CN112828536B - Method for machining plunger of hydraulic plunger pump - Google Patents
Method for machining plunger of hydraulic plunger pump Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing a plunger of a hydraulic plunger pump, which is used for processing a 31CrMoV9 material and comprises the following steps: s1, turning; s2, nitriding heat treatment; the method comprises the following steps: s201, incoming material inspection; s202, cleaning; s203, clamping; s204, pre-oxidizing; s205, exhausting; s206, nitrocarburizing; s207, cooling; s208, discharging; and S3, performing plunge grinding. According to the invention, the original carburizing and quenching treatment of the 20CrMo material is replaced by the nitriding treatment of the 31CrMoV9 material, and the original through type through grinding machine is replaced by the forming of the plunge grinding machine in the hot after-grinding treatment, so that the surface hardness of the product is high and the product is more wear-resistant; the surface of the excircle is slightly convex, the two ends are 4-8mm in thickness and have collapsed edges, the contact surface is less and smoother during working, the operation is more stable, the clamping stagnation is avoided, and the processed product can meet the technical requirements of drawings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic control elements, in particular to a method for processing a plunger of a hydraulic plunger pump.
Background
The plunger pump is an important device of a hydraulic system, and realizes oil suction and oil pressing by means of the change of a sealed volume caused by the reciprocating motion of a plunger in a cylinder body. The plunger pump has the advantages of high rated pressure, compact structure, high efficiency, convenient flow regulation and the like, and is widely applied to petroleum and natural gas well site conveying systems. The plunger mainly works together with a copper piston shoe in a hydraulic plunger pump. The hydraulic plunger pump is widely applied to control engineering such as control of a hydraulic system and execution of the hydraulic system. The main installation types include industries such as automobile engineering, aeronautical engineering, engineering machinery and the like.
The main production method of the plunger of the hydraulic plunger pump of the same type at present comprises the following steps: s1, turning; s2, carburizing and quenching; and S3, grinding. The common plunger piston material is mainly made of 20CrMo alloy steel, and the phenomena of poor wear resistance, short service life and sometimes jamming often occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for processing a plunger of a hydraulic plunger pump, wherein a 31CrMoV9 material is subjected to nitriding treatment to replace carburizing and quenching treatment of an original 20CrMo material, and the hot post-grinding processing is performed by cutting into a grinding machine to form to replace an original through type through grinding machine, so that the surface hardness of a product is high and the product is more wear-resistant; the surface of the excircle is slightly convex, the two ends are 4-8mm in thickness and have collapsed edges, the contact surface is less and smoother during working, the operation is more stable, the clamping stagnation is avoided, and the processed product can meet the technical requirements of drawings.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a method for processing a plunger of a hydraulic plunger pump, which is used for processing a 31CrMoV9 material and comprises the following steps:
s1, turning;
s2, nitriding heat treatment;
the method comprises the following steps:
s201, incoming material inspection;
s202, cleaning;
s203, clamping;
s204, pre-oxidizing;
s205, exhausting;
s206, nitrocarburizing;
s207, cooling;
s208, discharging;
and S3, performing plunge grinding.
As a further improvement of the invention, the 31CrMoV9 material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.27 to 0.34 percent of C, not more than 0.4 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Mn, not more than 0.025 percent of P, 0.02 to 0.035 percent of S, 2.3 to 2.7 percent of Cr, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Mo, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of V, and the balance of iron.
The main difference between 31CrMoV9 and 20CrMo is that the content percentages of metal elements are different, and the 20CrMo belongs to low-carbon alloy steel and is suitable for carburizing and quenching treatment; in addition, the 31CrMoV9 also contains element vanadium (V) with strong affinity with nitrogen, belongs to nitriding steel and is suitable for nitriding treatment. Compared with carburizing and quenching, the surface of the steel after nitriding treatment can obtain higher hardness and fatigue strength, and the core part also has enough strength and toughness.
As a further modification of the present invention, the nitriding heat treatment in step S2 uses an apparatus which is a heat treatment nitriding furnace.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the nitriding heat treatment in step S2 includes the following specific steps:
s201, incoming material inspection is carried out, the fact that the type and the number of parts are consistent with those of a delivery bill or a circulation card is confirmed, and no appearance defect exists;
s202, cleaning, soaking the part in a water-based cleaning agent for 2-3min, shaking up and down, then soaking in a hydrocarbon cleaning agent for 2-3min, shaking up and down without colliding the part, and finally drying by compressed air;
s203, clamping, namely placing the part on a tool hanger according to requirements;
s204, pre-oxidizing, namely heating to the first temperature and keeping the temperature for 45 +/-10 min for pre-oxidizing;
s205, exhausting, and introducing 1-1.5m of gas at a first temperature3Exhausting with nitrogen gas for 45 + -10 min, heating, and introducing 1-1.5m3H of nitrogen;
s206, nitrocarburizing, wherein when the temperature in the furnace rises to a second temperature, the flow rate of nitrogen is adjusted to be 3-4m3H, keeping the temperature for 800 +/-60 min, and adjusting the nitrogen flow to 2-4m3Keeping 1800 +/-60 min;
s207, cooling, stopping heating after nitriding is finished, closing carbon dioxide, and reducing the nitrogen flow to 0.5-1m3Starting the air blower to cool simultaneously;
and S208, discharging, namely closing the nitrogen when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to be lower than a third temperature, opening a furnace cover, taking out the part, air-cooling to room temperature, detecting, and not conforming to the repeated step S2.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water-based cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 10-10 parts of tween-805, 1-3 parts of penetrant JFC, 1-5 parts of sodium metaaluminate and 120 parts of deionized water.
As a further improvement of the invention, the hydrocarbon cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of petroleum ether 100-50 parts, 20-50 parts of normal hexane, 10-17 parts of cyclohexane and 2-4 parts of acetic acid.
As a further improvement of the invention, the first temperature is 370 ± 10 ℃; the second temperature is 505 +/-10 ℃; the third temperature is 180 ℃.
As a further improvement of the invention, the detection standard is that the surface hardness is not less than 725HV 10; the depth of the hardened layer is not less than 32 mm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the apparatus used for the plunge grinding process in step S3 is an plunge grinding machine.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the plunge grinding process in step S3 uses an plunge grinder and a profile plate one-shot forming process.
Through the change of a grinding method, the part is subjected to nitriding treatment and excircle plunge grinding; the surface hardness can reach higher, and the more slick and sly transition of excircle both ends for the processing plunger can be when the plunger pump work, and the life-span is more permanent after more wear-resisting, and the during operation contact surface is still less more slick and sly, and the operation is more steady, can not the jamming.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the nitriding plunger machining, a plunger (with a structure shown in figure 1) made of 31CrMoV9 is selected as a special material, and is subjected to heat treatment nitrocarburizing (nitriding treatment) and regrinding machining after turning.
The main advantages are:
(1) after the heat treatment nitridation, the surface hardness is improved, the surface is more wear-resistant, and the service life is prolonged;
(2) the surface of the excircle is slightly convex, the two ends are provided with 4-8mm sags, the contact surface is less and smoother during working, the operation is more stable, and the clamping stagnation is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 31CrMoV9 plunger;
FIG. 2 is a temperature-time graph of the nitriding heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 method for processing plunger of hydraulic plunger pump
Raw materials: the 31CrMoV9 material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.27% of C, 0.2% of Si, 0.4% of Mn, 0.02% of P, 0.02% of S, 2.3% of Cr, 0.15% of Mo, 0.1% of V and the balance of iron.
S1, turning;
s2, nitriding heat treatment, wherein the used instrument is a heat treatment nitriding furnace;
the method comprises the following steps:
s201, incoming material inspection is carried out, the fact that the type and the number of parts are consistent with those of a delivery bill or a circulation card is confirmed, and no appearance defect exists;
s202, cleaning, soaking the parts in a water-based cleaning agent for 2min, shaking up and down, then soaking in a hydrocarbon cleaning agent for 2-3min, shaking up and down without colliding the parts, and finally drying by compressed air;
the water-based cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 805 parts of tween-805, 1 part of penetrant JFC, 1 part of sodium metaaluminate and 100 parts of deionized water;
the hydrocarbon cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of petroleum ether, 20 parts of n-hexane, 10 parts of cyclohexane and 2 parts of acetic acid;
s203, clamping, namely placing the part on a tool hanger according to requirements;
s204, pre-oxidizing, heating to 370 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min to perform pre-oxidation;
s205, exhausting, and introducing 1m at 370 DEG C3Exhausting with nitrogen gas for 45 +/-10 min, continuously heating, and continuously introducing 1m3H of nitrogen;
s206, nitrocarburizing, wherein when the temperature in the furnace rises to 505 ℃, the nitrogen flow is adjusted to be 3m3H, keeping the temperature for 800min, and adjusting the nitrogen flow to be 2m3H, keeping for 1800 min;
s207, cooling, stopping heating after nitriding is finished, closing carbon dioxide, and reducing the nitrogen flow to 0.5m3Starting the air blower to cool simultaneously;
s208, discharging, namely, when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to below 180 ℃, closing the nitrogen, opening the furnace cover, taking out the part, air-cooling to room temperature, and detecting that the step S2 is not repeated;
the detection standard is 732HV10 of surface hardness; the depth of a hardened layer is 33 mm;
and S3, performing plunge grinding, wherein the used instrument is a plunge grinding machine, and the plunge grinding and the profile plate are formed and processed at one time.
Embodiment 2 method for processing plunger of hydraulic plunger pump
Raw materials: the 31CrMoV9 material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.34% of C, 0.1% of Si, 0.7% of Mn, 0.022% of P, 0.035% of S, 2.7% of Cr, 0.25% of Mo, 0.2% of V and the balance of iron.
S1, turning;
s2, nitriding heat treatment, wherein the used instrument is a heat treatment nitriding furnace;
the method comprises the following steps:
s201, incoming material inspection is carried out, the fact that the type and the number of parts are consistent with those of a delivery bill or a circulation card is confirmed, and no appearance defect exists;
s202, cleaning, soaking the part in a water-based cleaning agent for 2-3min, shaking up and down, then soaking in a hydrocarbon cleaning agent for 2-3min, shaking up and down without colliding the part, and finally drying by compressed air;
the water-based cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8010 parts of tween-8010 parts of penetrant JFC 3 parts, 5 parts of sodium metaaluminate and 120 parts of deionized water;
the hydrocarbon cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of petroleum ether, 50 parts of n-hexane, 17 parts of cyclohexane and 4 parts of acetic acid;
s203, clamping, namely placing the part on a tool hanger according to requirements;
s204, pre-oxidizing, heating to 380 ℃, and preserving heat for 55min to perform pre-oxidation;
s205, exhausting, and introducing 1.5m at 380 DEG C3Exhausting with nitrogen gas for 55min, heating, and introducing 1.5m3H of nitrogen;
s206, nitrocarburizing, wherein when the temperature in the furnace rises to 515 ℃, the nitrogen flow is adjusted to be 4m3H, keeping the temperature for 860min, and adjusting the nitrogen flowIs 4m3Keeping 1860min for h;
s207, cooling, stopping heating after nitriding is finished, closing carbon dioxide, and reducing the nitrogen flow to 1m3Starting the air blower to cool simultaneously;
s208, discharging, namely, when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to below 180 ℃, closing the nitrogen, opening the furnace cover, taking out the part, air-cooling to room temperature, and detecting that the step S2 is not repeated;
and S3, performing plunge grinding, wherein the used instrument is a plunge grinding machine, and the plunge grinding and the profile plate are formed and processed at one time.
Embodiment 3 method for processing plunger of hydraulic plunger pump
Raw materials: the 31CrMoV9 material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.3% of C, 0.3% of Si, 0.6% of Mn, 0.024% of P, 0.03% of S, 2.5% of Cr, 0.2% of Mo, 0.15% of V and the balance of iron.
S1, turning;
s2, nitriding heat treatment, wherein the used instrument is a heat treatment nitriding furnace;
the method comprises the following steps:
s201, incoming material inspection is carried out, the fact that the type and the number of parts are consistent with those of a delivery bill or a circulation card is confirmed, and no appearance defect exists;
s202, cleaning, namely soaking the parts in a water-based cleaning agent for 2.5min, shaking up and down, then soaking in a hydrocarbon cleaning agent for 2.5min, shaking up and down without colliding the parts, and finally drying by compressed air;
the water-based cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 807 parts of tween-807 parts, 2 parts of penetrant JFC, 3 parts of sodium metaaluminate and 110 parts of deionized water;
the hydrocarbon cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 125 parts of petroleum ether, 35 parts of n-hexane, 14 parts of cyclohexane and 3 parts of acetic acid;
s203, clamping, namely placing the part on a tool hanger according to requirements;
s204, pre-oxidizing, heating to 360 ℃, and preserving heat for 35min for pre-oxidizing;
s205, exhausting, and introducing 1.2m at 360 DEG C3H of nitrogenExhausting for 35min, heating, and introducing 1.2m3H of nitrogen;
s206, nitrocarburizing, wherein when the temperature in the furnace rises to 505 +/-10 ℃, the nitrogen flow is adjusted to be 3.5m3H, keeping the temperature for 740min, and adjusting the nitrogen flow to be 3m3H, keeping for 1740 min;
s207, cooling, stopping heating after nitriding is finished, closing carbon dioxide, and reducing the nitrogen flow to 0.7m3Starting the air blower to cool simultaneously;
s208, discharging, namely, when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to below 180 ℃, closing the nitrogen, opening the furnace cover, taking out the part, air-cooling to room temperature, and detecting that the step S2 is not repeated;
and S3, performing plunge grinding, wherein the used instrument is a plunge grinding machine, and the plunge grinding and the profile plate are formed and processed at one time.
Example 4
Compared with the embodiment 3, the water-based cleaning agent is not added with sodium metaaluminate and is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 807 parts of tween-807 parts, 2 parts of penetrant JFC and 110 parts of deionized water, and other conditions are not changed.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 3, the hydrocarbon cleaning agent is not added with acetic acid and is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 125 parts of petroleum ether, 35 parts of normal hexane, 14 parts of cyclohexane and 3 parts of acetic acid, and other conditions are not changed.
Comparative example 1
The material is a common 20CrMo material, the heat treatment process is carburizing and quenching, and the grinding process is carried out by adopting a through type through grinding machine.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 3, the raw material does not contain V element, and the 31CrMoV9 material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.3% of C, 0.3% of Si, 0.6% of Mn, 0.024% of P, 0.03% of S, 2.5% of Cr, 0.2% of Mo and the balance of iron.
Test example 1
The plungers of the hydraulic plunger pumps prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The 20CrMo belongs to low-carbon alloy steel and is suitable for carburizing and quenching treatment. The 31CrMoV9 also contains vanadium (V) which has strong affinity with nitrogen, belongs to nitriding steel and is suitable for nitriding treatment. Compared with carburizing and quenching, the surface of the steel after nitriding treatment can obtain higher hardness and fatigue strength, and the core part also has enough strength and toughness.
In the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 5, sodium metaaluminate or acetic acid is not added into the water-based cleaning agent and the hydrocarbon cleaning agent respectively, so that the surface hardness of the prepared plunger is reduced, and therefore, after the plunger model is soaked in the water-based cleaning agent, the sodium metaaluminate is easy to adhere to the surface, and after the plunger model is continuously soaked in the hydrocarbon cleaning agent, a layer of harder alumina film can be formed after the sodium metaaluminate is contacted with the acid, so that the surface hardness of the plunger is improved to a certain degree.
Compared with the prior art, the nitriding plunger processing of the patent selects the plunger (the structure is shown in figure 1) made of 31CrMoV9 as a special material, and performs the nitrogen-carbon co-cementation (nitriding treatment) and regrinding processing through heat treatment after turning.
The main advantages are:
(1) after the heat treatment nitridation, the surface hardness is improved, the surface is more wear-resistant, and the service life is prolonged;
(2) the surface of the excircle is slightly convex, the two ends are provided with 4-8mm sags, the contact surface is less and smoother during working, the operation is more stable, and the clamping stagnation is avoided.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. The method for processing the plunger of the hydraulic plunger pump is characterized in that a 31CrMoV9 material is processed, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, turning;
s2, nitriding heat treatment;
the specific procedures are as follows:
s201, incoming material inspection is carried out, the fact that the type and the number of parts are consistent with those of a delivery bill or a circulation card is confirmed, and no appearance defect exists;
s202, cleaning, soaking the part in a water-based cleaning agent for 2-3min, shaking up and down, then soaking in a hydrocarbon cleaning agent for 2-3min, shaking up and down without colliding the part, and finally drying by compressed air;
s203, clamping, namely placing the part on a tool hanger according to requirements;
s204, pre-oxidizing, namely heating to the first temperature and keeping the temperature for 45 +/-10 min for pre-oxidizing;
s205, exhausting, and introducing 1-1.5m of gas at a first temperature3Exhausting with nitrogen gas for 45 + -10 min, heating, and introducing 1-1.5m3H of nitrogen;
s206, nitrocarburizing, wherein when the temperature in the furnace rises to a second temperature, the flow rate of nitrogen is adjusted to be 3-4m3H, keeping the temperature for 800 +/-60 min, and adjusting the nitrogen flow to 2-4m3Keeping 1800 +/-60 min;
s207, cooling, stopping heating after nitriding is finished, closing carbon dioxide, and reducing the nitrogen flow to 0.5-1m3Starting the air blower to cool simultaneously;
s208, discharging, namely when the temperature in the furnace is reduced to be lower than a third temperature, closing the nitrogen, opening a furnace cover, taking out the part, air-cooling to room temperature, and detecting that the step is not repeated S2;
and S3, performing plunge grinding.
2. The method for processing the plunger of the hydraulic plunger pump according to claim 1, wherein the 31CrMoV9 material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.27-0.34% of C, not more than 0.4% of Si, 0.4-0.7% of Mn, not more than 0.025% of P, 0.02-0.035% of S, 2.3-2.7% of Cr, 0.15-0.25% of Mo0.1-0.2% of V, and the balance of Fe.
3. The method for processing the plunger of the hydraulic plunger pump according to claim 1, wherein the nitriding heat treatment in step S2 is performed using a heat treatment nitriding furnace.
4. The method for processing the plunger of the hydraulic plunger pump according to claim 1, wherein the water-based cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 10-10 parts of tween-805, 1-3 parts of penetrant JFC, 1-5 parts of sodium metaaluminate and 120 parts of deionized water.
5. The method for processing the plunger of the hydraulic plunger pump according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of petroleum ether 100-50 parts, 20-50 parts of normal hexane, 10-17 parts of cyclohexane and 2-4 parts of acetic acid.
6. The method of manufacturing a plunger for a hydraulic plunger pump of claim 1, wherein the first temperature is 370 ± 10 ℃; the second temperature is 505 +/-10 ℃; the third temperature is 180 ℃.
7. The method for machining the plunger of the hydraulic plunger pump according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus used for the plunge-cut grinding in step S3 is a plunge-cut grinding machine.
8. The method of processing the plunger of the hydraulic plunger pump according to claim 1, wherein the plunge mill processing in step S3 uses a plunge mill and a profile plate one-shot forming processing.
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| CN115896624B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-09-15 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Nitriding steel 31CrMoV9 annealed material and production method thereof |
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| CN104625638A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-20 | 南京萨伯工业设计研究院有限公司 | Driving shaft of hydraulic pump and machining method thereof |
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| CN107058939A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-18 | 东莞市欣悦模具有限公司 | Nitrogen spring plunger rod（Piston rod）Technology for Heating Processing |
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| US4266374A (en) * | 1978-04-18 | 1981-05-12 | Toyoda-Koki Kabushiki-Kaisha | Grinding machine with truing apparatus for grinding wheel made of cubic boron nitride |
| JP2010255540A (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-11 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd | High pressure fuel pump |
| CN102329940A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-01-25 | 龙工（上海）桥箱有限公司 | Thermal treatment process for plunger of axial plunger pump |
| CN104625638A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-20 | 南京萨伯工业设计研究院有限公司 | Driving shaft of hydraulic pump and machining method thereof |
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| CN107058939A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-18 | 东莞市欣悦模具有限公司 | Nitrogen spring plunger rod（Piston rod）Technology for Heating Processing |
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