CN112853068A - 一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN112853068A
CN112853068A CN202011634541.1A CN202011634541A CN112853068A CN 112853068 A CN112853068 A CN 112853068A CN 202011634541 A CN202011634541 A CN 202011634541A CN 112853068 A CN112853068 A CN 112853068A
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phosphating
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王作勇
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Henan Fuluide Metal Products Co ltd
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    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C21D8/065Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/12Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/78Pretreatment of the material to be coated

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种超细规格油淬火‑回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其包括以下步骤:将直径为5‑6mm的热轧线材进行一次酸洗磷化处理;通过若干道拉拔直至直径为2‑3mm;退火处理;二次酸洗磷化处理;拉拔至0.5‑1.0mm;油淬火‑回火处理,收线。该制备工艺可用于生产高精密度、高强度、高抗疲劳性的低衰减超细规格弹簧钢丝。

Description

一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及了一种钢丝制备工艺,具体的说,涉及了一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺。
背景技术
弹簧钢丝是用于做弹簧(SPRING)或钢丝型件(WIREFORM)的一种钢丝。随着汽车行业对发动机设计的要求进一步的提高,主要表现在对发动机的燃油效率,排放的要求越来越高,发动机的体积和重量的越来越小,同时对于汽车安全性的要求也越来越高,气门弹簧材料技术的要求是弹簧规格要更加细同时要求精密度、强度、抗疲劳性更高,且衰减更低。但是,目前我国市场上的这种超细规格弹簧钢丝主要依靠进口,因此,研发一种超细弹簧钢丝的制备工艺具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,从而提供一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将直径为5-6mm的热轧线材进行一次酸洗磷化处理;
(2)通过若干道拉拔直至直径为2-3mm;
(3)退火处理;
(4)二次酸洗磷化处理;
(5)拉拔至0.5-1.0mm;
(6)油淬火-回火处理,收线。
基于上述,所述退火处理步骤中,加热至750-800℃保温1-2h,以10±3℃/h降温至500℃,以100±3℃/h降温至100℃,自然冷却。
基于上述,所述一次酸洗磷化处理步骤中,酸洗液为质量分数为15%-25%的稀硫酸或稀盐酸,酸洗温度为50-60℃,酸洗时间为15-30min;磷化液为15-20%的磷酸二氢锌溶液,磷化温度为70-80℃,磷化时间为10-15min。
基于上述,所述二次酸洗磷化处理步骤中,酸洗液为质量分数为15%-25%的稀硫酸或稀盐酸,酸洗温度为50-60℃,酸洗时间为3-6min;磷化液为15-20%的磷酸二氢锌溶液,磷化温度为70-80℃,磷化时间为20-30min。
基于上述,所述油淬火-回火处理步骤中,加热至850-900℃,保温5-10s,采用油淬火介质快速冷却到150-200℃,再加热至450~500℃,保温10-15s,快速冷却至50-100℃。
基于上述,采用直进式干粉拉丝设备进行拉拔。
本发明相对现有技术具有突出的实质性特点和显著进步,具体的说,本发明供一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,通过两酸洗磷化、退火、油淬火-回火结合两次拉拔保证钢丝抗拉强度的通条性一致、钢丝组织一致,并且使钢丝肌体的组织细化到最佳状态,从而大大降低用弹簧钢丝的力值衰减。首先进行酸洗磷化处理去除热轧线材表面的氧化皮并磷化形成涂层,以便进行拉拔形成半成品;然后进行退火处理,降低硬度,通过二次酸洗磷化处理形成涂层,再拉拔至0.5-1.0mm,最后进行油淬火-回火处理,提高钢丝的韧性,另外,拉拔工序采用直进式干粉拉丝设备,相对于生产冷拉丝和琴钢丝使用的水箱式拉丝设备,能有效的保护钢丝表面不受损伤,从而提高钢丝的抗疲劳性能。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将直径为5.5mm的热轧线材进行一次酸洗磷化处理;
(2)通过若干道拉拔直至直径为2.5mm;
(3)退火处理;
(4)二次酸洗磷化处理;
(5)拉拔至0.5mm;
(6)油淬火-回火处理,收线。
具体的,热轧线材采用55SiCr弹簧钢热轧线材,所述退火处理步骤中,加热至760℃保温1h,以10±3℃/h降温至500℃,以100±3℃/h降温至100℃,自然冷却。所述一次酸洗磷化处理步骤中,酸洗液为质量分数为15%的稀硫酸,酸洗温度为50-60℃,酸洗时间为15min;磷化液为17%的磷酸二氢锌溶液,磷化温度为70-80℃,磷化时间为10min。所述二次酸洗磷化处理步骤中,酸洗液为质量分数为15%的稀硫酸,酸洗温度为50-60℃,酸洗时间为5min;磷化液为17%的磷酸二氢锌溶液,磷化温度为70-80℃,磷化时间为30min。所述油淬火-回火处理步骤中,加热至870℃,保温8s,采用油淬火介质快速冷却到200℃以下,再加热至450℃,保温10s,快速冷却至100℃以下。拉拔工序采用直进式干粉拉丝设备进行拉拔。
本实施例制得弹簧钢丝的抗拉强度为2110MPA,疲劳寿命为1.1×108次。
实施例2
一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将直径为5.5mm的热轧线材进行一次酸洗磷化处理;
(2)通过若干道拉拔直至直径为2mm;
(3)退火处理;
(4)二次酸洗磷化处理;
(5)拉拔至1.0mm;
(6)油淬火-回火处理,收线。
具体的,热轧线材采用55SiCr弹簧钢热轧线材,所述退火处理步骤中,加热至750℃保温2h,以10±3℃/h降温至500℃,以100±3℃/h降温至100℃,自然冷却。所述一次酸洗磷化处理步骤中,酸洗液为质量分数为25%的稀盐酸,酸洗温度为50-60℃,酸洗时间为30min;磷化液为20%的磷酸二氢锌溶液,磷化温度为70-80℃,磷化时间为15min。所述二次酸洗磷化处理步骤中,酸洗液为质量分数为25%的稀盐酸,酸洗温度为50-60℃,酸洗时间为3min;磷化液为20%的磷酸二氢锌溶液,磷化温度为70-80℃,磷化时间为20min。所述油淬火-回火处理步骤中,加热至900℃,保温50s,采用油淬火介质快速冷却到150℃,再加热至450℃,保温10s,快速冷却至100℃。拉拔工序采用直进式干粉拉丝设备进行拉拔。
本实施例制得弹簧钢丝的抗拉强度为2160MPA,疲劳寿命为1.2×108次。
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制;尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换;而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神,其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (6)

1.一种超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将直径为5-6mm的热轧线材进行一次酸洗磷化处理;
(2)通过若干道拉拔直至直径为2-3mm;
(3)退火处理;
(4)二次酸洗磷化处理;
(5)拉拔至0.5-1.0mm;
(6)油淬火-回火处理,收线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其特征在于:所述退火处理步骤中,加热至750-800℃保温1-2h,以10±3℃/h降温至500℃,以100±3℃/h降温至100℃,自然冷却。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其特征在于:所述一次酸洗磷化处理步骤中,酸洗液为质量分数为15%-25%的稀硫酸或稀盐酸,酸洗温度为50-60℃,酸洗时间为15-30min;磷化液为15-20%的磷酸二氢锌溶液,磷化温度为70-80℃,磷化时间为10-15min。
4.根据权利要求3所述的超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其特征在于:所述二次酸洗磷化处理步骤中,酸洗液为质量分数为15%-25%的稀硫酸或稀盐酸,酸洗温度为50-60℃,酸洗时间为3-6min;磷化液为15-20%的磷酸二氢锌溶液,磷化温度为70-80℃,磷化时间为20-30min。
5.根据权利要求4所述的超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其特征在于:所述油淬火-回火处理步骤中,加热至850-900℃,保温5-10s,采用油淬火介质快速冷却到150-200℃,再加热至450~500℃,保温10-15s,快速冷却至50-100℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超细规格油淬火-回火弹簧钢丝制备工艺,其特征在于:采用直进式干粉拉丝设备进行拉拔。
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