CN112829403A - 用于载具的多层玻璃板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用于载具的多层玻璃板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112829403A
CN112829403A CN202011293021.9A CN202011293021A CN112829403A CN 112829403 A CN112829403 A CN 112829403A CN 202011293021 A CN202011293021 A CN 202011293021A CN 112829403 A CN112829403 A CN 112829403A
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China
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layer
polymer layer
combination
polymer
deposited
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CN202011293021.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
A.M.戴利
M.蔡
M.D.理查森
T.J.戈登
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种多层板，包括:包含石墨烯的中心层，其中所述中心层包括第一表面和相反的第二表面；沉积在中心层的第一表面上的第一聚合物层和沉积在中心层的第二表面上的第二聚合物层；以及沉积在第一聚合物层外表面上的第一玻璃层和沉积在第二聚合物层外表面上的第二玻璃层；其中第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含碳填料。

Description

用于载具的多层玻璃板及其制造方法
技术领域
本主题公开涉及多层玻璃板的技术，更具体地，涉及作为载具挡风玻璃的层积玻璃板。
背景技术
载具，如汽车，包括玻璃挡风玻璃。这些玻璃挡风玻璃可以与载具内的电源进行电气连接。当需要时，来自电源的电流可以被激活并施加到挡风玻璃上，从而在挡风玻璃内产生热量。这些热量可以通过热传导穿过挡风玻璃。这样，位于挡风玻璃外表面的不需要的天气因素(例如霜)可以被融化和去除。然而，玻璃被认为是热和电的绝缘体。这种加热和熔化过程可能缓慢且无效。载具挡风玻璃还必须具备良好的光学和机械性能，以保证能见度和安全性。
因此，希望提供一种层积玻璃面板，例如载具挡风玻璃，其具有改善的导热和导电性能，而不牺牲光学和机械性能。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中，多层板包括含有石墨烯的中心层，其中中心层包括第一表面和相反的第二表面。第一聚合物层沉积在中心层的第一表面上，第二聚合物层沉积在中心层的第二表面上。第一玻璃层沉积在第一聚合物层的外表面上，第二玻璃层沉积在第二聚合物层的外表面上。第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含碳填料。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸或其任何组合。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包括两个或多个材料不同的区域。
除了这里描述的一个或多个特征之外，材料不同的区域包括石墨烯、钨回旋线、金属纳米线或它们的任何组合。
除了这里描述的一个或多个特征之外，材料不同的区域是区域A、区域B和区域C，其中区域A包括石墨烯，区域B包括石墨烯和金属纳米线，区域C包括石墨烯和金属纳米线。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，区域B、区域C或其任何组合的热导率大于区域A的热导率。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，碳填料包括石墨烯、碳纳米带、碳纳米片晶、单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、膨胀石墨、炭黑、碳纤维或其任何组合。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，基于相应聚合物层的总重量，第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含约0.1重量百分比至约10重量百分比的碳填料。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，多层板的可见光透射值大于或等于约70％。
除了这里描述的一个或多个特征之外，多层板的热导率大于或等于约10瓦每米开尔文。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，中心层的厚度为约1纳米至约1.2纳米。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合的厚度为约0.38毫米至约0.76毫米。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，第一玻璃层、第二玻璃层或其任何组合的厚度为约1.4毫米至约2.3毫米。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，第一玻璃层、第二玻璃层或其任何组合包括退火玻璃。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，多层板的电导率大于或等于约0.1西门子每米。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含基于相应聚合物层总重量的约0.1重量百分比至约10重量百分比的增塑剂，其中增塑剂包含邻苯二甲酸酯、对苯二甲酸酯、偏苯三酸酯、己二酸酯、环氧树脂或其任何组合。
除了本文所述的一个或多个特征之外，第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合的玻璃化转变温度大于或等于约20℃。
在另一个示例性实施例中，载具包括与电源电连接的多层板，其中该多层板是前挡风玻璃、后挡风玻璃、侧门窗、车顶窗户或其任何组合。该多层板包括含有石墨烯的中心层，其中该中心层包括第一表面和相反的第二表面。第一聚合物层沉积在中心层的第一表面上，第二聚合物层沉积在中心层的第二表面上。第一玻璃层沉积在第一聚合物层的外表面上，第二玻璃层沉积在第二聚合物层的外表面上。第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含碳填料。
除了这里描述的一个或多个特征之外，载具是汽车、船、飞机、宇宙飞船、火车或它们的任何组合。
在又一示例性实施例中，多层板包括含有石墨烯的中心层，其中中心层包括第一表面和相反的第二表面。第一聚合物层沉积在中心层的第一表面上，第二聚合物层沉积在中心层的第二表面上。第一玻璃层沉积在第一聚合物层的外表面上，第二玻璃层沉积在第二聚合物层的外表面上。第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含碳填料。制造多层板的方法包括将聚合物、碳填料和增塑剂组合，以形成第一和第二聚合物层，将聚合物层沉积在中心层的相应表面上，并将聚合物层和中心层层积在第一和第二玻璃层之间。
当结合附图时，根据以下详细描述，本公开的上述特征和优点以及其他特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
其他特征、优点和细节仅作为示例出现在以下详细描述中，详细描述参考附图，其中:
图1是根据示例性实施例的多层板的横截面；
图2是根据示例性实施例的包括多层板的载具的俯视图；
图3是根据示例性实施例的载具挡风玻璃的内部透视图；和
图4是表示根据示例性实施例的制造多层板的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本公开、其应用或使用。
根据示例性实施例，如图1所示，多层板10可以包括中心层11。中心层11可以包括石墨烯。术语“石墨烯”可以指在二维六边形晶格中的单层原子形式的碳同素异形体，其中一个原子形成每个顶点。中心层11可以包括单层石墨烯或多层石墨烯。中心层11可以包括石墨烯和纳米线的组合(例如，银纳米线和/或铜纳米线)。中心层11可以包括第一表面12和相反的第二表面13。中心层11的厚度20(如图1所示沿“X”方向测量)可以是大约0.95纳米至大约1.25纳米，例如大约1纳米至大约1.2纳米，例如大约1.05纳米至大约1.15纳米，例如大约1.1纳米。
多层板10可以包括沉积在中心层11的第一表面12上的第一聚合物层14。例如，第一聚合物层14可以包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸或其任何组合。多层板10可以包括沉积在中心层11的第二表面13上的第二聚合物层15。例如，第二聚合物层15可以包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸或它们的任何组合。
第一聚合物层14的厚度21(如图1所示沿“X”方向测量)可以是大约0.35毫米至大约0.8毫米，例如，大约0.38毫米至大约0.76毫米，例如，大约0.4毫米至大约0.5毫米。第二聚合物层15的厚度22(如图1所示沿“X”方向测量)可以是大约0.35毫米至大约0.8毫米，例如，大约0.38毫米至大约0.76毫米，例如，大约0.4毫米至大约0.5毫米。第一聚合物层14的厚度21可以与第二聚合物层15的厚度22相同或不同。例如，第一聚合物层14的厚度21可以是大约0.5毫米，第二聚合物层15的厚度22可以是大约0.38毫米。
第一聚合物层14、第二聚合物层15或其任何组合包含碳填料(carbon filler)。例如，碳填料可以包括石墨烯、碳纳米带、碳纳米片晶、单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、膨胀石墨、炭黑、碳纤维或其任何组合。基于相应聚合物层的总重量，第一聚合物层14、第二聚合物层15或其任何组合可包含约0.1重量百分比至约10重量百分比的碳填料，例如，约1重量百分比至约5重量百分比。基于相应聚合物层的总重量，第一聚合物层14、第二聚合物层15或其任何组合可包含约0.1重量百分比至约1重量百分比的碳填料，例如，约0.25重量百分比至约0.75重量百分比，例如，约0.5重量百分比。第一聚合物层14中的碳填料的重量百分比可以与第二聚合物层15中的碳填料的重量百分比相同或不同。例如，基于第一聚合物层14的总重量，第一聚合物层14可包含约0.1重量百分比至约1重量百分比的碳填料。
不希望受理论束缚，在第一聚合物层14和/或第二聚合物层15中包含碳填料可以增加多层板10的热导率。例如，多层板10的热导率可以大于或等于约1瓦特每米开尔文，例如大于或等于约5瓦特每米开尔文，例如大于或等于约10瓦特每米开尔文，例如大于或等于约15瓦特每米开尔文。热导率可以通过任何合适的方法来测量，例如，根据ISO 22007:2017的方法。
多层板10的电导率可以大于或等于约0.05西门子每米(Siemens per meter)，例如大于或等于约0.1西门子每米，例如大于或等于约0.15西门子每米，例如大于或等于约0.2西门子每米。电导率可以通过任何合适的方法测量，例如，根据ISO 9944:1990的方法。多层板的可见光透射值可以大于或等于约70％，例如，大于或等于约75％，例如，大于或等于约80％，例如，大于或等于约85％，例如，大于或等于约90％，例如，大于或等于约95％。术语“可见光”可以指约380纳米至约780纳米的光波长。透射值(transmission value)可以通过任何合适的方法测量，例如根据ISO 3538:1997的方法。
基于相应聚合物层的总重量，第一聚合物层14、第二聚合物层15或其任何组合可包含约0.1重量百分比至约10重量百分比的增塑剂(plasticizer)。例如，增塑剂可以包括邻苯二甲酸酯、对苯二甲酸酯、偏苯三酸酯、己二酸酯、环氧树脂或它们的任何组合。不希望受理论束缚，据信第一聚合物层14和/或第二聚合物层15中增塑剂的存在会降低相应聚合物层的玻璃化转变温度(glass transition temperature)。第一聚合物层14、第二聚合物层15或其任何组合的玻璃化转变温度可以大于或等于约20℃，例如大于或等于约25℃，例如大于或等于约30℃。玻璃化转变温度可以通过任何合适的方法来测量，例如根据ISO11357:2013的方法。
第一聚合物层14、第二聚合物层15或其任何组合可进一步包含抗氧化剂、UV阻断剂或其任何组合，例如季戊四醇四(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)、苯并三唑、羟基苯基三嗪、恶苯胺、二苯甲酮或其任何组合。
多层板10可以包括沉积在第一聚合物层14的外表面17上的第一玻璃层16和沉积在第二聚合物层15的外表面19上的第二玻璃层18。例如，第一玻璃层16、第二玻璃层18或其任何组合可以包括退火玻璃。第一玻璃层16的厚度23、第二玻璃层18或其任何组合的厚度24(如图1所示沿“X”方向测量)可以为约1.4毫米至约2.3毫米，例如约1.4毫米至约2.1毫米，例如约1.6毫米至约1.8毫米。第一玻璃层16的厚度23可以与第二玻璃层18的厚度24相同或不同。例如，第一玻璃层16的厚度23可以是大约2.1毫米，第二玻璃层18的厚度24可以是大约1.8毫米。
现在参考图2，载具25可以包括与电源(未示出)电连接的多层板10(如图1所示)。例如，多层板10可以是前挡风玻璃26、后挡风玻璃28、侧门窗27、天窗29(例如，太阳屋顶和/或月亮屋顶)或其任何组合。电源可以位于载具25内。来自电源的电流可以施加到多层板10，从而产生热量。该热量随后可以通过热传导而穿过多层板10。这样，位于多层板10上(例如，在第一玻璃层16的暴露侧和/或第二玻璃层18的暴露侧)的不期望的天气因素(例如，霜和/或冷凝)可以被熔化并从多层板10上移除。多层板10的第一玻璃层16和/或第二玻璃层18的暴露侧(如图1所示)可以面向载具25的内部。载具25在图2中被描述为轿车，但是也可以是卡车、货车、船、飞机、宇宙飞船、火车或它们的任何组合。
现在参考图3，示出了前挡风玻璃26(由图1的多层板10制成)。多层板10的第一聚合物层、多层板10的第二聚合物层或它们的任何组合可以包括两个或多个材料不同的区域(30、32和34)。“材料不同”可以指与另一区域相比包含不同材料的区域。例如，材料不同的区域(30、32和34)可以包括石墨烯、钨回旋线(tungsten wiggle wire)、金属纳米线或它们的任何组合。材料不同的区域(30、32和34)可以是例如区域A(30)、区域B(32)和区域C(34)。例如，区域A(30)可以包括石墨烯，区域B(32)可以包括石墨烯和金属纳米线，区域C(34)可以包括石墨烯和金属纳米线。例如，区域B(32)可以代表驾驶员的前方视野。针对每个区域使用不同的材料会导致每个区域的热导率不同。例如，不希望被理论束缚，向区域B添加金属纳米线可以增加区域B的热导率。例如，区域B(32)、区域C(34)或其任何组合的热导率可以大于区域A(30)的热导率。具有变化热导率的材料不同的区域(30、32和34)可以允许对前挡风玻璃26进行局部除霜，其中根据需要，一个区域可以比另一个区域被加热得更多，从而提高整体加热效率。例如，区域A(30)可以在小于或等于40分钟内除霜，区域B(32)可以在小于或等于20分钟内除霜，区域C(34)可以在小于或等于25分钟内除霜。除霜速度可以通过任何合适的方法来测量，例如，符合“Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards,Section571.103,Standard No.103(2011)”的方法。
现在参考图4，制造多层板10的方法40可以包括步骤42:将聚合物、碳填料和增塑剂进行组合，以形成第一聚合物层14和第二聚合物层15。方法40可以进一步包括步骤44:在中心层11的相应相反表面12和13上沉积聚合物层14和15。方法40可以进一步包括步骤46:将聚合物层(14，15)和中心层11层积在第一和第二玻璃层(16，18)之间。
术语“大约”旨在包括与基于提交申请时可用设备的特定量的测量相关的误差程度。
这里使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，并不旨在限制本公开。如这里所使用的，单数形式“一”和“该”意在也包括复数形式，除非上下文清楚地另外指出。还应当理解，当在本说明书中使用时，术语“包括”和/或“包含”指定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在(并且涵盖“由……组成”、“由……构成”、“基本由……组成”和“基本由……构成”)，但是不一定排除一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件组件和/或其组的存在或添加。
虽然已经参考一个或多个示例性实施例描述了本公开，但是本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可以进行各种改变，并且等同物可以替代其元件。此外，在不脱离本公开的基本范围的情况下，可以进行许多修改以使特定情况或材料适应本公开的教导。因此，本发明不限于作为实施本发明的最佳模式而公开的特定实施例，而是本发明将包括落入权利要求范围内的所有实施例。因此，本发明不限于作为实施本发明的最佳模式而公开的特定实施例，而是本发明将包括落入权利要求范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种多层板，包括:
包含石墨烯的中心层，其中所述中心层包含第一表面和相反的第二表面；
沉积在中心层的第一表面上的第一聚合物层和沉积在中心层的第二表面上的第二聚合物层；和
沉积在第一聚合物层外表面上的第一玻璃层和沉积在第二聚合物层外表面上的第二玻璃层；
其中第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含碳填料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层板，其中第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸或其任何组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层板，其中所述第一聚合物层、所述第二聚合物层或其任何组合包括两个或多个材料不同的区域。
4.根据权利要求3所述的多层板，其中材料不同的区域包括石墨烯、钨回旋线、金属纳米线或其任何组合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多层板，其中所述材料不同的区域是区域A、区域B和区域C，其中区域A包括石墨烯，区域B包括石墨烯和金属纳米线，区域C包括石墨烯和金属纳米线。
6.根据权利要求5所述的多层板，其中所述区域B、区域C或其任何组合的热导率大于区域A的热导率。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多层板，其中所述碳填料包括石墨烯、碳纳米带、碳纳米片晶、单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、膨胀石墨、炭黑、碳纤维或其任何组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多层板，其中所述第一聚合物层、所述第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含基于相应聚合物层总重量的约0.1重量百分比至约10重量百分比的碳填料。
9.一种载具，包括:
与电源电连接的多层板，其中所述多层板是前挡风玻璃、后挡风玻璃、侧门窗、天窗或其任何组合；和
其中所述多层板包括:
包含石墨烯的中心层，其中所述中心层包含第一表面和相反的第二表面；
沉积在中心层的第一表面上的第一聚合物层和沉积在中心层的第二表面上的第二聚合物层；和
沉积在第一聚合物层外表面上的第一玻璃层和沉积在第二聚合物层外表面上的第二玻璃层；
其中第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含碳填料。
10.一种制造多层板的方法，其中所述多层板包括：含有石墨烯的中心层，其中所述中心层包括第一表面和相反的第二表面；沉积在中心层的第一表面上的第一聚合物层和沉积在中心层的第二表面上的第二聚合物层；以及沉积在第一聚合物层外表面上的第一玻璃层和沉积在第二聚合物层外表面上的第二玻璃层；其中第一聚合物层、第二聚合物层或其任何组合包含碳填料；该方法包括:
将聚合物、碳填料和增塑剂组合，以形成第一和第二聚合物层；
将聚合物层沉积在中心层的相应表面上；和
将聚合物层和中心层层积在第一和第二玻璃层之间。
CN202011293021.9A 2019-11-25 2020-11-18 用于载具的多层玻璃板及其制造方法 Pending CN112829403A (zh)

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