CN110790388A - Composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland sewage purification system based on functional filler structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
A composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland sewage purification system based on a functional filler structure comprises a tank body, a filler layer, plants, a water distribution system, a water collection system and a water outlet system. The pool body comprises an upstream flow unit pool body and a downstream flow unit pool body; the packing layer is paved with a soil layer, a modified volcanic rock layer, a limestone gravel layer and a coarse gravel layer from top to bottom; the grain diameter of each layer of filler is increased in turn; planting plants in the soil layer; the water distribution system consists of a water inlet valve and a porous water distribution pipe, is arranged between the soil layer and the modified volcanic rock layer and is wrapped by coarse gravel; the water collecting system consists of a porous water collecting pipe, is arranged at the bottom of the upstream unit pool and the downstream unit pool and penetrates through the partition wall, the water outlet system is connected with the porous water distributing pipe through a water outlet pipe and controls the water flow through a water outlet valve, and the bottom of the pool body has a certain gradient. The invention can improve the water quality purification effect and the sewage treatment efficiency, reduce the possibility of the filler being blocked by pollutant substances and improve the service life of the vertical flow artificial wetland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water body environment treatment and water ecological restoration, in particular to a composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland sewage purification system based on a functional filler structure.
Background
The artificial wetland is a marsh-like ground surface constructed artificially, is a comprehensive artificial ecosystem, and is mainly used for deeply treating sewage by utilizing the physical, chemical and biological synergistic effects of soil, filter materials, surface vegetation and microorganisms in the system operation process, and the action mechanisms of the artificial wetland comprise adsorption, detention, filtration, oxidation reduction, precipitation, microbial decomposition and the like. During the operation of the system, microorganisms are a main tool for degrading pollutants in water, most organic matters in the wastewater can be degraded and assimilated to become a part of cells of the wastewater through daily respiratory metabolism of the microorganisms, and a proper filler is selected to play a key role in the attachment and growth of the microorganisms. From the perspective of practical engineering application, the artificial wetland can be divided into a surface flow artificial wetland and an undercurrent artificial wetland according to the wetland water flow mode, wherein the undercurrent artificial wetland can be divided into a horizontal undercurrent artificial wetland and a vertical undercurrent artificial wetland. Different from the surface flow constructed wetland and the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, sewage in the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland vertically flows through the bottom of the filler from the surface of the wetland or vertically flows upwards from the bottom into the surface, the vertical subsurface flow wetland filler bed body is in an unsaturated state, oxygen can enter the interior of the wetland through atmospheric diffusion and plant transmission, and the TN and TP removal capability of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is stronger than that of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland due to the strong reoxygenation capability.
The filler in the vertical flow artificial wetland plays a key role in removing substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus, the traditional filler mainly comprises soil, sand and stone and the like, a layer of biological membrane is formed on the surface of a substrate by depending on the specific surface area of the filler, so that flowing sewage is blocked and intercepted, and the pollutants in a water body are removed by the components contained in the filler through adsorption, precipitation and filtration. However, the traditional vertical flow artificial wetland has the following defects in practical use: 1) the filler has single type and is not easy to form a biofilm, the water quality purification effect is greatly reduced, and the sewage treatment efficiency is reduced; 2) the influence on the filling structure and the particle size of the filler is ignored, so that pollutants are easily accumulated on the filler, the vertical flow artificial wetland is blocked after short-period operation, and the service life of the vertical flow artificial wetland is reduced; 3) the traditional filler is composed of soil, sand and stone and the like, so that the permeability and the air permeability of the filler are poor, and the artificial wetland is not favorable for purifying water quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on a functional filler structure, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art and improving the service life of the wetland purification system while effectively ensuring the removal effect of pollutants.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on a functional filler structure, which comprises the following specific contents:
composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland sewage purification system based on functional filler structure, including upflow unit cell body, downflow unit cell body, plant, its characterized in that: and the filling areas are paved in the upflow unit pool and the downflow unit pool, each filling area comprises a soil layer, a modified volcanic rock layer, a limestone gravel layer and a coarse gravel layer which are paved in a layered mode without intervals from top to bottom, plants are planted on the surface of the soil layer, and each filling area comprises a water distribution system and a water collection system.
Preferably, the bottom of the upflow unit tank body and the downflow unit tank body are provided with slopes with the size of 1.25 to 2.15 percent.
The upflow unit cell body and the downflow unit cell body are separated by a partition wall and the arrangement order is represented by an ordered set: { downward flow unit tank body, upward flow unit tank body,.. multidot., downward flow unit tank body, upward flow unit tank body }.
The total height of the packing region of the downstream unit pool in the ordered pair of < downstream unit pool and upstream unit pool > is higher than that of the packing region of the upstream unit pool.
The total height of the filling area in the upstream flow unit tank body is equal to that of the filling area in the downstream flow unit tank body in the ordered pair of the < upstream flow unit tank body and the downstream flow unit tank body >.
Preferably, the particle sizes of fillers laid by the soil layer, the modified volcanic rock layer, the limestone gravel layer and the coarse gravel layer are increased in sequence.
Preferably, the particle size of gravel laid on the coarse gravel layer is 16-32 mm, the particle size of limestone gravel laid on the limestone gravel layer is 6-12 mm, the particle size of modified volcanic rock laid on the modified volcanic rock layer is 3-5 mm, and the particle size of soil laid on the soil layer is 0.5-1 mm.
Preferably, the water distribution system comprises a porous water distribution pipe, the water collection system comprises a porous water collection pipe, and the porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collection pipe are respectively distributed in parallel according to needs.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: the soil layer, the modified volcanic rock layer, the limestone gravel layer and the coarse gravel layer are sequentially paved in the tank body unit from top to bottom without intervals in a layered mode to form the combined filler, the soil layer is the uppermost layer of the wetland, so that a good growing environment can be provided for plants, the plants can release a certain amount of oxygen to the inside of the wetland, growth of microorganisms is facilitated, and the roots of the plants are also favorable for attachment of the microorganisms. The modified volcanic rock is arranged on the lower portion of the soil layer, has the characteristics of adsorptivity, ion exchange performance, porosity and the like, has a large specific surface area and a large number of pore structures, and is a good place for microorganism adhesion, so that the formation of a biological film is facilitated, the adhesion of the biological film is improved, and the water quality purification effect and the sewage treatment efficiency are greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a design diagram of the composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the open pore of the wetland porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collection pipe;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the open pores of the wetland porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collection pipe;
fig. 4 is a process flow block diagram of the wetland system of the invention.
In fig. 1, 1 is a water inlet valve, 2 is a first water storage tank, 3 is a first coarse gravel filter tank, 4 is a second coarse gravel filter tank, 5 is a second water storage tank, 6 is a first descending tank, 7 is a first ascending tank, 8 is a second descending tank, 9 is a second ascending tank, 10 is a plant, 11 is a first porous water distribution pipe, 12 is a first porous water collection pipe, 13 is an impermeable layer, 14 is a water outlet valve, 15 is soil, 16 is modified volcanic rock, 17 is crushed stone, 18 is coarse gravel, 19 is a tank body, 20 is a second porous water collection pipe, 21 is a second porous water distribution pipe, and 22 is a third porous water distribution pipe.
In FIG. 2, 1-6 show the openings on the porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collection pipe, every two adjacent holes are spaced by 200mm, and the openings are staggered by 90 degrees between the holes on the porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collection pipe.
In fig. 3, the inner diameters of the porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collection pipe are 30mm, and holes are formed on the porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collection pipe in a staggered mode at 90 degrees.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present embodiment provides a composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland sewage purification system based on a functional filler structure, which comprises a tank body unit, a water storage tank, a coarse gravel filter tank, a filler, plants, a water distribution system, a water collection system and a water outlet system.
Pool body (four stages):
the pool body is divided into four chambers (four stages), and the arrangement order can be represented by the following ordered sets:
namely a first downstream unit pool 6, a first upstream unit pool 7, a second downstream unit pool 8 and a second upstream unit pool 9 which are separated in sequence by partition walls. The front end of cell body unit is equipped with first aqua storage tank 2, and the rear end is equipped with second aqua storage tank 5, is equipped with first thick gravel filtering ponds 3 between first aqua storage tank 2 and first pond 6 of going downwards, is equipped with second thick gravel filtering ponds 4 between second aqua storage tank 5 and the second pond 9 of going upwards. The bottom of the pool body 19 is provided with a slope value of 1.39%, so that the water body in the pool body can flow to reduce a dead water area, the risk of blockage of the composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is reduced, the service life of the composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is prolonged, and the removal effect of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body is improved.
A packing layer:
the packing layer in the wetland is a key technology of the artificial wetland and is also the core for ensuring the stable operation of the sewage treatment system. The filler provides good hydraulic conditions for seepage of sewage in the filler, can provide carriers and nutrient substances for aquatic plants, and forms various treatment processes in the wetland into a whole; in addition to supporting the growth of plants, the filler also serves as a reservoir for all organisms and non-organisms in the wetland; while also providing a stable attachment surface for the growth of microorganisms, as well as filtration and promotion of precipitation of suspended solids. In addition, the filler can remove pollutants in the sewage through physical and chemical ways.
The packing layer of the embodiment comprises a soil layer, a modified volcanic rock layer, a limestone gravel layer and a coarse gravel layer which are sequentially laid without intervals from top to bottom. The soil layer is soil 15 with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm, the modified volcanic rock layer is modified volcanic rock 16 with the particle size of 3-5 mm, the limestone gravel layer is limestone broken stone 17 with the particle size of 6-12 mm, the coarse gravel layer is coarse gravel 18 with the particle size of 16-32 mm, and the particle sizes of fillers paved on each layer from top to bottom are increased in sequence. The limestone gravel layer and the coarse gravel layer are in a water-chestnut shape in appearance, smooth in surface and large in particle size, and the large porosity improves the permeability of the bottom of the composite vertical underflow, so that the wetland is not easy to block, the service life is prolonged, and the air permeability is improved, thereby improving the water quality purification effect.
The method comprises the steps of paving a soil layer, a modified volcanic rock layer, a limestone gravel layer and a coarse gravel layer combined filler in a tank body unit from top to bottom in a non-spaced and layered mode in sequence, sequentially reducing the particle size of gravel in the coarse gravel layer, the particle size of limestone gravel in the limestone gravel layer, the particle size of modified volcanic rock in the modified volcanic rock layer and the particle size of soil, filling the filler in a layered mode according to the permeability coefficient of the filler, wherein the particle size of the upper layer is small, so that the permeability coefficient of the filler is small, the filler is filled in the surface layer of a bed body to increase the surface layer water flow resistance, so that short flow caused by overlarge water flow quantity of the surface layer is avoided, meanwhile, the filler with a relatively large permeability coefficient is filled in the bottom layer of the bed body, the water passing capacity of the bottom layer is increased, and the formation of dead zone water flow is avoided, the dissolved oxygen environment of the lower bed body is improved, so that the removal effect of pollutants can be ensured.
Meanwhile, the particle size of each layer of filler is limited, so that the water quality purification effect is ensured, and the blockage caused by pollutants can be prevented to the maximum extent. Meanwhile, the thickness of the soil in all the different flow state unit pools in the embodiment is 10 cm. Specifically, the volume ratio of the volcanic rock layer to the limestone gravel layer in each unit cell body is 1:1, the thickness of the volcanic rock layer and the thickness of the limestone gravel layer in different unit cells can be different, but the sum of the thicknesses of the modified volcanic rock layer and the limestone gravel layer in an upstream unit cell in an ordered pair of a downstream unit cell and an upstream unit cell is ensured to be larger than the sum of the thicknesses of the modified volcanic rock layer and the limestone gravel layer in an upstream unit cell. Under the premise that the height difference of the fillers in the orderly-aligned downstream unit pool and the fillers in the upstream unit pool can ensure that sewage passing through the downstream unit pool has enough power and can flow into the upstream unit pool through the porous water collecting pipes and then flow to the porous water distributing pipes of the upstream unit pool from bottom to top, a small amount of coarse gravels can be arranged below the limestone gravel layers of all the unit pools to form coarse gravel layers, and the specific thickness of the coarse gravel layers in each unit pool body can be set according to actual needs. By limiting the layer thickness relationship among the modified volcanic rock layer, the limestone gravel layer and the coarse gravel layer, the water quality purification effect can be improved.
The total height of the filling layers in the downstream unit pool in the ordered pair of the downstream unit pool and the upstream unit pool is higher than that of the filling layers in the adjacent upstream unit pool through which the downstream flowing through the unit pool flows, and the specific height difference design can meet the requirement that the water in the downstream unit pool has enough power to flow to the upper part of the adjacent upstream unit pool after passing through the porous water collecting pipe.
The total height of the filling material layer in the upstream unit pool in the ordered pair of the upstream unit pool and the downstream unit pool is equal to the total height of the filling material of the adjacent upstream unit pool through which the downstream flowing through the unit pool flows.
Because the flow state of sewage in adjacent tank units of the designed tank body is different, the conversion of the flow state of the downstream and the upstream is realized through the partition wall and the water collecting pipe, and the water quality purification effect is greatly improved.
Plant:
the plant 10 is planted in the soil layer, the plant planted in this embodiment is one or a combination of a plurality of plants selected from green canna, droughhaired bevel herb, reed and the like, and the plurality of plants can be planted in a mixed manner or in a piece manner. The oxygen content in the filler layer can be greatly increased by the plants through releasing oxygen, and the nitrification and denitrification of microorganisms in the seasoning layer are facilitated.
A water distribution system:
the water distribution system consists of a first porous water distribution pipe 11, a second porous water distribution pipe 21 and a third porous water distribution pipe 22, and the porous water distribution pipes are designed as shown in figure 2, so that the risk of blockage in a short period of the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland can be reduced through an opening form as reasonable as possible. The sewage is led in from the water inlet end of the water inlet valve 1, the water outlet end of the water inlet valve 1 is connected with the water inlet end of the porous water distribution pipe 11, the porous water distribution pipe 11 is horizontally arranged between the soil layer and the modified volcanic rock layer, the sewage is discharged from a plurality of water outlet holes of the porous water distribution pipe 11 to the modified volcanic rock layer, and the sewage can uniformly flow through each packing layer by utilizing the porous water distribution pipe 11, so that the sewage treatment efficiency is improved.
A water collecting system:
the water collecting system comprises a first porous water collecting pipe 12 and a second porous water collecting pipe 20, wherein the first porous water collecting pipe and the second porous water collecting pipe are arranged at the bottoms of an upstream unit pool and a downstream unit pool in an ordered pair of the downstream unit pool and the upstream unit pool and penetrate through a partition wall, and the partition wall is used for introducing sewage in the downstream unit pool into the upstream unit pool to realize flow state conversion, so that pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus are removed favorably.
And (3) a water outlet system:
the water outlet system is composed of a water outlet pipe connected with a water distribution pipe, controls the water outlet quantity through a water outlet valve 14, and leads out the water purified by the composite vertical flow artificial wetland.
Wherein, the porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collecting pipe which run through the partition wall can be arranged in parallel according to the requirement so as to ensure that the sewage can flow to the next treatment unit quickly.
In this embodiment, the process flow of sewage treatment is as shown in fig. 4, sewage enters the first water storage tank 1 through the water inlet valve 1, after the first water storage tank is full, the sewage overflows the partition wall and enters the first coarse gravel filtering tank 3, after primary filtering, the sewage enters the first descending tank 6 through the second porous water distribution pipe 21, because of the height difference between the first descending tank 6 and the filler layer in the first ascending tank, the pressure difference formed by the height difference enables the sewage at the bottom of the first descending tank 6 to flow from bottom to top after entering the bottom of the first ascending tank 7 through the second porous water collection pipe 11 for filtering, the sewage flows into the second descending tank 8 through the first porous water distribution pipe 11, after filtering by the filler in the second descending tank 8, the sewage flows into the second ascending tank 9 through the second porous water collection pipe 20, and flows from bottom to top of the second ascending tank 9 under the action of the pressure difference, the pollutants in the circulating sewage are effectively removed, then the water with the pollutants removed flows into the second coarse gravel filter tank 4, flows into the second water storage tank 5 after being filtered again, and is finally discharged through the bottom valve 14, so that the water quality is purified, wherein 13 is an impermeable layer, so that the sewage is prevented from seeping out of the tank body 19, the permeability and the purification performance of the filler are improved due to reasonable layered laying and combination of the modified volcanic rock layer, the limestone gravel layer and the coarse gravel layer, and in addition, the bottom gradient of the designed composite vertical subsurface flow artificial wetland is 1.39 percent, so that the water body in the wetland has certain kinetic energy, the flow of the water body is accelerated, a dead water area is avoided, the blockage of the filler is greatly reduced, the service life of the composite vertical subsurface flow artificial wetland is prolonged, and the pollutants of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body can be well removed.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. Composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland sewage purification system based on functional filler structure, including upflow unit cell body, downflow unit cell body, plant, its characterized in that: and the filling areas are paved in the upflow unit pool and the downflow unit pool, each filling area comprises a soil layer, a modified volcanic rock layer, a limestone gravel layer and a coarse gravel layer which are paved in a layered mode without intervals from top to bottom, plants are planted on the surface of the soil layer, and each filling area comprises a water distribution system and a water collection system.
2. The composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on the functional filler structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the upward flow unit tank body and the bottom of the downward flow unit tank body are provided with slopes with the size of 1.25-2.15%.
3. The composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on the functional filler structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upflow unit cell body and the downflow unit cell body are separated by a partition wall and the arrangement order is represented by an ordered set: { downward flow unit tank body, upward flow unit tank body,.. multidot., downward flow unit tank body, upward flow unit tank body }.
4. The composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on the functional filler structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the total height of the packing region of the downstream unit pool in the ordered pair of < downstream unit pool and upstream unit pool > is higher than that of the packing region of the upstream unit pool.
5. The composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on the functional filler structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the total height of the filling area in the upstream flow unit tank body is equal to that of the filling area in the downstream flow unit tank body in the ordered pair of the < upstream flow unit tank body and the downstream flow unit tank body >.
6. The composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on the functional filler structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle sizes of fillers paved on the soil layer, the modified volcanic rock layer, the limestone gravel layer and the coarse gravel layer are sequentially increased.
7. The composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on the functional filler structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the particle size of gravel laid on the coarse gravel layer is 16-32 mm, the particle size of limestone gravel laid on the limestone gravel layer is 6-12 mm, the particle size of modified volcanic rock laid on the modified volcanic rock layer is 3-5 mm, and the particle size of soil laid on the soil layer is 0.5-1 mm.
8. The composite vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland purification system based on the functional filler structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water distribution system comprises a porous water distribution pipe, the water collection system comprises a porous water collection pipe, and the porous water distribution pipe and the porous water collection pipe are respectively arranged in parallel as required.
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