CN112850880B - Biological retention composite medium filler, preparation method thereof and biological retention facility - Google Patents
Biological retention composite medium filler, preparation method thereof and biological retention facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN112850880B CN112850880B CN202110123068.9A CN202110123068A CN112850880B CN 112850880 B CN112850880 B CN 112850880B CN 202110123068 A CN202110123068 A CN 202110123068A CN 112850880 B CN112850880 B CN 112850880B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological retention composite medium filler, a preparation method thereof and a biological retention facility, comprising the following steps: 3-10% of water supply plant sludge, 50-60% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 20-25% of planting soil and 2-8% of coconut coir; or 3-10% of zeolite, 50-60% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 20-25% of planting soil and 2-8% of coconut coir. The biological retention composite medium filler provided by the invention is prepared by mixing cheap raw materials according to a ratio, taking coarse sand as a main framework, taking fine sand as a polymer, taking planting soil as a plant and microorganism growth organic matter maintenance body, taking coconut coir as a bridge to build each component to form a good environment for plant and microorganism growth, and removing phosphorus or ammonia nitrogen by using sludge or zeolite of a water supply plant in an enhanced manner. The formed biological retention composite medium filler has good permeability, stable filtering performance, good adsorption capacity and good pollutant treatment effect, and is suitable for growth of plants and microorganisms due to proper organic matter content and good water retention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of initial rainwater treatment, in particular to a bioretention composite medium filler. In addition, the invention also relates to a preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler and a biological retention facility.
Background
With the effective control of point source pollution, the problem of non-point source pollution caused by initial rainwater is attracting more and more attention. The concept of treating rainwater by using low-impact development technology is accepted by more and more people. The current non-point source pollution treatment modes of initial rainwater can be roughly divided into three types: the source, the process and the tail end are controlled, and the commonly used control measures mainly comprise a biological retention facility, an overflow regulation and storage tank, an artificial wetland and the like. The concentrated release position of the initial rainwater pollution source is limited in space, the existing conventional control measures or the occupied area are large, the implementation is difficult, or the operation cost is high, the pollutant removal rate is greatly influenced by seasons and water quantity and quality changes, the treatment effect is unstable, and the characteristic of rainwater pollution change cannot be adapted to.
Bioretention facilities originated in the late nineties of the twentieth century, and have gradually become widely used runoff rainwater treatment facilities due to the fact that the bioretention facilities can effectively control non-point source pollution and are flexible in size, layout, position and the like. Bioretention facilities are gaining increasing attention from researchers and are beginning to explore the possibilities of treating wastewater from various sources. One of the basic raw materials of the bioretention facility is a composite medium filler with high water retention, strong permeability and slow release of organic matters. The composite medium filler in the prior art mainly has four forms: firstly, the composite medium filler takes humus as a basic raw material; secondly, the peat is used as a composite medium filler of the basic raw material; thirdly, the sand is used as a composite medium filler of the basic raw material; and fourthly, the composite medium filler takes the planting soil as a basic raw material. However, nutrients in humus soil and planting soil are easily released to a receiving water body along with runoff, and the water permeability is poor; although the permeability of the sandy soil is good, the water retention is poor, the plant selection is limited, and the landscape effect is influenced; peat belongs to non-renewable natural resources, and peat mining is prohibited in many areas. Therefore, a composite medium filler which can fix phosphorus, remove nitrogen, reduce secondary pollution and can be developed sustainably is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bioretention composite medium filler, a preparation method thereof and a bioretention facility, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing bioretention facility generally occupies a large area, is difficult to implement, has large influence on pollutant removal rate due to changes of seasons, water quantity and water quality, has unstable treatment effect, cannot adapt to initial rainwater change characteristics, has high cost of used fillers, and cannot be popularized and applied.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a bioretention composite medium filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-10% of water supply plant sludge, 50-60% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 20-25% of planting soil and 2-8% of coconut coir; or 3-10% of zeolite, 50-60% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 20-25% of planting soil and 2-8% of coconut coir.
Further, the initial infiltration rate of the biological retention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5m/s, pH of 5.5-6.5 and burning weight loss rate (LOI) of organic matters of 2.5-3.5 percent.
Furthermore, the average grain diameter of the coarse sand is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the fineness modulus is 3.1-3.7; the fine sand has an average particle size of 0.25-0.35 mm and a fineness modulus of 1.6-2.2; the permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content is more than 5%, pH value is 6-8, and cation exchange capacity is more than 5mep/100 g; the pH value of the coconut coir is 5.5-6.5, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.5-0.9.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1: spreading 60% of dewatered sludge in a water supply plant for drying in the sun, turning over once a day, and continuously turning over for 5-7 days;
s2: crushing the water supply plant sludge dried in the sun in the step S1, and sieving to obtain water supply plant sludge particles;
s3: soaking the coconut coir without the coconut shell in water, draining the residual water when the volume of the coconut coir is expanded to 3-4 times, flushing the coconut coir while draining water, repeatedly cleaning for at least 3 times to remove salt, and drying in the air;
s4: and (4) stirring and mixing the sludge particles of the water supply plant obtained in the step S2 and the coconut coir obtained in the step S3 with coarse sand, fine sand and planting soil to obtain the biological retention composite medium filler.
Further, the thickness of the sludge spread out by the water supply plant in the step S1 is 15 cm-20 cm; the size of the sieve holes sieved in the step S2 is 3 mm-5 mm.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning zeolite, soaking zeolite in water for more than 48h, taking out zeolite after detecting that the concentration of pollutants in water does not rise after soaking, and drying;
s2: soaking the coconut coir without the coconut shell in water, draining the residual water when the volume of the coconut coir is expanded to 3-4 times, flushing the coconut coir while draining water, repeatedly cleaning for at least 3 times to remove salt, and drying in the air;
s3: and (4) stirring and mixing the zeolite obtained in the step S1 and the coconut coir obtained in the step S2 with coarse sand, fine sand and planting soil to obtain the biological retention composite medium filler.
Further, the particle size of the zeolite is 2mm to 4 mm.
According to another aspect of the invention, the bioretention facility comprises a composite medium packing layer prepared from the bioretention composite medium packing, and the composite medium packing layer comprises a biological filtering pool with an opening at the top end, wherein the biological filtering pool comprises a water storage layer for storing initial rainwater, a covering layer for retaining water for the composite medium packing layer and preventing the initial rainwater from directly impacting the composite medium packing layer, the composite medium packing layer for filtering, dephosphorizing and denitrifying the initial rainwater passing through the covering layer, and a gravel layer for quickly draining the initial rainwater treated by the composite medium packing layer.
Further, the thickness of the composite medium filler layer is 800 mm-1000 mm; the thickness of the gravel layer is 300 mm-500 mm; the thickness of the covering layer is 50 mm-100 mm, and the covering layer adopts carbonized bark.
Furthermore, vegetation can be planted between the upper part of the composite medium filler layer and the covering layer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the biological retention composite medium filler comprises water supply plant sludge, coarse sand, fine sand, planting soil and coconut coir, or zeolite, coarse sand, fine sand, planting soil and coconut coir. Coconut chaff in the bioretention composite medium filler can expand to 3-4 times of the original volume after meeting water, the original volume can be restored after water transpiration, the expansion and contraction cause the porosity change in the bioretention composite medium filler, aerobic and anaerobic processes are formed, nitrification and denitrification conditions are provided for biological nitrogen removal, and nitrogen in initial rainwater can be generated into nitrogen to be removed; and meanwhile, the coconut coir has good water absorption and water retention, so that the water retention effect of the bioretention composite medium filler is effectively improved, and a good environment is provided for the growth of plants. The coarse sand has the filtering and adsorbing effects, and can also enable the permeability of the bioretention composite medium filler to reach 150mm/h, and the permeability of soil is only 20 mm/h-30 mm/h generally. The water plant sludge is rich in metal oxides or hydroxides, has strong adsorption effect on phosphorus, does not generate secondary release pollution, also plays a role in fertilizer retention, ensures that nutrients are not released along with initial rainwater, and can meet the growth conditions of various landscape plants; or the framework formed by the silicon-aluminum-oxygen in the zeolite has a plurality of cavities with regular shapes and channels for connecting the cavities and the dirty parts, has the characteristics of high porosity and large specific surface area, and has strong selective ion exchange capacity for ammonia nitrogen. The biological retention composite medium filler is prepared by mixing the components in proportion, taking coarse sand as a main framework, fine sand as a polymer, planting soil as a plant and microorganism growth organic matter maintenance body, taking coconut coir as a bridge to build the components to form a good environment for the growth of plants and microorganisms, and removing phosphorus or ammonia nitrogen by using sludge or zeolite of a water supply plant in an enhanced manner. The formed biological retention composite medium filler has good permeability, stable filtering performance, good adsorption capacity and good pollutant treatment effect, and is suitable for growth of plants and microorganisms due to proper organic matter content and good water retention.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bioretention facility according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1. a aquifer; 2. a cover layer; 3. a composite medium filler layer; 4. a gravel layer.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bioretention facility according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The preferred embodiment of the invention provides a biological retention composite medium filler, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-10% of water supply plant sludge, 50-60% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 20-25% of planting soil and 2-8% of coconut coir; or 3-10% of zeolite, 50-60% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 20-25% of planting soil and 2-8% of coconut coir.
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises water supply plant sludge, coarse sand, fine sand, planting soil and coconut coir, or zeolite, coarse sand, fine sand, planting soil and coconut coir. Coconut chaff in the bioretention composite medium filler can expand to 3-4 times of the original volume after meeting water, the original volume can be restored after water transpiration, the expansion and contraction cause the porosity change in the bioretention composite medium filler, aerobic and anaerobic processes are formed, nitrification and denitrification conditions are provided for biological nitrogen removal, and nitrogen in initial rainwater can be generated into nitrogen to be removed; and meanwhile, the coconut coir has good water absorption and water retention, so that the water retention effect of the bioretention composite medium filler is effectively improved, and a good environment is provided for the growth of plants. The coarse sand has the filtering and adsorbing effects, and can also enable the permeability of the bioretention composite medium filler to reach 150mm/h, and the permeability of soil is only 20 mm/h-30 mm/h generally. The water plant sludge is rich in metal oxides or hydroxides, has strong adsorption effect on phosphorus, does not generate secondary release pollution, also plays a role in fertilizer retention, ensures that nutrients are not released along with initial rainwater, and can meet the growth conditions of various landscape plants; or the framework formed by the silicon-aluminum-oxygen in the zeolite has a plurality of cavities with regular shapes and channels for connecting the cavities and the dirty parts, has the characteristics of high porosity and large specific surface area, and has strong selective ion exchange capacity for ammonia nitrogen. The biological retention composite medium filler is prepared by mixing the components in proportion, taking coarse sand as a main framework, fine sand as a polymer, planting soil as a plant and microorganism growth organic matter maintenance body, taking coconut coir as a bridge to build the components to form a good environment for the growth of plants and microorganisms, and removing phosphorus or ammonia nitrogen by using sludge or zeolite of a water supply plant in an enhanced manner. The formed biological retention composite medium filler has good permeability, stable filtering performance, good adsorption capacity and good pollutant treatment effect, and is suitable for growth of plants and microorganisms due to proper organic matter content and good water retention.
50% -60% of coarse sand, the coarse sand is used as the main framework of the biological retention composite medium filler, on one hand, the porosity of the biological retention composite medium filler is kept in a proper range, good water permeability of the biological retention composite medium filler is guaranteed, on the other hand, the biological retention composite medium filler has good filtering and adsorbing effects, and removal of pollutants is facilitated.
10-15% of fine sand, and the fine sand is adopted to ensure good polymerizability of each component particle in the composite medium filler.
20% -25% of planting soil, and by adopting the planting soil in the proportion, on one hand, the planting soil has good polymerizability with other component particles, and on the other hand, the planting soil can provide and maintain organic matters and nutrition suitable for growth of plants and microorganisms in the composite medium filler, so that an environment suitable for growth of plant roots and microorganisms is constructed.
2% -8% of coconut coir, the coconut coir can expand to 3-4 times of the original volume after meeting water, the original volume can be restored after water transpiration, the coconut coir with the proportion of 2% -8% is uniformly dispersed in the bioretention composite medium filler, the expansion and contraction cause the porosity change in the bioretention composite medium filler, aerobic and anaerobic processes are formed, nitrification and denitrification conditions are provided for biological nitrogen removal, so that nitrogen in initial rainwater can be generated into nitrogen for removal; and the coconut coir has good water absorption and water retention, effectively improves the water retention of the bioretention composite medium filler, and provides a good environment for the growth of plants.
2% -8% of water supply plant sludge, which is rich in metal oxides or hydroxides, has strong adsorption effect on phosphorus, does not produce secondary release pollution, also plays a role in fertilizer preservation, ensures that nutrients are not released along with initial rainwater, and can meet the growth conditions of various landscape plants.
2 to 8 percent of zeolite, and a framework consisting of silicon, aluminum and oxygen inside the zeolite is provided with a plurality of cavities with regular shapes and channels for connecting the cavities, so that the zeolite has the characteristics of high porosity and large specific surface area and has strong selective ion exchange capacity for ammonia nitrogen.
Through a large number of experiments, the components are subjected to synergistic interaction, so that the bioretention composite medium filler can remove initial rainwater pollution, can retain water and fertilizer, ensures that nutrients are not released along with initial rainwater, and has sufficient permeability. If the proportion is adjusted, the pollutant removal effect, the infiltration rate and the plant growth are all adversely affected.
This implementationIn the case, the initial infiltration rate of the bioretention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5m/s, pH of 5.5-6.5 and burning weight loss rate (LOI) of organic matters of 2.5-3.5 percent. The initial infiltration rate of the biological retention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5The permeability is good, the rain water can stably seep in the early stage, the treatment effect is stable, and the growth of plants and microorganisms can be facilitated. The pH value is 5.5-6.5, which is the most suitable pH value range for the growth of plants with good effect of reducing common pollutants. The burning weight loss rate (LOI) of the organic matters is 2.5-3.5%, and the organic matters contained in the bioretention composite medium in the interval are most suitable for the growth of plants and microorganisms.
In the embodiment, the average grain diameter of the coarse sand is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the fineness modulus is 3.1-3.7. The fine sand has an average particle size of 0.25-0.35 mm and a fineness modulus of 1.6-2.2. The permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content more than 5%, pH value of 6-8, and cation exchange capacity more than 5mep/100 g. The pH value of the coconut coir is 5.5-6.5, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.5-0.9.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1: spreading 60% of dewatered sludge in a water supply plant for drying in the sun, turning over once a day, and continuously turning over for 5-7 days;
s2: crushing the water supply plant sludge dried in the sun in the step S1, and sieving to obtain water supply plant sludge particles;
s3: soaking the coconut coir without the coconut shell in water, draining the residual water when the volume of the coconut coir is expanded to 3-4 times, flushing the coconut coir while draining water, repeatedly cleaning for at least 3 times to remove salt, and drying in the air;
s4: and (4) stirring and mixing the sludge particles of the water supply plant obtained in the step S2 and the coconut coir obtained in the step S3 with coarse sand, fine sand and planting soil to obtain the biological retention composite medium filler.
The preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler of the invention comprises the steps of dehydrating, drying and crushing the sludge of the water supply plant to form sludge granules of the water supply plantAnd the coconut husk removed with the coconut shells is used for avoiding caking, ensuring that the coconut husk is fully mixed with other components, repeatedly cleaning and removing the salt of the coconut husk, and avoiding the influence of higher salinity on the growth of plants and microorganisms. The average grain diameter of the coarse sand is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the fineness modulus is 3.1-3.7. The fine sand has an average particle size of 0.25-0.35 mm and a fineness modulus of 1.6-2.2. The permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content more than 5%, pH value of 6-8, and cation exchange capacity more than 5mep/100 g. The corresponding performance index is reached by carrying out pretreatment on each component; and then the components are fully mixed to form the bioretention composite medium filler, so that the initial rainwater pollution can be removed, water and fertilizer can be preserved, nutrient substances are not released along with the initial rainwater, and the biological detention composite medium filler has sufficient permeability.
In this example, the thickness of sludge spread in the water supply plant in step S1 is 15cm to 20 cm. The size of the sieve holes sieved in the step S2 is 3 mm-5 mm. And step S1, spreading the dewatered sludge of the water supply plant to form a sludge layer with the thickness of 15-20 cm, and continuously turning the sludge layer for 5-7 days by using a turning machine, so as to increase the contact oxidation of the sludge of the water supply plant and air and accelerate the stabilization and deodorization of the sludge of the water supply plant. In step S2, the dried sludge of the water supply plant enters a crusher to be crushed, the crushed sludge is sent to a vibrating screen to be screened, the size of the screen hole is 3 mm-5 mm, and the sludge particles of the water supply plant larger than 5mm are sent back to the crusher to be crushed so as to ensure that the sludge particles are fully and uniformly mixed with other components.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning zeolite, soaking zeolite in water for more than 48h, taking out zeolite after detecting that the concentration of pollutants in water does not rise after soaking, and drying;
s2: soaking the coconut coir without the coconut shell in water, draining the residual water when the volume of the coconut coir is expanded to 3-4 times, flushing the coconut coir while draining water, repeatedly cleaning for at least 3 times to remove salt, and drying in the air;
s3: and (4) stirring and mixing the zeolite obtained in the step S1 and the coconut coir obtained in the step S2 with coarse sand, fine sand and planting soil to obtain the biological retention composite medium filler.
Cleaning, soaking a small amount of the above materials in water for more than 48h, and spreading the soaked water on the field for naturally drying after the concentration of pollutants does not rise according to the standard of the environmental quality of surface water (GB3838) basic project indexes. Preferably, the particle size of the zeolite is 2-4 mm.
In this example, the zeolite particle size was 2mm to 4 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a bioretention facility, including a composite medium filler layer 3 prepared from the bioretention composite medium filler, including a biological filter tank with an open top end, the biological filter tank includes a water storage layer 1 for storing initial rainwater, a covering layer 2 for retaining water for the composite medium filler layer 3 and preventing the initial rainwater from directly impacting the composite medium filler layer 3, the composite medium filler layer 3 for filtering, dephosphorizing and denitriding the initial rainwater filtered by the covering layer 2, and a gravel layer 4 for rapidly draining the initial rainwater treated by the composite medium filler layer 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the bioretention facility of the invention comprises a water storage layer 1, a covering layer 2, a composite medium packing layer 3 and a gravel layer 4 from top to bottom, wherein the bioretention facility is suitable for treating initial rainwater, the initial rainwater to be treated is introduced into the water storage layer 1, water is retained by the covering layer 2, then the initial rainwater is filtered, denitrified and dephosphorized by the composite medium packing layer 3, the composite medium packing layer 3 has proper organic matter content, good adsorption capacity and water retention are suitable for plants and microorganisms to grow, and the purified initial rainwater is quickly discharged by the gravel layer 4. Because be equipped with overburden 2 on the composite media packing layer 3, and the porosity is greater than the porosity of composite media packing layer 3, overburden 2 is 3 water conservation for composite media packing layer to initial stage rainwater pollutant gets into composite media packing layer 3 after, can not only ensure that composite media packing layer 3 is difficult for blockking up, and make composite media packing layer 3 can more effective performance to the absorption and the filtration of pollutant, and then improve the pollutant and get rid of purifying effect, need not frequent change biological detention composite media and pack. The covering layer 2 has a water retention function, and is beneficial to maintenance, uniform water collection and rapid water drainage of the gravel layer 4 in medium plant and microorganism growing environments.
Preferably, the thickness of the composite medium filler layer 3 is 800 mm-1000 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the gravel layer 4 is 800mm to 1000 mm. The thickness of the covering layer 2 is 50 mm-100 mm, and the covering layer 2 adopts carbonized bark. The carbonized bark has low organic matter content, and the carried microorganisms are basically removed, so that the phenomena of poor sense, smelly odor and the like caused by microorganism attachment are avoided.
In the embodiment, vegetation can be planted between the upper part of the composite medium filler layer 3 and the covering layer 2. The composite medium filler layer 3 has the functions of water retention and fertilizer retention, so that nutrient substances are not released along with initial rainwater, and the generation conditions of various landscape plants can be met.
Examples
Example 1
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of water supply plant sludge, 54% of coarse sand, 13.5% of fine sand, 22.5% of planting soil, 5% of coconut husk and the initial infiltration rate of the bioretention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5m/s, pH 6.3, organic matter burning weight loss rate (LOI) 3.2%, coarse sand average particle size 0.8mm, fineness modulus 3.5; the average grain diameter of the fine sand is 0.3mm, and the fineness modulus is 2; the permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content is more than 5 percent, pH value is 7.1, and cation exchange capacity is more than 5mep/100 g; the pH value of the coconut coir is 5.5, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.6.
The preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler comprises the following steps:
s1: spreading 60% dewatered sludge of water supply plant to form a sludge layer with a thickness of 20cm, drying in the sun, and continuously turning over the sludge layer once a day for 7 days by using a rooter;
s2: feeding the water supply plant sludge dried in the sun in the step S1 into a crusher for crushing, feeding the crushed sludge into a vibrating screen for screening, wherein the size of the screen hole is 4mm, and obtaining water supply plant sludge particles;
s3: soaking the coconut coir without the coconut shell in water, draining the residual water when the volume of the coconut coir is expanded to 3-4 times, flushing the coconut coir while draining, repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to remove salt, and drying in the air;
s4: and (4) stirring and mixing the sludge particles of the water supply plant obtained in the step S2 and the coconut coir obtained in the step S3 with coarse sand, fine sand and planting soil to obtain the biological retention composite medium filler.
Biological detention facility adopts the composite medium filler layer that above-mentioned biological detention composite medium filler prepared, including open-ended biofiltration pond in the top, biofiltration pond includes that the initial stage rainwater flow direction from top to bottom has laid in proper order that thickness is 300 mm's water storage layer, thickness are 60 mm's overburden, thickness are 800 mm's composite medium filler layer, thickness are 300 mm's gravel layer.
Example 2
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of water supply plant sludge, 54% of coarse sand, 13.5% of fine sand, 22.5% of planting soil, 5% of coconut husk and the initial infiltration rate of the bioretention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5m/s, pH 6.3, organic matter burning weight loss rate (LOI) 3.2%, coarse sand average particle size 0.8mm, fineness modulus 3.5; the average grain diameter of the fine sand is 0.3mm, and the fineness modulus is 2; the permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content is more than 5 percent, pH value is 7.1, and cation exchange capacity is more than 5mep/100 g; the pH value of the coconut coir is 6, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.75.
The preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler is the same as that of the example 1.
The biological retention facility was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of water supply plant sludge, 54% of coarse sand, 13.5% of fine sand, 22.5% of planting soil, 5% of coconut husk and the initial infiltration rate of the bioretention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5m/s, pH 6.3, organic matter burning weight loss rate (LOI) 3.2%, coarse sand average particle size 0.8mm, fineness modulus 3.5; fine sandThe average grain diameter is 0.3mm, and the fineness modulus is 2; the permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content is more than 5 percent, pH value is 7.1, and cation exchange capacity is more than 5mep/100 g; the pH value of the coconut coir is 6.2, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.8.
The preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler is the same as that of the example 1.
The biological retention facility was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of zeolite, 54% of coarse sand, 13.5% of fine sand, 22.5% of planting soil, 5% of coconut husk and the initial infiltration rate of the bioretention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5m/s, pH 6.3, organic matter burning weight loss rate (LOI) 3.2%, and zeolite particle size 4 mm; the average grain diameter of the coarse sand is 0.8mm, and the fineness modulus is 3.5; the average grain diameter of the fine sand is 0.3mm, and the fineness modulus is 2; the permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content is more than 5 percent, pH value is 7.1, and cation exchange capacity is more than 5mep/100 g; the pH value of the coconut coir is 5.5, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.6.
The preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning zeolite, soaking the zeolite in water for more than 48h, and spreading the zeolite on the field to naturally dry the zeolite after the concentration of pollutants in the water does not rise according to the standard of the environmental quality of surface water (GB3838) basic project indexes;
s2: soaking the coconut coir without the coconut shell in water, draining the residual water when the volume of the coconut coir is expanded to 3-4 times, flushing the coconut coir while draining, repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to remove salt, and drying in the air;
s3: and (4) stirring and mixing the zeolite obtained in the step S1 and the coconut coir obtained in the step S2 with coarse sand, fine sand and planting soil to obtain the biological retention composite medium filler.
Biological detention facility adopts the composite medium filler layer that above-mentioned biological detention composite medium filler prepared, including open-ended biofiltration pond in the top, biofiltration pond includes that the initial stage rainwater flow direction from top to bottom has laid in proper order that thickness is 300 mm's water storage layer, thickness are 60 mm's overburden, thickness are 800 mm's composite medium filler layer, thickness are 300 mm's gravel layer.
Example 5
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of zeolite, 54% of coarse sand, 13.5% of fine sand, 22.5% of planting soil, 5% of coconut husk and the initial infiltration rate of the bioretention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5m/s, pH 6.3, organic matter burning weight loss rate (LOI) 3.2%, and zeolite particle size 3 mm; the average grain diameter of the coarse sand is 0.8mm, and the fineness modulus is 3.5; the average grain diameter of the fine sand is 0.3mm, and the fineness modulus is 2; the permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content is more than 5 percent, pH value is 7.1, and cation exchange capacity is more than 5mep/100 g; the pH value of the coconut coir is 6, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.75.
The preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler is the same as that of the example 1.
The biological retention facility was the same as in example 1.
Example 6
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of zeolite, 54% of coarse sand, 13.5% of fine sand, 22.5% of planting soil, 5% of coconut husk and the initial infiltration rate of the bioretention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10-5m/s, pH 6.3, organic matter burning weight loss rate (LOI) 3.2%, and zeolite particle size 3 mm; the average grain diameter of the coarse sand is 0.8mm, and the fineness modulus is 3.5; the average grain diameter of the fine sand is 0.3mm, and the fineness modulus is 2; the permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5 multiplied by 10-6m/s, organic matter content is more than 5 percent, pH value is 7.1, and cation exchange capacity is more than 5mep/100 g; the pH value of the coconut coir is 6.2, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.8.
The preparation method of the biological retention composite medium filler is the same as that of the example 4.
The biological retention facility was the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 1
The bioretention composite media pack comprised 100% of planting soil and the bioretention facility was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises 60% of coarse sand, 15% of fine sand and 25% of planting soil, and the biological retention facility is the same as that in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The biological retention composite medium filler comprises 58% of coarse sand, 14% of fine sand, 23% of planting soil and 5% of coconut coir, and the biological retention facility is the same as that in example 1.
Initial rainwater (roof), initial rainwater (district road) and initial rainwater (town road) were introduced into the bioretention facilities of examples 1 to 6, influent water was introduced into the bioretention facilities of comparative examples 1 to 3, and the initial rainwater which had not been treated by the bioretention facilities and the initial rainwater which had been treated by the bioretention facilities were subjected to water quality measurement to determine COD (chemical oxygen demand), SS (suspended solids), NH (NH) of the initial rainwater3N (ammonia nitrogen), TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus).
TABLE 1 Water quality of initial rainwater (roofing)
TABLE 2 Water quality of initial rainwater (district road)
TABLE 3 Water quality of initial rainwater (Town road)
TABLE 4 Water quality of comparative examples
As is clear from tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, the COD, SS and NH of the bioretention facility of the present invention3The removal effects of N, TN and TP are obvious, while the bioretention facilities of comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 have lower removal rates of COD and TP and higher removal rates of SS and TN and TP although the removal rate of SS of comparative example 1 is higher, so that all indexes of the filtered water quality of the bioretention facility reach the standard, and the bioretention composite medium filler in the bioretention facility has proper organic matter content and good water retention property, and is suitable for the growth of plants and microorganisms.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The biological retention composite medium filler is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
3-10% of zeolite, 50-60% of coarse sand, 10-15% of fine sand, 20-25% of planting soil and 2-8% of coconut coir;
the initial infiltration rate of the bioretention composite medium filler is more than or equal to 4.2 multiplied by 10-5m/s, stable infiltration rate not less than 2.2X 10- 5m/s, pH of 5.5-6.5, and burning weight loss rate (LOI) of organic matters of 2.5% -3.5%;
the average grain size of the coarse sand is more than or equal to 0.5mm, and the fineness modulus is 3.1-3.7;
the fine sand has an average particle size of 0.25-0.35 mm and a fineness modulus of 1.6-2.2;
the permeability of the planting soil is more than 3.5×10-6m/s, organic matter content is more than 5%, pH value is 6-8, and cation exchange capacity is more than 5mep/100 g;
the pH value of the coconut coir is 5.5-6.5, and the EC value (conductivity) of the coconut coir is 0.5-0.9;
the components in the bioretention composite medium filler are made of cheap raw materials, the components are mixed according to a ratio, coarse sand is used as a main framework, fine sand is used as a polymer, planting soil is used as a plant and microorganism growth organic matter maintenance body, coconut coir is used as a bridge to build the components to form a good environment for the growth of plants and microorganisms, and zeolite is used for removing ammonia nitrogen in an enhanced manner.
2. A method of making the bioretention composite media packing of claim 1 including the steps of:
s1: cleaning zeolite, soaking zeolite in water for more than 48h, taking out zeolite after detecting that the concentration of pollutants in water does not rise after soaking, and drying;
s2: soaking the coconut coir without the coconut shell in water, draining the residual water when the volume of the coconut coir is expanded to 3-4 times, flushing the coconut coir while draining water, repeatedly cleaning for at least 3 times to remove salt, and drying in the air;
s3: and (4) stirring and mixing the zeolite obtained in the step S1 and the coconut coir obtained in the step S2 with coarse sand, fine sand and planting soil to obtain the biological retention composite medium filler.
3. The method of preparing bioretention composite media packing according to claim 2 wherein,
the particle size of the zeolite is 2 mm-4 mm.
4. A bioretention facility comprising a composite media packing layer (3) prepared from the bioretention composite media packing of claim 1,
including open-top's biofiltration pond, biofiltration pond includes water storage layer (1) that is used for accumulating initial rainwater that from top to bottom lays in proper order along initial rainwater flow direction, be used for compound medium packing layer (3) guarantor's water and prevent overburden (2) of initial rainwater direct impact compound medium packing layer (3), be used for the process initial rainwater behind overburden (2) filters and removes compound medium packing layer (3) of nitrogen, is used for the process initial rainwater after compound medium packing layer (3) are handled realizes gravel layer (4) of quick drainage.
5. Bioretention installation according to claim 4,
the thickness of the composite medium filler layer (3) is 800 mm-1000 mm;
the thickness of the gravel layer (4) is 300 mm-500 mm;
the thickness of the covering layer (2) is 50 mm-100 mm, and the covering layer (2) adopts carbonized barks.
6. Bioretention installation according to claim 5,
vegetation is planted between the upper part of the composite medium filler layer (3) and the covering layer (2).
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| CN212116350U (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-12-11 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Prevent that root system from destroying ecological tree pool on ground |
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