CN112829408B - 一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112829408B CN112829408B CN202110075536.XA CN202110075536A CN112829408B CN 112829408 B CN112829408 B CN 112829408B CN 202110075536 A CN202110075536 A CN 202110075536A CN 112829408 B CN112829408 B CN 112829408B
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- polyvinylidene fluoride
- clogging
- prepared
- woven fabric
- aging
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,通过以聚丙烯合成纤维和玻璃纤维混料针刺无纺织物以及聚酯机织布为基材,通过浸轧法将改性聚偏氟乙烯乳液均匀涂覆在无纺织物上形成微米量级的微孔膜,有效截取细小的砂石废渣颗粒物,防止其外泄,同时提高复合土工布的滤水通量,防止其淤堵,其中聚偏氟乙烯乳液合成过程中加入氧化石墨烯,氧化石墨烯对乳液的亲水改性显著,滤水通量也大大提升,并且大量的含氧基团也降低乳液成膜的膜阻力,污染物质不易在其表面及膜孔内沉积,有利于膜抗污染性能的提高以及维持稳定的渗透率,降低淤堵的情况发生,同时添加紫外线屏蔽剂纳米TiO2,赋予了复合土工布优异的抗老化功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于土工布制备技术领域,涉及一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法。
背景技术
土工布在土坝、堤防、减压井、尾矿库、路基、地下抗浮结构等工程设施中常作为反滤材料,以起到滤水护土的作用。反滤,又称过滤、渗滤或倒滤,在工程上是指在允许液体通过的同时,保持受渗透压力作用的土粒不流失。对于反滤材料的选择一般有两个方面的要求:一是要保土,即要求被保护土体中的颗粒不得透过反滤层,否则将造成土颗粒大量流失发生管涌现象;二是要透水,即要求水体能顺利排出。然而土工布在长期使用中的淤堵问题以及如何防治淤堵是一大难题。
发明专利CN106906538一种聚丙烯长丝、聚丙烯长丝针刺反滤土工布及制备方法公开该聚丙烯长丝针刺反滤土工布包括两层不同细度的纤维网,形成两级反滤,其等效孔径大,不易淤堵,且能够有效的起到反滤作用,其耐酸碱性强,在PH值2-13的条件下,不受任何影响,其力学性能优异,纵横向强度达到15kN/m,因此适用于高速公路反滤层。但是该聚丙烯长丝针刺反滤土工布同时暴露诸多不足,其一聚丙烯长丝无弹性和自适应变形能力,难以适应工程中的微小形变,长期使用易出现淤堵、开裂等不良现象,其二聚丙烯材料的抗紫外老化性能较差,限制了其应用环境。
发明内容
为了克服上述的技术问题,本发明提供一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法。
本发明要解决的技术问题:
聚丙烯纤维无弹性和自适应变形能力,难以适应工程中的微小形变,长期使用易出现淤堵、开裂等不良现象,并且聚丙烯材料固有的抗紫外老化性能较差,限制了其应用场所。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤A1,将聚丙烯、玻璃纤维和改性硫酸钙晶须均匀混合后,送入螺杆挤出机,经熔融、挤压后,转入纺丝箱体,由纺丝箱体的喷丝孔喷出,经侧风机进行冷却,冷却后的丝束再经管式牵伸器进行气流牵伸达到均匀分丝,长丝在侧吹气流控制下均匀铺放在凝网帘上,经预压辊输出至针刺机,形成的长丝纤网经预针刺、主针刺加固后,制得高强度聚丙烯无纺布;
步骤A2,用去离子水对步骤A1制备的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行超声清洗10-20分钟,采用浸轧法,以TiO2/GO/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液对清洗后的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行后整理,后整理完成后,将其放入烘箱中,在80-100℃下烘30-40分钟后取出,再用去离子水清洗2-3次,自然晾干后制得高强度抗老化无纺布;
步骤A3,将聚酯纤维通过纺织机进行织布,制成机织坯布;
步骤A4,将步骤A2制备的高强度抗老化无纺布置于下层和上层,机织坯布置于中层,通过热压贴合,控制热压的压力为80-200Kgf,热压的温度为100-220℃,热压的时间为1-5min,制得高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布。
进一步,步骤A1所述的步骤A1所述的聚丙烯、玻璃纤维、改性硫酸钙晶须的重量份为:聚丙烯20-30份、玻璃纤维10-15份、改性硫酸钙晶须4-6份,螺杆挤出机的各段加热温度分别为160℃、180℃、200℃、210℃,螺杆转速为70-90rpm;步骤A2所述的浸轧工艺为浴比1:25,浸泡温度25℃,浸泡时间3分钟,轧辊压力0.2MPa;步骤A3所述的聚酯纤维的重量份为20-25份。
进一步,所述的改性硫酸钙晶须由如下步骤制成:
将钛酸酯偶联剂加入三口烧瓶中并添加丙酮稀释,再将硫酸钙晶须加入烧瓶内,加热至70℃,冷凝、回流、磁力搅拌5-7小时,反应结束后,对产物进行抽滤、抽滤后的滤饼用乙醇溶液洗涤两次后,将产物置于真空干燥箱内,50-60℃干燥12-16小时,制得改性硫酸钙晶须。
进一步,所述的钛酸酯偶联剂、丙酮、硫酸钙晶须的用量比为4-6g:20-30mL:10-15g,搅拌速率为200-220rpm,乙醇溶液的用量为20-30mL,乙醇溶液的质量分数为40%。
进一步,所述的TiO2/氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液由如下步骤制成:
步骤S1,将改性聚偏氟乙烯、氧化石墨烯置于70℃真空烘箱干燥12-15小时,备用;
步骤S2,将步骤S1制备的氧化石墨烯分散在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,超声处理8-10小时,制得氧化石墨烯分散液;
步骤S3,将纳米TiO2分散在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,超声处理4-6小时,制得纳米TiO2分散液;
步骤S4,将步骤S1制备的改性聚偏氟乙烯和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮搅拌溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,控制反应温度为65℃,反应3小时,制得聚偏氟乙烯乳液,向聚偏氟乙烯乳液中加入步骤S2制备的氧化石墨烯分散液和步骤S3制备的纳米TiO2分散液,超声处理0.5-1小时,制得TiO2/氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液;
进一步,步骤S2所述的氧化石墨烯和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的用量比为4mg:30-50mL,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为70%,步骤S3所述的纳米TiO2和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的用量比为0.30-0.45g:25-35mL,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为40-50%,步骤S4所述的改性聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液、氧化石墨烯分散液和纳米TiO2分散液的用量比为3-5g:1-1.5g:50-70mL:5-8mL:10-12mL,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为20-30%。
进一步,所述的纳米TiO2由如下步骤制成:
步骤C1,将四氯化钛加入高压反应釜中,加入3,5-二甲基哌啶、KH-570和去离子水搅拌混合0.5小时,然后将反应釜放在温度设定为170℃的烘箱加热3-4天,随后取出反应釜自然冷却到室温,制得产物;
步骤C2,将产物通过离心分离20分钟,将沉淀物分散在无水乙醇中超声振荡10-20分钟后,置于真空干燥箱内,60-70℃条件下干燥5-6小时,制得纳米TiO2,其中通过溶剂热法合成的TiO2纳米颗粒结晶性提高,在紫外光谱区有更强的吸收,且表面经硅烷偶联剂表面修饰的纳米TiO2,在聚偏氟乙烯乳液中具有良好的分散性,未发生明显的团聚现象。经紫外可见光谱的测试,加入纳米
进一步,步骤C1所述的四氯化钛、3,5-二甲基哌啶、KH-570和去离子水的用量比为1.2-1.32mmol:20.12-20.55mol:6-7mg:55.56-60mmol,步骤C2所述的无水乙醇的用量为20-30mL。
进一步,所述的改性聚偏氟乙烯由如下步骤制成:
步骤D1,取聚偏氟乙烯于烧瓶中,加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮,搅拌混合后,在氮气气氛中加入四乙基氢氧化铵溶液,加热30分钟后升温至110℃,保温10分钟,制得聚偏氟乙烯溶液;
步骤D2,在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中先后加入丙烯酸和过氧化苯甲酰,搅拌混合,向混合液中加入步骤D1制备的聚偏氟乙烯溶液,控制反应温度为70℃下反应30-40分钟,待反应结束后,用去离子水洗涤产物2-3次,再用无水乙醇抽提18-24小时除去未反应的丙烯酸,抽提后,将其放入70-80℃真空烘箱中干燥8-12小时,制得改性聚偏氟乙烯。
进一步,步骤D1所述的聚偏氟乙烯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四乙基氢氧化铵溶液的用量比为3-5g:15-30mL:2-4mL,四乙基氢氧化铵溶液浓度为每100mL无水甲醇中加入3mL四乙基氢氧化铵,步骤D2所述的N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸、过氧化苯甲酰、聚偏氟乙烯溶液的用量为15-20mL:2-4g:9-12mg:8-10mL。
本发明的有益效果:本发明的目的在于提供一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,通过以聚丙烯合成纤维和玻璃纤维混料针刺无纺织物以及聚酯机织布为基材,通过浸轧法将改性聚偏氟乙烯乳液均匀涂覆在无纺织物上形成微米量级的微孔膜,有效截取细小的砂石废渣颗粒物,防止其外泄,同时提高复合土工布的滤水通量,防止其淤堵,其中聚偏氟乙烯乳液合成过程中加入氧化石墨烯,氧化石墨烯的亲水性转移至乳液表面,其含氧基团O-C=O、C=O以及C-O的覆盖率达到30.2%,接触角降低到35.6°,表明氧化石墨烯对乳液的亲水改性显著,滤水通量也大大提升,并且大量的含氧基团也降低乳液成膜的膜阻力,污染物质不易在其表面及膜孔内沉积,有利于膜抗污染性能的提高以及维持稳定的渗透率,降低了淤堵的情况发生;此外,添加改性硫酸钙晶须和玻璃纤维,显著提高复合土工布的力学性能,其纵横强度达到49kN/m,添加性能优异的紫外线屏蔽剂纳米TiO2,不仅能够将进入聚合物内部的紫外线散射掉,而且也可以通过吸收紫外光能量以热或荧光的形式释放,避免高能的紫外光对聚合物的分子链造成的破坏,同时对低可见光具有散射性,在保持聚合物材料透明性的同时赋予了复合土工布抗老化功能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
改性硫酸钙晶须由如下步骤制成:
将5g钛酸酯偶联剂加入三口烧瓶中并添加25mL丙酮稀释,再将10g硫酸钙晶须加入烧瓶内,加热至70℃,冷凝、回流、磁力搅拌7小时,反应结束后,对产物进行抽滤、抽滤后的滤饼用30mL乙醇溶液洗涤两次后,将产物置于真空干燥箱内,50℃干燥14小时,制得改性硫酸钙晶须。
实施例2
纳米TiO2由如下步骤制成:
步骤C1,将1.25mmol四氯化钛加入高压反应釜中,加入20.3mmol3,5-二甲基哌啶、6.5mgKH-570和60mmol去离子水搅拌混合0.5小时,然后将反应釜放在温度设定为170℃的烘箱加热4天,随后取出反应釜自然冷却到室温,制得产物;
步骤C2,将产物通过离心分离20分钟,将沉淀物分散在20ml无水乙醇中超声振荡10-20分钟后,置于真空干燥箱内,60-70℃条件下干燥5-6小时,制得纳米TiO2。
实施例3
改性聚偏氟乙烯由如下步骤制成:
步骤D1,取3g聚偏氟乙烯于烧瓶中,加入20mLN-甲基吡咯烷酮,搅拌混合后,在氮气气氛中加入2mL四乙基氢氧化铵溶液,加热30分钟后升温至110℃,保温10分钟,制得聚偏氟乙烯溶液;
步骤D2,在15mLN-甲基吡咯烷酮中先后加入2g丙烯酸和10mg过氧化苯甲酰,搅拌混合,向混合液中加入8mL步骤D1制备的聚偏氟乙烯溶液,控制反应温度为70℃下反应30分钟,待反应结束后,用去离子水洗涤产物3次,再用无水乙醇抽提24小时除去未反应的丙烯酸,抽提后,将其放入75℃真空烘箱中干燥10小时,制得改性聚偏氟乙烯。
实施例4
TiO2/氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液由如下步骤制成:
步骤S1,将改性聚偏氟乙烯、氧化石墨烯置于70℃真空烘箱干燥12小时,备用;
步骤S2,将4mg步骤S1制备的氧化石墨烯分散在30mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,超声处理9小时,制得氧化石墨烯分散液,其中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为70%;
步骤S3,将0.35g纳米TiO2分散在30mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,超声处理5小时,制得纳米TiO2分散液,其中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为50%;
步骤S4,将4g步骤S1制备的改性聚偏氟乙烯和1.2g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮搅拌溶解在50mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,控制反应温度为65℃,反应3小时,制得聚偏氟乙烯乳液,向聚偏氟乙烯乳液中加入5mL步骤S2制备的氧化石墨烯分散液和10mL步骤S3制备的纳米TiO2分散液,超声处理0.5小时,制得TiO2/氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液。
实施例5
一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤A1,将20份聚丙烯、10份玻璃纤维、4份改性硫酸钙晶须均匀混合后,送入螺杆挤出机,经熔融、挤压后,转入纺丝箱体,由纺丝箱体的喷丝孔喷出,经侧风机进行冷却,冷却后的丝束再经管式牵伸器进行气流牵伸达到均匀分丝,长丝在侧吹气流控制下均匀铺放在凝网帘上,经预压辊输出至针刺机,形成的长丝,纤网经预针刺、主针刺加固后,制得高强度聚丙烯土工布,其中,螺杆挤出机的各段加热温度分别为160℃、180℃、200℃、210℃,螺杆转速为70rpm;
步骤A2,用去离子水对步骤A1制备的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行超声清洗20分钟,采用浸轧法,以TiO2/GO/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液对清洗后的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行后整理,后整理完成后,将其放入烘箱中,在80℃下烘40分钟后取出,再用去离子水清洗2次,自然晾干后制得高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布,其中浸轧工艺为浴比1:25,浸泡温度25℃,浸泡时间3分钟,轧辊压力0.2MPa;
步骤A3,将20份聚酯纤维通过纺织机进行织布,制成机织坯布;
步骤A4,将步骤A2制备的高强度抗老化无纺布置于下层和上层,机织坯布置于中层,通过热压贴合,控制热压的压力为1800Kgf,热压的温度为200℃,热压的时间为5min,制得高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布。
实施例6
一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤A1,将25份聚丙烯、12份玻璃纤维、5份改性硫酸钙晶须均匀混合后,送入螺杆挤出机,经熔融、挤压后,转入纺丝箱体,由纺丝箱体的喷丝孔喷出,经侧风机进行冷却,冷却后的丝束再经管式牵伸器进行气流牵伸达到均匀分丝,长丝在侧吹气流控制下均匀铺放在凝网帘上,经预压辊输出至针刺机,形成的长丝,纤网经预针刺、主针刺加固后,制得高强度聚丙烯土工布,其中,螺杆挤出机的各段加热温度分别为160℃、180℃、200℃、210℃,螺杆转速为80rpm;
步骤A2,用去离子水对步骤A1制备的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行超声清洗10分钟,采用浸轧法,以TiO2/GO/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液对清洗后的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行后整理,后整理完成后,将其放入烘箱中,在90℃下烘40分钟后取出,再用去离子水清洗3次,自然晾干后制得高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布,其中浸轧工艺为浴比1:25,浸泡温度25℃,浸泡时间3分钟,轧辊压力0.2MPa;
步骤A3,将23份聚酯纤维通过纺织机进行织布,制成机织坯布;
步骤A4,将步骤A2制备的高强度抗老化无纺布置于下层和上层,机织坯布置于中层,通过热压贴合,控制热压的压力为120Kgf,热压的温度为160℃,热压的时间为3min,制得高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布。
实施例7
一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤A1,将30份聚丙烯、15份玻璃纤维、6份改性硫酸钙晶须均匀混合后,送入螺杆挤出机,经熔融、挤压后,转入纺丝箱体,由纺丝箱体的喷丝孔喷出,经侧风机进行冷却,冷却后的丝束再经管式牵伸器进行气流牵伸达到均匀分丝,长丝在侧吹气流控制下均匀铺放在凝网帘上,经预压辊输出至针刺机,形成的长丝,纤网经预针刺、主针刺加固后,制得高强度聚丙烯土工布,其中,螺杆挤出机的各段加热温度分别为160℃、180℃、200℃、210℃,螺杆转速为90rpm;
步骤A2,用去离子水对步骤A1制备的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行超声清洗20分钟,采用浸轧法,以TiO2/GO/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液对清洗后的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行后整理,后整理完成后,将其放入烘箱中,在100℃下烘30分钟后取出,再用去离子水清洗2次,自然晾干后制得高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布,其中浸轧工艺为浴比1:25,浸泡温度25℃,浸泡时间3分钟,轧辊压力0.2MPa;
步骤A3,将25份聚酯纤维通过纺织机进行织布,制成机织坯布;
步骤A4,将步骤A2制备的高强度抗老化无纺布置于下层和上层,机织坯布置于中层,通过热压贴合,控制热压的压力为150Kgf,热压的温度为180℃,热压的时间为5min,制得高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布。
对比例1
普通的土工布。
对比例2
对比例2的制备方法参照实施例4,所不同点在于不添加玻璃纤维。
对比例3
对比例3的制备方法参照实施例4,所不同点在于TiO2/GO/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液的制备方法,对比例4的TiO2/聚偏氟乙烯乳液的制备方法如下:
步骤S1,将改性聚偏氟乙烯置于70℃真空烘箱干燥12小时,备用;
步骤S2,将0.35g纳米TiO2分散在30mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,超声处理5小时,制得纳米TiO2分散液,其中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为50%;
步骤S3,将4g步骤S1制备的改性聚偏氟乙烯和1.2g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮搅拌溶解在50mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,控制反应温度为65℃,反应3小时,制得聚偏氟乙烯乳液,向聚偏氟乙烯乳液中加入10mL步骤S2制备的纳米TiO2分散液,超声处理0.5小时,制得TiO2/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液。
对比例4
对比例4的制备方法参照实施例4,所不同点在于TiO2/GO/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液的制备方法,对比例5的氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯乳液的制备方法如下:
步骤S1,将改性聚偏氟乙烯、氧化石墨烯置于70℃真空烘箱干燥12小时,备用;
步骤S2,将4mg步骤S1制备的氧化石墨烯分散在30mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,超声处理9小时,制得氧化石墨烯分散液,其中N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为70%;
步骤S3,将4g步骤S1制备的改性聚偏氟乙烯和1.2g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮搅拌溶解在50mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,控制反应温度为65℃,反应3小时,制得聚偏氟乙烯乳液,向聚偏氟乙烯乳液中加入5mL步骤S2制备的氧化石墨烯分散液,超声处理0.5小时,制得TiO2/氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液。
对实施例5-7和对比例1-5进行如下性能测定,采用国标GB/T15788-2005《土工布及其有关产品宽条拉伸试验》测试拉伸强度,国标GT/T14800-2010《土工合成材料静态顶破试验(CBR法)》测试CBR顶破强度,国标GB/T13763-2010《土工合成材料梯形法撕破强力的测定》测试梯形撕裂强力,国标GB/T15789-2005《土工布及其有关产品无负荷时垂直渗透特性的测定》测试垂直渗透性,国标GB/T17634-1998《土工布及其有关产品有效孔径的测定湿筛法》测试有效孔径,对实施例和对比例的样品进行15天的紫外光照射观察其表面形貌,评估其抗老化性能,数据如表1所示:
表1
由表1可知,实施例5、6、7所生产的高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布具有优异的力学强度、反滤功能、防淤堵性,并且其抗紫外老化性能显著改善,大大提升该复合土工布的使用年限;对比例4制备的土工布中未添加TiO2纳米颗粒,其抗紫外性能急剧降低,对比例3制备的土工布未添加氧化石墨烯,其对土工布的垂直渗透性影响很大,其滤水通量大大降低,有效孔径比实施例小,说明土工布表面易污染。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节,也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然,根据本说明书的内容,可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例,是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用,从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限。
Claims (8)
1.一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤A1,将聚丙烯、玻璃纤维和改性硫酸钙晶须均匀混合后,送入螺杆挤出机,经熔融、挤压后,转入纺丝箱体,由纺丝箱体的喷丝孔喷出,经侧风机进行冷却,冷却后的丝束再经管式牵伸器进行气流牵伸达到均匀分丝,长丝在侧吹气流控制下均匀铺放在凝网帘上,经预压辊输出至针刺机,形成的长丝纤网经预针刺、主针刺加固后,制得高强度聚丙烯无纺布;
步骤A2,用去离子水对步骤A1制备的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行超声清洗10-20分钟,采用浸轧法,以TiO2/GO/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液对清洗后的高强度聚丙烯无纺布进行后整理,后整理完成后,将其放入烘箱中,在80-100℃下烘30-40分钟后取出,再用去离子水清洗2-3次,自然晾干后制得高强度抗老化无纺布;
步骤A3,将聚酯纤维通过纺织机进行织布,制成机织坯布;
步骤A4,将步骤A2制备的高强度抗老化无纺布置于下层和上层,机织坯布置于中层,通过热压贴合,控制热压的压力为80-200Kgf,热压的温度为100-220℃,热压的时间为1-5min,制得高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布;
步骤A2所述的TiO2/氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液由如下步骤制成:
步骤S1,将改性聚偏氟乙烯、氧化石墨烯置于70℃真空烘箱干燥12-15小时,备用;
步骤S2,将步骤S1制备的氧化石墨烯分散在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,超声处理8-10小时,制得氧化石墨烯分散液;
步骤S3,将纳米TiO2分散在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,超声处理4-6小时,制得纳米TiO2分散液;
步骤S4,将步骤S1制备的改性聚偏氟乙烯和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮搅拌溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,控制反应温度为65℃,反应3小时,制得聚偏氟乙烯乳液,向聚偏氟乙烯乳液中加入步骤S2制备的氧化石墨烯分散液和步骤S3制备的纳米TiO2分散液,超声处理0.5-1小时,制得TiO2/氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯复合乳液;
步骤S1所述的改性聚偏氟乙烯由如下步骤制成:
步骤D1,取聚偏氟乙烯于烧瓶中,加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮,搅拌混合后,在氮气气氛中加入四乙基氢氧化铵溶液,加热30分钟后升温至110℃,保温10分钟,制得聚偏氟乙烯溶液;
步骤D2,在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中先后加入丙烯酸和过氧化苯甲酰,搅拌混合,向混合液中加入步骤D1制备的聚偏氟乙烯溶液,控制反应温度为70℃下反应30-40分钟,待反应结束后,用去离子水洗涤产物2-3次,再用无水乙醇抽提18-24小时除去未反应的丙烯酸,抽提后,将其放入70-80℃真空烘箱中干燥8-12小时,制得改性聚偏氟乙烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤A1所述的聚丙烯、玻璃纤维、改性硫酸钙晶须的重量份为:聚丙烯20-30份、玻璃纤维10-15份、改性硫酸钙晶须4-6份,螺杆挤出机的各段加热温度分别为160℃、180℃、200℃、210℃,螺杆转速为70-90rpm;步骤A2所述的浸轧工艺为浴比1:25,浸泡温度25℃,浸泡时间3分钟,轧辊压力0.2MPa;步骤A3所述的聚酯纤维的重量份为20-25份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的改性硫酸钙晶须由如下步骤制成:
将钛酸酯偶联剂加入三口烧瓶中并添加丙酮稀释,再将硫酸钙晶须加入烧瓶内,加热至70℃,冷凝、回流、磁力搅拌5-7小时,反应结束后,对产物进行抽滤、抽滤后的滤饼用乙醇溶液洗涤两次后,将产物置于真空干燥箱内,50-60℃干燥12-16小时,制得改性硫酸钙晶须。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的钛酸酯偶联剂、丙酮、硫酸钙晶须的用量比为4-6g:20-30mL:10-15g,搅拌速率为200-220rpm,乙醇溶液的用量为20-30mL,乙醇溶液的质量分数为40%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2所述的氧化石墨烯和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的用量比为4mg:30-50mL,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为70%,步骤S3所述的纳米TiO2和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的用量比为0.30-0.45g:25-35mL,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为40-50%,步骤S4所述的改性聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液、氧化石墨烯分散液和纳米TiO2分散液的用量比为3-5g:1-1.5g:50-70mL:5-8mL:10-12mL,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液的体积分数为20-30%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S3所述的纳米TiO2由如下步骤制成:
步骤C1,将四氯化钛加入高压反应釜中,加入3,5-二甲基哌啶、KH-570和去离子水搅拌混合0.5小时,然后将反应釜放在温度设定为170℃的烘箱加热3-4天,随后取出反应釜自然冷却到室温,制得产物;
步骤C2,将产物通过离心分离20分钟,将沉淀物分散在无水乙醇中超声振荡10-20分钟后,置于真空干燥箱内,60-70℃条件下干燥5-6小时,制得纳米TiO2。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤C1所述的四氯化钛、3,5-二甲基哌啶、KH-570和去离子水的用量比为1.2-1.32mmo l:20.12-20.55mo l:6-7mg:55.56-60mmol,步骤C2所述的无水乙醇的用量为20-30mL。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抗老化防淤堵加筋复合土工布的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤D1所述的聚偏氟乙烯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四乙基氢氧化铵溶液的用量比为3-5g:15-30mL:2-4mL,四乙基氢氧化铵溶液浓度为每100mL无水甲醇中加入3mL四乙基氢氧化铵,步骤D2所述的N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸、过氧化苯甲酰、聚偏氟乙烯溶液的用量为15-20mL:2-4g:9-12mg:8-10mL。
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