CN110723809A - Multistage treatment method suitable for river pollution in rural areas - Google Patents
Multistage treatment method suitable for river pollution in rural areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN110723809A CN110723809A CN201911080398.3A CN201911080398A CN110723809A CN 110723809 A CN110723809 A CN 110723809A CN 201911080398 A CN201911080398 A CN 201911080398A CN 110723809 A CN110723809 A CN 110723809A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
- C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a multistage treatment method suitable for river pollution in rural areas, wherein multistage composite biological filter walls are arranged in a river channel at intervals, the composite biological filter walls are perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, the composite biological filter walls are laid from the bottom of the river, the top surfaces of the composite biological filter walls are higher than the normal water level of the river, a crushed stone layer, a zeolite layer, a functional filler layer and a coarse sand layer are sequentially laid on the composite biological filter walls from bottom to top, and a gabion net is covered on the composite biological filter walls. Aiming at the characteristics of high nitrogen and phosphorus content, obvious eutrophication trend and the like of rivers in rural areas, the invention creates a multi-stage treatment method which accords with the pollution characteristics of the rural rivers, enriches the waterside sceneries of the rural rivers, creates layout and creates hydrophilic landscape and ornamental experience, has ecological and landscape properties and is suitable for popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of river sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a multistage treatment method suitable for river pollution in rural areas.
Background
In recent years, with the construction of new rural areas, the living standard of farmers in China is greatly improved, and the living conditions are greatly improved. However, in the process of economic development, due to the weak ecological environmental protection consciousness of rural residents and the lack of corresponding treatment measures, various problems also occur in rural river channels, the water pollution of rural rivers is serious due to the random stacking and dumping of domestic waste and the random discharge of domestic sewage, and the problems of water eutrophication, biological diversity loss, water pollution, ecological system damage, ecological function reduction and the like generally occur. According to data, more than 70% of rivers in rural areas of China are polluted to different degrees, comprehensive agricultural production capacity is weakened to a certain extent, the living environment of people is seriously influenced, the safety of drinking water of people is threatened, water shortage is caused in the general water quality of the rural areas, and the healthy and sustainable development of the ecological environment of rivers in the rural areas is prevented, so that the ecological management research of the rural river becomes an important problem to be solved at the present stage.
The traditional river treatment technology at present comprises: (1) drainage and flushing, aeration and reoxygenation, engineering cleaning and the like. However, non-point source pollution and other pollution are difficult to block, most of the means have large engineering quantity, time and labor are wasted in implementation, the economy is not high, and the ecological function of the river is weakened; (2) adding chemical agents. Chemical agents are added into rivers to transform (harmlessly) or solidify pollutants in bottom mud, but the large amount of chemical agents influences the ecological system of the rivers and is high in cost. On the basis, the river ecological restoration technology is developed and rapidly developed, the main task of the river ecological restoration is to restore the artificial river form into a nearly natural river form, and the requirements of the health and sustainability of a river ecological system are considered. Therefore, the treatment technologies such as river ecological landscape reconstruction, microorganism restoration and the like are widely applied.
The invention provides an ecological method suitable for river pollution remediation in rural areas, which takes sewage purification engineering as a leading factor, comprehensively applies biological fillers, strengthens the pollution control technology of the polluted river water body, builds a 'self-owned river' by the principle of combining physical remediation, biological remediation and natural remediation and combining landscape construction and biological habitat construction, fully exerts self-recovery and self-purification capacity of the river by utilizing the natural law of the river, protects the biological diversity of a river basin, has simple and reasonable structure and lower cost, and achieves high unification of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multistage treatment method suitable for river pollution in rural areas, which aims at the characteristics of higher nitrogen and phosphorus content, obvious eutrophication trend and the like of the current rural river channels, creates a clear water filter gallery conforming to the characteristics of the pollution of the rural river channels, enriches the waterside sceneries of the river channels, improves the overall landscape and ecological characteristics of the river channels, enhances the hydrophilic interaction experience, has simple and reasonable structural design, and realizes the ingenious combination of the landscape and the hydrophilicity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a multi-stage treatment method suitable for river pollution in rural areas is characterized in that a multi-stage composite biological filter wall is arranged in a river channel at intervals, the composite biological filter wall is perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, the composite biological filter wall is laid from the bottom of the river, the top surface of the composite biological filter wall is higher than the constant water level of the river, a crushed stone layer, a zeolite layer, a functional filler layer and a coarse sand layer are sequentially laid on the composite biological filter wall from bottom to top, and a gabion net is covered outside the composite biological filter wall;
the functional filler layer is formed by paving a biological filler, wherein the biological filler is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 8 ~ 12 parts of volcanic rock, 8 ~ 15 parts of vermiculite, 5 ~ 10 parts of waste brick blocks, 1.5 ~ 4 parts of an adhesive, 1 ~ 2 parts of a plant growth regulator and 2 ~ 4 parts of water.
Preferably, the biological filler is prepared by the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, respectively drying the volcanic rock, the vermiculite and the waste brick blocks until the water content is not more than 5%, crushing, sieving and uniformly mixing;
(2) and (2) uniformly mixing the product obtained in the step (1) with a binder and a plant growth regulator, granulating by a granulator, and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
Further, the plant growth regulator is one or more than two of sodium naphthylacetate, 6-benzylaminopurine and methyl naphthylacetate.
Preferably, the adhesive is bentonite.
Preferably, the thickness ratio of the crushed stone layer, the zeolite layer, the functional filler layer and the coarse sand layer is 1:1.2 ~ 2:2 ~ 5:0.6 ~ 1.
Preferably, the water-facing side surface of the composite biological filter wall is a slope surface, the backwater side surface of the composite biological filter wall is a vertical surface, the top of the backwater side surface of the composite biological filter wall is provided with overflow weirs, and two ends of each overflow weir are respectively fixed on two banks of a river.
Preferably, the composite biological filter wall is provided with a plank road, a pile foundation for supporting the plank road is inserted into the composite biological filter wall, and the bottom of the pile foundation is fixed at the river bottom.
Preferably, ecological plants are planted on the composite biological filter wall.
Further, the ecological plant is one or a combination of a plurality of eichhornia crassipes, canna, cattail, reed and allium fistulosum.
The invention breaks through the defects of the traditional single river channel treatment technology, such as hardness, landscape property and ecological property lack, and the like, arranges the multi-stage ecological filter walls along the water flow direction, performs high-efficiency and low-consumption ecological purification on rural rivers, and tightly combines the ecological purification with the landscape, thereby realizing the multi-aspect unification of functionality, landscape property and interactivity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the treatment method is designed in multiple stages, can realize the purification effect of high efficiency and low consumption of the water body, has simple and reasonable structural design, and is matched with the pollution characteristics of rural rivers;
2. the functional filler has high porosity and large specific surface area, is convenient for microorganism to form a film, improves the effective adsorption capacity of pollutants, has the function of regulating the growth of plants and has lower cost;
3. the overflow weir enables the upper water surface to present a static lake surface effect, the lower water flow realizes an undercurrent form, the contact area with the filler is increased, and the filtering and adsorbing effects are enhanced;
4. the design of the trestle and the ecological plants not only communicates the two banks of the river, but also adds a small waterfront landscape, and the trestle and the ecological plant have good ecological and functional properties and higher landscape interactivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a floor plan of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the present invention taken along line 1-1;
in the figure, 2 layers of crushed stone, 3 layers of zeolite, 4 layers of functional filler, 5 layers of coarse sand, 6 layers of gabion nets, 7 trestles, 8 ecological plants, 9 overflow weirs and 10 pile foundations.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in figure 1 ~ 2, the multistage treatment method suitable for rural area river pollution is characterized in that multistage composite biological filter walls are arranged in a river channel at intervals, the composite biological filter walls are perpendicular to the water flow direction of the river channel, the composite biological filter walls are laid from the bottom of the river, the top surfaces of the composite biological filter walls are higher than the normal water level of the river, a gravel layer (2), a zeolite layer (3), a functional filler layer (4) and a coarse sand layer (5) are sequentially laid on the composite biological filter walls from bottom to top, the thickness ratio of the gravel layer (2), the zeolite layer (3), the functional filler layer (4) and the coarse sand layer (5) is 1:1.5:4:0.8, a gabion net (6) is arranged on an outer cover of the composite biological filter wall, ecological plants (8) on the composite biological filter walls, the water side surfaces of the composite biological filter walls are slope surfaces, the water side surfaces of the composite biological filter walls are vertical surfaces, overflow weirs (9) are arranged at the tops of the water side surfaces of the composite biological filter walls, two pile foundations (9) are respectively fixed on two opposite side walls, and the composite biological filter walls (7) are inserted into a stack channel (10) and are fixed on the river channel (7).
The functional filler layer (3) is formed by paving biological fillers, and the biological fillers are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of vesuvianite, 12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of waste bricks, 2 parts of adhesive, 1.5 parts of plant growth regulator and 3 parts of water.
Preferably, the biological filler is prepared by the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, respectively drying the volcanic rock, the vermiculite and the waste brick blocks until the water content is not more than 5%, crushing, sieving by a 20-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing;
(2) and (2) uniformly mixing the product obtained in the step (1) with a binder and a plant growth regulator, adding water, granulating by using a granulator (the particle size is 3 cm), and drying to obtain the fertilizer.
Wherein, the plant growth regulator adopts sodium naphthylacetate, and the adhesive adopts bentonite.
The river course rivers are through compound biological filter wall, build the effect of undercurrent wetland, and compound biological filter wall easily hangs the membrane simultaneously, is fit for the microorganism growth, and ecological plant (8) root system can adsorb, absorb and utilize the nutrient substance in the sewage, plays important effect in getting rid of the nitrogen phosphorus aspect in rural sewage to can enrich heavy metal and some poisonous and harmful substance, research shows, the accumulation of pollutant is mainly concentrated on the overground part of plant, so can get rid of the pollutant from the river course system effectively through reaping. Meanwhile, the oxygen delivery function of the root system of the ecological plant (8) promotes the growth and the reproduction of microorganisms in the substrate, which is beneficial to expanding the effective space for purifying sewage, an aerobic environment is formed in the root system area to promote the decomposition of organic matters and the growth of nitrobacteria, while the area where the root system of the plant does not extend can form an anoxic environment, and the coexistence of the aerobic and anoxic areas provides a suitable living environment for the adsorption and metabolism of various microorganisms and provides enough decomposers for system pollutants. Therefore, the sewage is fully purified under the synergistic action of filler adsorption, microbial decomposition, ecological plant (8) absorption and the like under the action of the composite biological filter wall.
On the other hand, the design of the trestle (7) and the ecological plant (8) not only communicates the two banks of the river, but also facilitates the harvesting of the plant, adds a small watershed, enriches the space of the water bank, realizes the high-efficiency low-consumption water purification of the system, and beautifies the rural environment, thereby not only obtaining good nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects, but also obtaining certain economic benefits through harvesting the stem and leaf parts of the trestle, having better landscape and ecological significance, and being suitable for popularization and use.
In order to make the technical purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and those who do not specify a specific technique or condition in the examples follow the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or follow the product specification.
The three-stage composite biological filter wall is built in the river course of a certain village and town in Zhengzhou city, and the ecological plants (8) are canna, reed and cattail respectively; through the three-stage composite biological filter wall, the clarity of the water body at the downstream of the river channel is obviously improved, the sludge amount at the bottom of the river is reduced by more than 50 percent, and the water quality indexes before and after implementation are as follows:
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A multistage treatment method suitable for river pollution in rural areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the composite biological filter wall is laid from the bottom of a river, the top surface of the composite biological filter wall is higher than the constant water level of the river, a gravel layer, a zeolite layer, a functional filler layer and a coarse sand layer are sequentially laid on the composite biological filter wall from bottom to top, and a gabion net is covered on the composite biological filter wall;
the functional filler layer is formed by paving a biological filler, wherein the biological filler is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 8 ~ 12 parts of volcanic rock, 8 ~ 15 parts of vermiculite, 5 ~ 10 parts of waste brick blocks, 1.5 ~ 4 parts of an adhesive, 1 ~ 2 parts of a plant growth regulator and 2 ~ 4 parts of water.
2. The multistage treatment method for river pollution in rural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biological filler is prepared by the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, respectively drying the volcanic rock, the vermiculite and the waste brick blocks until the water content is not more than 5%, crushing, sieving and uniformly mixing;
(2) and (2) uniformly mixing the product obtained in the step (1) with a binder and a plant growth regulator, adding water, granulating by a granulator, and drying to obtain the plant growth regulator.
3. The multistage treatment method for river pollution in rural areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: the plant growth regulator is one or more than two of naphthylacetic acid sodium salt, 6-benzyl aminopurine and naphthylacetic acid methyl ester.
4. The multistage treatment method for river pollution in rural areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: the binder is bentonite.
5. The multi-stage treatment method for river pollution in rural areas according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness ratio of the crushed stone layer, the zeolite layer, the functional filler layer and the coarse sand layer is 1:1.2 ~ 2:2 ~ 5:0.6 ~ 1.
6. The multistage treatment method for river pollution in rural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water-facing side surface of the composite biological filter wall is a slope surface, the back water side surface of the composite biological filter wall is a vertical surface, the top of the back water side surface of the composite biological filter wall is provided with overflow weirs, and two ends of each overflow weir are respectively fixed on two banks of a river.
7. The multistage treatment method for river pollution in rural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composite biological filter wall is provided with a plank road, a pile foundation for supporting the plank road is inserted into the composite biological filter wall, and the bottom of the pile foundation is fixed at the river bottom.
8. The multistage treatment method for river pollution in rural areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: ecological plants are planted on the composite biological filter wall.
9. The multistage treatment method for river pollution in rural areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: the ecological plant is one or a combination of a plurality of eichhornia crassipes, canna, cattail, reed and allium fistulosum.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111333172A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-26 | 盛世生态环境股份有限公司 | Biological affinity type filler and preparation method thereof |
| CN113213671A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-06 | 东珠生态环保股份有限公司 | Desilting method for silt mixed water body |
| CN114249431A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-03-29 | 沈阳环境科学研究院 | Low-carbon breeding drainage multistage in-situ purification structure and purification method thereof |
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| CN103351084A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-10-16 | 郑州大学 | Multi-stage water quality eco-purification system suitable for shallow narrow mixed water river channel |
| CN110002581A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-12 | 浙江融信环保科技有限公司 | A kind of modularization floating wetland |
| CN110042806A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-23 | 浙江融信环保科技有限公司 | A kind of modularization deflector type ecological permeable dam and its construction method |
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| DE4016824A1 (en) * | 1990-05-26 | 1991-01-31 | Mueller Liewig Gmbh | Prodn. of shaped articles from inorganic granules - for use as plant growth substrate |
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| CN202030610U (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2011-11-09 | 江苏省环境科学研究院 | Ecological protection multi-stage filter wall nitrogen and phosphorus removal device for rural surface water head site |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111333172A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-26 | 盛世生态环境股份有限公司 | Biological affinity type filler and preparation method thereof |
| CN113213671A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-06 | 东珠生态环保股份有限公司 | Desilting method for silt mixed water body |
| CN114249431A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-03-29 | 沈阳环境科学研究院 | Low-carbon breeding drainage multistage in-situ purification structure and purification method thereof |
| CN114249431B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-09-26 | 沈阳环境科学研究院 | Multistage in-situ purification structure for low-carbon culture drainage and purification method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200124 |