CN112844449B - 一种PdO-CeO2-OMS纤维膜催化剂的制备方法及在汽车尾气中的应用 - Google Patents
一种PdO-CeO2-OMS纤维膜催化剂的制备方法及在汽车尾气中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112844449B CN112844449B CN201911182054.3A CN201911182054A CN112844449B CN 112844449 B CN112844449 B CN 112844449B CN 201911182054 A CN201911182054 A CN 201911182054A CN 112844449 B CN112844449 B CN 112844449B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical group [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical group [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical group Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical group [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium superoxide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][O-] XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001759 cerium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZNLKYXLARXFY-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);oxalate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZMZNLKYXLARXFY-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- JQPTYAILLJKUCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pd+2] JQPTYAILLJKUCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AZMQGJINSTTZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-J manganese(2+);disulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O AZMQGJINSTTZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 101100520094 Methanosarcina acetivorans (strain ATCC 35395 / DSM 2834 / JCM 12185 / C2A) pcm2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 102100033422 Pericentriolar material 1 protein Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101710095344 Pericentriolar material 1 protein Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012695 Ce precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- SYBFKRWZBUQDGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Cu++] SYBFKRWZBUQDGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019633 pungent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/16—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
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Abstract
本发明提供一种PdO‑CeO2‑OMS纤维膜催化剂的制备方法及在汽车尾气中的应用,以OMS氧化锰纤维作为主体,通过化学沉积和贵金属负载技术形成氧化物纤维膜催化剂,成功实现PdO‑CeO2与OMS的界面复合并保持原有微观纤维形貌,有助于催化剂在实际使用中的填充和更换,符合产品后续商业化的特性。将其应用于污染气体NO的消除应用中,并且模拟发动机中含有CO和NO的成分,利用CO原位还原NO实现CO2和N2的绿色排放,催化性能的表现为转化率78‑99%,对于N2的选择性是80‑99%,显示出优异的商业化潜质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车尾气中CO和NO的环保消除领域,具体涉及一种PdO-CeO2-OMS纤维膜催化剂的制备方法及汽车尾气中NO和CO的消除应用。
背景技术
我国将于2020年7月起执行“国六”排放标准,其中明确提到改进提高催化转化器中的催化剂,提高有害物质的转化,要求升级现有汽车排放标准。普遍而言,柴油车由于其热效率高、经济性好、二氧化碳排放量低等优势在大型车辆和经济型车辆中广泛应用。但同时也产生严重的污染。近几年中国雾霾天气的出现天数不断增加,研究认为尾气中的PM 是形成雾霾的一个重要原因。NOx是氮氧化物NO、NO2、N2O、N2O2等的总称,柴油机排放的氮氧化物主要是NO和NO2。NO是一种无色无味的气体,毒性不大,在空气中能生成NO2,而NO2是红棕色有强烈刺激味。在光作用下会与HC发生光化学反应形成二次污染,酸雨和光化学烟雾等大气污染问题与它们密切相关。CO是一种有毒气体,吸入少量气体就会使人中毒甚至死亡。所以控制并减少汽车尾气中的NOx和CO是当前亟需解决的环境问题。
目前,汽车尾气催化净化催化剂主要有贵金属催化剂、低共熔点催化剂及多组分复合氧化物催化剂等。普遍认为贵金属催化剂具有良好的低温活性,但其缺点也是尤为突出的,容易硫中毒而失活,高温稳定性差;低共熔点催化剂由于高温会熔化,导致容易流动,并且因为碱金属碱性强而带来稳定性差、易腐蚀保护陶瓷等缺点。多组分复合氧化物催化剂以钙钛矿或尖晶石结构催化剂为主,这类催化剂机械强度高、热稳定性好、价格低廉,多用于烟碳燃烧反应中,功能应用窗口窄。
CN105214720B中提到一种用于机动车尾气NOx消除的分子筛催化剂的制备方法,其中存在分子筛与活性组分分开制备的缺点,容易造成分子筛孔道坍塌,活性组分失活的问题,从而导致催化剂成品率低,难以实现大规模生产。CN106179395B中提到一种高性能CO氧化和NOx消除储氧铜锰氧化物催化剂,其催化剂没有固定形貌,通常使用粉体催化剂在应用时的涂覆是一个难题。CN102000582A中提到一种抗硫La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xFexO3钙钛矿催化剂的制备方法及应用。所述的制备方法包括:将La、Sr、Co和Fe的硝酸盐混合后,用柠檬酸和EDTA为络合剂,调节pH值为8~10,成溶胶后经干燥、焙烧、研磨、筛分制得钙钛矿催化剂。其对于NOx的转化偏低,并且没有给出催化剂稳定性。
CN103769113A中提到一种Fe2O3/CeO2/Ti0.5Sn0.5O2的负载二元金属氧化物纳米催化剂及其制备方法。催化剂并非二元应该属于至少三元催化剂,催化剂已经没有特别形貌,主要是粉体状态不利于后续应用,并且此催化剂反应性能较低。CeO2中存在Ce3+与Ce4+价态转换,所以拥有良好的储放氧能力,是三效催化剂(three-way catalysts,TWC)储氧的主要成分。但其热稳定较差,在高温条件下易烧结,从而造成储放氧能力的丧失。
发明内容
本发明目的是通过一种易于工业生产的方式制备PdO-CeO2-OMS纤维膜催化剂,实现汽车尾气中CO和NO的同时消除,生成无害的CO2和N2。
本发明一方面提供一种PdO-CeO2-OMS纤维膜催化剂,所述纤维膜催化剂为负载型催化剂,包括活性组分和载体;所述载体采用氧化锰八面体分子筛为纤维载体;稀土金属铈的氧化物(氧化铈)为活性组分和贵金属钯的氧化物(氧化钯)为活性调控组分,所述纤维膜催化剂中,氧化铈的质量分数为1%-80%,氧化钯的质量分数为0.1%-10%。
基于以上技术方案,所述纳氧化锰八面体分子筛为纳米纤维结构;所述纳米纤维的的长度为50nm-1000μm。
本发明还提供一种上述纤维膜催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)OMS制备:将钾盐、锰盐、过氧化物混合形成溶液A,将混合溶A置于反应釜中,并在烘箱中温度100℃~300℃间,保持反应12h~72h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维(OMS);所述钾盐、锰盐、过氧化物的质量比为1~100:1:1~100;
(2)CeO2-OMS制备:将所述氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维超声分散在水溶液中,然后加入铈盐,得到混合溶液B,将混合溶液B于20℃~90℃下搅拌0.5h~5h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到CeO2-OMS材料;所述铈前驱体与与氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维的质量比为 0.01~20:1;
(3)PdO-CeO2-OMS制备:取CeO2-OMS材料超声分散于水溶液中,加入钯盐0℃- 室温下搅拌1-5h,然后加入还原剂再搅拌1-5h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到所述纤维膜催化剂;所述钯盐与CeO2-OMS材料的质量比为0.001~0.1:1,所述还原剂与钯盐的质量比为 100~1:1。
基于以上技术方案,优选的,所述钾盐为硝酸钾、氯化钾、醋酸钾、硫酸钾等含钾无机盐,所述锰盐为硫酸锰、硝酸锰、氯化锰、醋酸锰、硫酸锰等含锰无机盐,所述过氧化物为双氧水、过硫酸钾、过氧化钾、过硫化钠。
基于以上技术方案,优选的,所述钯盐为氯化钯、醋酸钯、硫酸钯、硝酸钯等;所述还原剂为NaBH4、水合肼、柠檬酸、甲醛。。
基于以上技术方案,优选的,所述铈盐为硝酸铈、硫酸铈、醋酸铈、草酸铈等。
本发明还提供一种上述PdO-CeO2-OMS纤维膜催化剂在模拟汽车尾气中NO和CO的消除中的应用,所述应用中,CO的转化率在75%以上,NO的转化率在80%以上,NO对 N2选择性在80%以上。
基于以上技术方案,优选的向所述尾气中加入SO2和H2O等尾气中常见气体,所述尾气中,SO2含量为20ppm-1000ppm,H2O的含量为1%-20%体积浓度,催化剂显示出优异抗中毒特性,的CO和NO的转化率都保持在80%以上,NO对N2选择性保持在90%以上。
有益效果
1、本发明催化剂为自支撑纤维膜材料,通过化学沉积和贵金属负载技术形成氧化物纤维膜催化剂,成功实现PdO-CeO2与OMS的界面复合并保持原有微观纤维形貌,有助于催化剂在实际使用中的填充和更换,易填充于管式陶瓷中利于实际应用,符合产品后续商业化的特性。
2、本发明将PdO和CeO2纳米级分散在OMS纤维表面,既保证了催化高活性,又增强的催化剂的稳定性。PdO和CeO2提供了活性保障,而OMS纤维由于其形貌使活性组分难以聚合烧结。
3、本发明克服了CeO2的易烧结缺点和耐高温氧化锰材料结合,CeO2与OMS的外延生长型复合使CeO2难以聚合,牢固固定在OMS纤维表面,并且氧化锰本身耐高温出色又具有价态变化特性,为充分发挥储放氧能力和电子迁移能力提供了材料基础。
4、本发明在实际的CO和NO同时消除中,将有害气体转化为无害的CO2和N2,并且在通入SO2和H2O的情况下,催化性能稳定,没有失活和中毒情况发生,具有优异的抗中毒性能,适于工业应用。
5、本发明制备方法简单,反应条件温和,原料廉价易得,使用无毒的氧化锰作为载体,是一种环境友好的绿色催化剂。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的PCM-1、PCM-2、PCM-3催化剂的物相XRD图。
图2为本发明制备的PCM-2催化剂的微观形貌TEM图。
图3为本发明制备的PCM-2催化剂纤维膜和物料填充图。
图4为本发明制备的PCM-1催化剂在CO+NO尾气模拟气中CO转化率、NO转化率和NO对于N2的选择性图。
图5为本发明制备的PCM-2催化剂在CO+NO尾气模拟气中CO转化率、NO转化率和NO对于N2的选择性图。
图6为本发明制备的PCM-3催化剂在CO+NO尾气模拟气中CO转化率、NO转化率和NO对于N2的选择性图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将硝酸钾、硫酸锰、过硫酸钠分别按3g、1g、5g的质量混合形成溶液,然后将混合溶液置于反应釜中,并在烘箱中温度设置100℃,保持12h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维OMS。
(2)将(1)1gOMS超声分散在水溶液中,然后与OMS的质量比为8:1,加入硝酸铈8g,将混合溶液在40℃下水浴加热2h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到CeO2-OMS材料。
(3)取(2)1g材料超声分散于水溶液中,加入氯化钯0.005g,然后用0.015gNaBH4还原,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到0.5%PdO-80%CeO2-19.5%OMS,记做PCM-1。经过测试,其比表面积约为42m2/g。
实施例2
(1)将硝酸钾、硫酸锰、过硫酸钠分别按3g、1g、5g的质量混合形成溶液,然后将混合溶液置于反应釜中,并在烘箱中温度设置100℃,保持12h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维OMS。
(2)将(1)1gOMS超声分散在水溶液中,然后与OMS的质量比为2:1,加入硝酸铈2g加入硝酸铈,将混合溶液在40℃下水浴加热2h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到CeO2-OMS 材料。
(3)取1g(2)材料超声分散于水溶液中,加入氯化钯0.005g,然后用0.015g甲醛还原加入氯化钯,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到0.5%PdO-65%CeO2-34.5%OMS,记做PCM-2。经过测试,其比表面积约为48m2/g。
图2为本发明制备的PCM-2催化剂的微观形貌TEM图;从图中可以看出,PdO和 CeO2是3-5nm的颗粒负载在长度长于100nm的OMS纤维表面。PdO和CeO2是以纳米颗粒状态分散在OMS纤维材料表面,与发明内容一致。
图3为本发明制备的PCM-2催化剂纤维膜和物料填充图;从图中可以看出,本发明得到以OMS为载体的纤维膜催化剂能够成膜,可以随意裁剪,材料韧性好,方便在气体经过截面处填充。
实施例3
(1)将硝酸钾、硫酸锰、过硫酸钠分别按3g、1g、5g的质量混合形成溶液,然后将混合溶液置于反应釜中,并在烘箱中温度设置100℃,保持12h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维OMS。
(2)将(1)1gOMS超声分散在水溶液中,然后与OMS的质量比为0.5:1,加入硝酸铈0.5g加入硝酸铈,形成混合溶液在40℃下水浴加热2h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到 CeO2-OMS材料。
(3)取(2)材料超声分散于水溶液中,加入氯化钯0.005g,然后用0.015g柠檬酸钠还原加入氯化钯,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到0.5%PdO-30%CeO2-69.5%OMS,记做PCM-3。经过测试,其比表面积约为54m2/g。
从实施例1-3的XRD图可以看到,CeO2的峰型再减弱,OMS的峰型再增强,说明通过控制CeO2的加入量能够调整催化剂的微观结构,有利于按实际需求调整催化剂来满足不同性能要求。
实施例4
将实施例1催化剂PCM-1自沉淀成膜,填充于石英管式反应炉中,气氛采用模拟汽车尾气含有CO和NO,利用CO还原NO得到CO2和NO;反应采用程序升温控制技术评价催化剂在150℃~400℃间的催化活性,管式炉直径为5cm,气体流速为30mL/min。300℃时,NO的转化率达到100%,CO转化率达到99%,NO对于N2的选择性达到99%。稳定性测试24小时没有性能减弱。
实施例5
将实施例2催化剂PCM-2自沉淀成膜,填充于石英管式反应炉中,气氛采用模拟汽车尾气含有CO和NO,利用CO还原NO得到CO2和NO;反应采用程序升温控制技术评价催化剂在150℃~400℃间的催化活性,管式炉直径为5cm,气体流速为30mL/min。300℃时,NO的转化率达到100%,CO转化率达到99%,NO对于N2的选择性达到99%。稳定性测试24小时没有性能减弱。
实施例6
将实施例3催化剂PCM-3自沉淀成膜,填充于石英管式反应炉中,气氛采用模拟汽车尾气含有CO和NO,利用CO还原NO得到CO2和NO;反应采用程序升温控制技术评价催化剂在150℃~400℃间的催化活性,管式炉直径为5cm,气体流速为30mL/min。350℃时,NO的转化率达到94%,CO转化率达到78%,NO对于N2的选择性达到91%。稳定性测试24小时没有性能减弱。
实施例7
将实施例2催化剂PCM-2自沉淀成膜,填充于石英管式反应炉中,气氛采用模拟汽车尾气含有CO和NO并通入SO2和水汽,利用CO还原NO得到CO2和NO,并检测抗中毒能力;反应采用程序升温控制技术评价催化剂在150℃~400℃间的催化活性,管式炉直径为5cm,气体流速为30mL/min。300℃时,在含有100ppmSO2和5%水汽的情况下NO 的转化率达到100%,CO转化率达到95%,NO对于N2的选择性达到97%。稳定性测试 24小时没有性能减弱。
对比例1
将CeO2作为催化剂,填充于石英管式反应炉中,气氛采用模拟汽车尾气含有CO和NO,利用CO还原NO得到CO2和NO;反应采用程序升温控制技术评价催化剂在 150℃~400℃间的催化活性,管式炉直径为5cm,气体流速为30mL/min。400℃时,NO 的转化率达到64%,CO转化率达到58%,NO对于N2的选择性为71%。
对比例2
将OMS作为催化剂,填充于石英管式反应炉中,气氛采用模拟汽车尾气含有CO和NO,利用CO还原NO得到CO2和NO;反应采用程序升温控制技术评价催化剂在 150℃~400℃间的催化活性,管式炉直径为5cm,气体流速为30mL/min。300℃时,NO 的转化率达到63%,CO转化率达到65%,NO对于N2的选择性为41%。
对比例3
将CeO2和OMS机械混合作为催化剂,填充于石英管式反应炉中,气氛采用模拟汽车尾气含有CO和NO,利用CO还原NO得到CO2和NO;反应采用程序升温控制技术评价催化剂在150℃~400℃间的催化活性,管式炉直径为5cm,气体流速为30mL/min。350℃时,NO的转化率达到73%,CO转化率达到75%,NO对于N2的选择性为81%。
Claims (7)
1.一种纤维膜催化剂在汽车尾气中NO和CO的同时消除中的应用,其特征在于;所述纤维膜催化剂为负载型催化剂,包括活性组分和载体;所述载体为氧化锰八面体分子筛;所述活性组分为氧化铈和氧化钯,所述纤维膜催化剂中,氧化铈的质量分数为1%-80%,氧化钯的质量分数为0.1%-10%;
所述纤维膜催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)OMS制备:将钾盐、锰盐、过氧化物混合形成溶液A,将混合溶A置于反应釜中,于100℃~300℃反应12h~72h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维(OMS);所述钾盐、锰盐、过氧化物的质量比为1~100:1:1~100;
(2)CeO2-OMS制备:将所述氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维超声分散在水溶液中,然后加入铈盐,得到混合溶液B,将混合溶液B于20℃~90℃下搅拌0.5h~5h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到CeO2-OMS材料;所述铈盐与氧化锰八面体分子筛纳米纤维的质量比为0.01~20:1;
(3)PdO-CeO2-OMS制备:取CeO2-OMS材料超声分散于水溶液中,加入钯盐0℃-25℃下搅拌1-5h,然后加入还原剂再搅拌1-5h,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到所述纤维膜催化剂;所述钯盐与CeO2-OMS材料的质量比为0.001~0.1:1,所述还原剂与钯盐的质量比为3:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维膜催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述PdO和CeO2的粒径为2-200nm,所述氧化锰八面体分子筛为纳米纤维结构;所述纳米纤维的长度为50nm-1000µm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维膜催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述钾盐为硝酸钾、氯化钾、醋酸钾、硫酸钾含钾无机盐,所述锰盐为硫酸锰、硝酸锰、氯化锰、醋酸锰、硫酸锰含锰无机盐,所述过氧化物为双氧水、过硫酸钾、过氧化钾、过硫化钠。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纤维膜催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述钯盐为氯化钯、醋酸钯、硫酸钯、硝酸钯;所述还原剂为NaBH4、水合肼、柠檬酸、甲醛。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纤维膜催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述铈盐为硝酸铈、硫酸铈、醋酸铈、草酸铈。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纤维膜催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述应用中,CO的转化率在75%以上,NO的转化率在80%以上,NO对N2选择性在80%以上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纤维膜催化剂的应用,其特征在于,向所述尾气中加入SO2和H2O,所述尾气中,SO2含量为20ppm-1000ppm,H2O的体积浓度为1%-20%,CO和NO的转化率都保持在80%以上,NO对N2选择性保持在90%以上。
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