Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for hazardous waste molten glass treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for hazardous waste molten vitrification treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-treating the hazardous waste, and feeding the pre-treated hazardous waste and compatible materials into a rotary kiln for high-temperature heating;
(2) the burnt material falls out of the rotary kiln and is continuously heated until the material begins to melt;
(3) further heating the melted materials until the melted materials are completely melted into liquid residues, and carrying out sedimentation and layering;
(4) granulating and chilling the liquid residue, quenching with water, and cooling to form granular residue with the particle size of 8-30 mm, wherein the mass content of the glass body of the residue is 90-96%;
(5) the metal part in the granular residue is separated after magnetic separation.
Further, the pretreatment in the step (1) is to crush the hazardous waste by a hydraulic shearing crusher and perform element analysis.
Further, the compatible materials in the step (1) are glass and/or sand stone, and the adding amount of the compatible materials is 0.5-5% of the total mass of the solid dangerous waste materials.
Further, the temperature of the materials in the step (1) heated in the rotary kiln is 1100-1200 ℃.
Further, the material in the step (2) is heated to 1400-1500 ℃, the retention time is 50-20 min, and the material is heated through an oxygen-enriched burner.
Further, the material in the step (3) is heated to 1500-1600 ℃, the retention time is 30 min-2 h, and the material is heated by an oxygen-enriched burner.
After the treatment technology of the traditional hazardous waste treatment technology of the rotary kiln and the secondary combustion chamber technology, the hazardous waste material is further heated to 1550-1800 ℃, the thermal ignition loss of the final hazardous waste slag can be further reduced to less than 1%, slag is discharged in a liquid state, and the content of glass in the slag is 90-96%. The hazardous waste residues are further reduced and vitrified, and can be directly buried or used as corresponding building materials without synergistic treatment or solidification, so that the treatment cost of the residues is reduced, and the cost accounts for about 30 percent of the annual income of hazardous waste treatment.
The invention directly melts and vitrifies the ash at the bottom of the second combustion chamber, saves the energy consumption for heating the ash from normal temperature to 1150 ℃, and simultaneously, the adopted oxygen-enriched combustion technology is more stable and reliable, reduces the energy consumption and has lower equipment investment compared with the plasma.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the above-described drawings, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The method is characterized in that melting vitrification treatment is carried out on hazardous wastes, a set of high-temperature melting vitrification device is directly additionally arranged at a slag outlet of an original hazardous waste rotary kiln and a secondary combustion chamber incineration system, wherein the hazardous waste slag melting vitrification device is shown in figure 1, and comprises a transition section 1, a melting/separating section 2, a communicating section 3, a slag outlet section 4 and a cooling granulation section.
The bottom of the transition section is sequentially connected with the melting/separating section, the slag discharging section and the cooling granulation section, and the transition section, the melting/separating section and the slag discharging section are connected in pairs through flanges. The device adopts the shell (steel shell) that the water-cooling pressed from both sides the cover in changeover portion, melting/separation section, UNICOM section and slagging tap section, and the inner wall of shell is provided with refractory material layer 5, and refractory material layer adopts the refractory material that has anti-oxidant atmosphere, and fire-resistant temperature is 1750 ~ 2000 ℃. The shell is fixed with copper cooling element at the inner wall of changeover portion, and cooling element is inside to adopt the recirculated cooling water to take away the heat.
The transition section is a vertical inner cavity and is evenly provided with a circle of transition section burners 6 extending into the inner cavity.
The melting/separating section is an inner cavity channel horizontally arranged, the cross section of the inner cavity channel is of an arch-shaped structure, the melting separating section burners 7 stretching into the inner cavity are uniformly arranged at the top, the distance between the burners is 200-1000 mm, the flame orientation of the burners is opposite to the flow direction of the molten material, and the axis of each burner forms an included angle of 20-55 degrees with the horizontal line.
The bottom of the melting/separating section is provided with a supporting support which adopts a structural form of a roller and a butterfly spring, and the supporting support is convenient to detach, install, maintain and replace.
The bottom of the section of slagging tap is provided with slag notch 8, and the bottom of slag notch is the toper, and the size of end cone export is 20 ~ 200mm, and the actual size sets up according to liquid slag quantity size. The upper part of the slag outlet is provided with a slag outlet section burner 9 extending into the inner cavity,
the cooling granulation section comprises a water-cooled wall section 10, a water seal section 11 and a slag pool 12. The upper end of the water-cooling wall section is connected with two sides of the slag outlet, the lower end of the water-cooling wall section is connected with a water-sealing section, the material of a cylinder body of the water-sealing section is S316L, the lower part of the water-sealing section is inserted into the slag pool cooling liquid, the insertion depth is 300-3000 mm, and the upper part of the water-sealing section is provided with a chilling granulation nozzle extending into the inner cavity to spray, chill and granulate liquid slag.
The upper part of the water-cooled wall section is provided with a water-cooled wall section burner 13 extending into the inner cavity, and the height of the slag outlet is provided with an observation port. The nozzle is adjustable nozzle, adjusts the load of natural gas according to the slag notch jam condition, sets up the viewing aperture simultaneously in the slag notch is high, observes the jam condition of slag notch.
All burners adopt oxygen-enriched air and natural gas, the volume concentration range of the oxygen-enriched air is 25-45%, and the oxygen-enriched air is heated to 150-350 ℃ and then is combusted.
The high-temperature melting system shown in fig. 2 comprises a feeding system 14, a rotary kiln 15, a secondary combustion chamber 16, a dangerous waste ash melting and vitrifying device 17, a waste heat recovery/tail gas treatment unit 18, a slag conveyor 19, an iron removal unit 20 and a slag discharge unit 21. The upper end of the transition section is arranged at the bottom of the second combustion chamber and is connected by a flange.
The method for carrying out the vitrification treatment on the dangerous waste melt comprises the following steps:
1. the solid material is crushed by a hydraulic shearing crusher.
2. And (4) carrying out element analysis on the material, and carrying out compatibility according to the composition elements and the heat value. The glass and sand stone are added in small amount accounting for 0.5-5% of the total material amount, and the compatibility is actually carried out according to the material composition. The method aims to reduce the melting point of materials, protect the refractory material of the rotary kiln body and increase the content of vitreous body in liquid state.
3. And pushing the well-mixed materials into a rotary kiln system from a kiln head through a feeding system.
4, heating the materials to 1100-1200 ℃ in the rotary kiln, and moving from the kiln head to the kiln tail while making circular motion along with the kiln body, so that the materials are fully combusted.
5, directly dropping the burnt materials into the transition section due to gravity, heating the materials to 1450-1800 ℃ in the transition section through the oxygen-enriched burner, and melting the materials.
6. The melted liquid material gradually enters a melting/separating section, the material in the area is gradually heated to 1550-1800 ℃, the viscosity of the material is reduced along with the temperature rise, and the material is completely melted. The melted liquid slag may further delaminate at the tail end due to gravity.
7. The liquid slag changes from horizontal flow to vertical flow in the flow direction of the slag outlet. The horizontal flow speed is slow so as to completely melt and stratify the materials, and the vertical flow is used for accelerating the flow speed of the liquid slag under the action of gravity and preventing the liquid slag from being blocked by condensation. The liquid slag is granulated and chilled through a granulating nozzle in the vertical flowing process, so that the finally obtained slag particles are uniform. Is beneficial to slag fishing and primary cooling of liquid slag.
8. And directly dropping the granulated and chilled slag into a water tank, quenching with water, and cooling to form granular substances with the particle size of 8-30 mm.
9. The obtained slag particles are conveyed to a belt through a slag conveyor, metal parts (with extremely small amount) can be recovered after magnetic separation, and the content of glass in the slag obtained after melting is about 90-96%.
10. The subsequent treatment method of the flue gas is similar to the conventional incineration method, namely the flow and the steps of a boiler (SNCR) → a rapid cooling deacidification tower (containing deacidification) → dry deacidification → a bag type dust collector → two-stage wet deacidification → SGH → a fan → a chimney are adopted, the waste heat recovery and tail gas treatment in the flue gas are mainly carried out, and the flue gas is directly discharged after reaching the standard.
However, the apparatus of this embodiment is not the only apparatus used in the method for performing hazardous waste molten glass treatment, and the method for performing hazardous waste molten glass treatment according to this embodiment can be implemented by using an apparatus having the same or similar function as the hazardous waste slag molten glass treatment apparatus according to this embodiment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.