CN112826791A - 一种光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112826791A CN112826791A CN202110040407.7A CN202110040407A CN112826791A CN 112826791 A CN112826791 A CN 112826791A CN 202110040407 A CN202110040407 A CN 202110040407A CN 112826791 A CN112826791 A CN 112826791A
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- polysaccharide
- cyclodextrin
- microneedle array
- hydrogel
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片及其制备方法,属于药物制剂技术领域。所述光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片,由微针阵列和背衬组成,所述微针基质由两种修饰过的聚多糖主链交联而成的水凝胶制成,两种聚多糖主链的修饰分别为在聚多糖主链上修饰环糊精和偶氮苯基团。含药微针阵列即在水凝胶基质中包载药物,环糊精和偶氮苯基团在可见光条件下亲和度很高,形成主客体包合物进行药物包载,而在紫外光条件下,环糊精和偶氮苯基团亲和度降低,主客体包合物打开,药物释放。这两个过程可逆,因此使得微针阵列在紫外光照射时,药物大量释放;可见光照射时,药物释放量大大减少,从而实现药物的控制释放。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,微针透皮给药系统受到广泛关注并在糖尿病等慢性疾病方向具有广阔的应用前景。一方面,微针阵列能够无痛地穿透皮肤表层到达真皮层以释放药物,真皮层发达的毛细血管网络能够使药物快速发挥作用;同时,在去除微针阵列后皮肤能够迅速恢复,以防止对皮肤组织的长期损害。
微针按照材料和给药方式可分为预处理实心微针、包衣微针、可溶性微针和空心微针。其中包衣微针载药量比较小,预处理实心微针和空心微针的药物递送量较大,但是可能会由于材料问题引起过敏反应,并且空心微针还具有易堵塞的特点。相比前三者而言,可溶性微针由水溶性和生物相容性好的材料制备,具有可在体内降解,使用后不会产生针尖废弃物,载药量比较大,并且材料低廉,制备简单等优点。聚多糖具有优异的生物相容性和体内可降解性,使用聚多糖作为主链可以确保微针阵列贴片的安全性。
外源性胰岛素注射是目前治疗Ⅰ型糖尿病和Ⅱ型晚期糖尿病的常用治疗手段,但长期反复注射会为病人带来痛苦,降低了患者依从性;并且病人无法及时进行剂量调整,可能会出现胰岛素注射不足,引起高血糖并发症,或者注射过量导致低血糖的情况,严重低血糖甚至会危及生命。如果能够将微针透皮技术应用于糖尿病治疗,用于递送胰岛素及其他类型降糖药,不仅能够大大减少病人的痛苦,还能够结合血糖检测技术,对病人血糖进行实时调控,降低副作用。此外,温和的微针制备条件能够降低对包载药物性质和药效的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片及其制备方法,通过分布在聚多糖主链上修饰环糊精和偶氮苯基团,将两种不同的聚多糖主链混合形成水凝胶,环糊精和偶氮苯基团在可见光条件下亲和度很高,形成主客体包合物进行药物包载,而在紫外光条件下,环糊精和偶氮苯基团亲和度降低,主客体包合物打开,药物释放。这两个过程可逆,因此可以使含药微针阵列达到在紫外光照射时,药物大量释放;可见光照射时,药物释放量大大减少,从而实现药物的控制释放。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片,由微针阵列和背衬组成,其中:
所述微针阵列的基质由两种修饰过的聚多糖主链交联而成的水凝胶制成,两种聚多糖主链的修饰分别为在聚多糖主链上修饰环糊精和偶氮苯基团。在水凝胶基质中包载药物得到含药微针阵列。所述背衬由聚多糖水凝胶制成。其中聚多糖的分子量范围为5-2000kD,环糊精在聚多糖主链上的摩尔取代度为1%-60%,偶氮苯基团在聚多糖主链上的摩尔取代度为1%-40%。
进一步地,所述聚多糖主链选自:葡聚糖,壳聚糖,海藻酸钠,透明质酸,甘露糖。
进一步地,所述微针中包载的药物选自:磺脲类促泌剂(格列齐特、格列本脲、格列美脲、格列喹酮、格列齐特等);非磺脲类苯茴酸类衍生物促泌剂(瑞格列奈、那格列奈等);α-糖苷酶抑制剂(糖-100、阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖等);二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂,胰高血糖素多肽-1受体激动剂(艾塞那肽、利拉鲁肽等);胰岛素;二甲双胍;胰岛素增敏剂(罗格列酮、吡格列酮等)等降糖药物以及其他白介素、干扰素、生长因子、酶、疫苗等蛋白多肽类药物。优选为胰岛素等降糖药物。
进一步地,所述光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,合成氨基官能化的环糊精:在催化剂和惰性气体条件下,环糊精和氨基供体在极性溶剂中发生反应,得到氨基官能化的环糊精;
步骤2,环糊精对聚多糖主链的修饰:在缩合剂存在下,氨基官能化的环糊精与聚多糖主链上的羟基通过酰胺化反应连接,得到修饰有环糊精的聚多糖主链;
步骤3,合成氨基官能化的偶氮苯:在催化剂和低温条件下,氨基供体与4-苯基偶氮苯甲酰氯在有机溶剂中通过酰胺化反应连接,得到氨基官能化的偶氮苯;
步骤4,偶氮苯基团对聚多糖主链的修饰:首先将聚多糖用树脂与季铵供体处理后,在缩合剂和催化剂条件下,聚多糖主链和氨基官能化的偶氮苯在极性溶剂中通过酰胺化反应连接,得到修饰有偶氮苯基团的聚多糖主链;
步骤5,制备光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片:将修饰有环糊精的聚多糖主链和修饰有偶氮苯基团的聚多糖主链加至药物溶液中,制成载药水凝胶,然后将载药水凝胶加至微针阵列模具中,制成微针阵列,再加入聚多糖凝胶,制成背衬,经干燥脱模,即可得到光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片。
进一步地,步骤1中,所述环糊精选自α-环糊精和β-环糊精。所述氨基供体为1,6-己二胺,2-乙基己胺,正辛胺。极性溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、无水二甲基甲酰胺或四氢呋喃。氨基供体和环糊精的投料摩尔比为1-20:1,更优选为1-8:1。
进一步地,步骤2中,聚多糖的分子量范围为5-2000kD,所述缩合剂为4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉氯化物;酰胺化反应在缓冲液体系中进行,缓冲液选自4-吗啉乙烷磺酸缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液或醋酸盐缓冲液,氨基官能化的环糊精与聚多糖投料摩尔比为1-50:1,更优选为1-10:1。
进一步地,步骤3中,低温条件为0-10℃,所述有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、乙酸甲酯、碳酸二甲酯或丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯,催化剂为三乙胺,氨基供体为N-Boc-1,6-己二胺。氨基供体与4-苯基偶氮苯甲酰氯的投料摩尔比为1-40:1,更优选为1-10:1。
进一步地,步骤4中,聚多糖的分子量范围为5-2000kD。预处理是先将树脂与季铵供体混合,除去上清液后洗涤树脂,然后将树脂加入到聚多糖的水溶液中,除去树脂后将上清液进行冷冻干燥,得到预处理的聚多糖主链;所述树脂为20-400目阳离子树脂,季铵供体选自氢氧化四丁基铵,四丁基溴化铵,氯化3-氯烯丙基六亚甲基四胺。
进一步地,步骤4中,缩合剂为苯并三唑-1-基-氧三吡咯烷基六氟磷酸,催化剂为三乙胺。氨基官能化的偶氮苯与聚多糖投料摩尔比为1-60:1,更优选为5-20:1。
进一步地,步骤5中,修饰有环糊精的聚多糖和修饰有偶氮苯基团的聚多糖的质量比为1:1-40,更优选为1:1-15。
进一步地,步骤5中,所述药物溶液的溶剂选自磷酸盐缓冲液,盐酸的磷酸盐缓冲液,生理盐水。
在本发明中,采用的微针阵列模具规格为:针长500-1000μm,底部直径150-350μm,微针阵列11*11。
附图说明
图1为本发明中光控水凝胶的释药示意图。
图2为实施例2中修饰有β-环糊精的透明质酸主链的合成路线及得到的氨基化环糊精和修饰有β-环糊精的透明质酸主链的核磁共振氢谱图。
图3为实施例2中在紫外光或者可见光照射下的修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链的吸光度值变化的紫外光谱图。
图4为实施例2中修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链的合成路线及得到的氨基化偶氮苯和修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链的核磁共振氢谱图。
图5为实施例2中包载胰岛素的透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片的数码相机照片和体视显微镜放大照片以及包载了FITC-胰岛素的体视显微镜荧光图片。
图6为实施例2中透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片的透皮效果图。
图7为实施例2中经过透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片处理的小鼠皮肤组织的HE染色和小鼠正常皮肤组织。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是制备一种安全的光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片用于糖尿病治疗,因此本发明提供了一种方法:通过将两种修饰过的聚多糖主链交联而成的水凝胶包载药物制成微针阵列,两种聚多糖主链的修饰分别为在聚多糖主链上修饰环糊精和偶氮苯基团。将环糊精和偶氮苯基团在可见光条件下亲和度很高,形成主客体包合物进行药物包载,而在紫外光条件下,环糊精和偶氮苯基团亲和度降低,主客体包合物打开,药物释放。这两个过程可逆,因此可以使含药微针阵列达到在紫外光照射时,药物大量释放;可见光照射时,药物释放量大大减少,从而实现药物的控制释放。
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。应了解,实施例中所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过正规渠道购买得到的常规产品。
应了解,在以上例示性描述以及以下具体实例中,对一些物质、范围、用量等作了具体性的描述,但是应该知道的是,这些具体性的描述应该仅仅视为作为示例以便对本发明的方案进行具体详细的说明,而不应理解为本发明的保护范围仅限定于这些相应的物质或者范围,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求书为准。
实施例1
包载胰岛素的葡聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备
步骤1,氨基官能化的β-环糊精的合成:首先将2g β-环糊精溶于4 mL 二甲基亚砜中,随后,将0.1g N,N'-羰基二咪唑溶于2mL 二甲基亚砜中,并逐滴加入到β-环糊精溶液中,在30℃下搅拌4小时后,将1g 1,6-己二胺加入溶液中,在室温下搅拌48小时后,将混合物用乙酸乙酯沉淀,并将沉淀物使用去离子水透析纯化6小时,冷冻干燥后,得到氨基官能化的β-环糊精。
步骤2,修饰有β-环糊精的葡聚糖主链的合成:将0. 5g葡聚糖、0.4 g氨基官能化的β-环糊精和0.35g 4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉氯化物溶解在25mL的4-吗啉乙烷磺酸缓冲液中。在56℃下搅拌12小时后,将混合物使用去离子水透析纯化3天。冷冻干燥后,得到修饰有β-环糊精的葡聚糖主链。
步骤3,氨基官能化的偶氮苯的合成:在冰浴中,将1g Boc-NH2和2.5 mL 三乙胺溶于40 mL二氯甲烷中,此后,将0.5g 4-苯基偶氮苯甲酰氯溶于10mL 二氯甲烷中,滴加到上述溶液中,将所得溶液在室温搅拌过夜,然后将混合物用0.1M HCl萃取,收集有机层,并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,得到Boc保护的偶氮苯基团(Azo-Boc)。随后,将1.07 gAzo-Boc溶于40 mL 二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸的混合溶液中(v/v=1:1)。在室温下搅拌3小时后,通过在室温下溶剂蒸发得到氨基官能化的偶氮苯。
步骤4,修饰偶氮苯基团的葡聚糖主链的合成:首先用250mL去离子水洗涤12.5g20-400目离子交换树脂3次,将过量的氢氧化四丁基铵加入树脂中混合30分钟,将混合物进一步过滤以除去上清液,并用50mL的去离子水洗涤。随后,首先将10 g的葡聚糖溶解在100mL的去离子水中,然后添加到处理后的树脂中。混合3小时后,将上清液过滤以除去树脂,得到透明的溶液,冻干后得到处理后的葡聚糖主链。将1 g葡聚糖、0.16 g氨基官能化的偶氮苯,0.5 g苯并三唑-1-基-氧三吡咯烷基六氟磷酸 和10μL三乙胺溶解在12 mL二甲基亚砜中,室温搅拌12小时后,将混合物在乙酸乙酯中沉淀。将沉淀物使用去离子水透析纯化3天。冷冻干燥后,得到修饰有偶氮苯基团的葡聚糖主链。
步骤5,包载胰岛素的葡聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备:取2mL 0.1M盐酸的磷酸盐缓冲液,加入1mg胰岛素配置成0.5mg/mL 胰岛素溶液。取0.5mL胰岛素溶液,其中加入5mg修饰有β-环糊精的葡聚糖主链和10mg修饰有偶氮苯基团的葡聚糖主链,静置等待溶胀溶解形成水凝胶后混匀。然后将葡聚糖水凝胶加入到针长600μm,底部直径290μm,阵列11*11的模具中,5000rpm离心20min,然后刮除表面水凝胶后加入10%(w/v)葡聚糖水凝胶,5000rpm离心5min,干燥后脱模,得到包载胰岛素的葡聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片。
实施例2
包载胰岛素的透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备
步骤1,氨基官能化的β-环糊精的合成:首先将2g β-环糊精溶于4 mL 二甲基亚砜中,随后,将0.1g N,N'-羰基二咪唑溶于2mL 二甲基亚砜中,并逐滴加入到β-环糊精溶液中,在30℃下搅拌4小时后,将1g 1,6-己二胺加入溶液中,在室温下搅拌48小时后,将混合物用乙酸乙酯沉淀,并将沉淀物使用去离子水透析纯化2小时,冷冻干燥后,得到氨基官能化的β-环糊精。
步骤2,修饰有β-环糊精的透明质酸主链的合成:将0. 5g透明质酸钠盐、0.4 g氨基官能化的β-环糊精和0.35g 4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉氯化物溶解在25 mL的4-吗啉乙烷磺酸缓冲液中。在56℃下搅拌12小时后,将混合物使用去离子水透析纯化3天。冷冻干燥后,得到修饰有β-环糊精的透明质酸主链。
步骤3,氨基官能化的偶氮苯的合成:在冰浴中,将1g Boc-NH2和2.5 mL 三乙胺溶于40 mL二氯甲烷中。此后,将0.5g 4-苯基偶氮苯甲酰氯溶于10mL 二氯甲烷中,滴加到上述溶液中。将所得溶液在室温搅拌过夜。然后将混合物用0.1M HCl萃取,并收集有机层,并用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压除去溶剂,得到Boc保护的偶氮苯基团(Azo-Boc)。随后,将1.07 gAzo-Boc溶于40 mL 二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸的混合溶液中(v/v=1:1)。在室温下搅拌3小时后,通过在室温下溶剂蒸发得到氨基官能化的偶氮苯。
步骤4,修饰偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链的合成:首先用250mL去离子水洗涤12.5g20-400目离子交换树脂3次,将过量的氢氧化四丁基铵加入树脂中混合30分钟,将混合物进一步过滤以除去上清液,并用50mL的去离子水洗涤。随后,首先将1 g的透明质酸钠溶解在100 mL的去离子水中,然后添加到处理后的树脂中。混合3小时后,将上清液过滤以除去树脂,得到透明的溶液,冻干后得到处理后的透明质酸主链。然后将0.1 g处理后的透明质酸主链、0.024 g氨基官能化的偶氮苯、0.6 g苯并三唑-1-基-氧三吡咯烷基六氟磷酸 和15μL三乙胺溶解在12 mL二甲基亚砜中,室温搅拌12小时后,将混合物在乙酸乙酯中沉淀。将沉淀物使用去离子水透析纯化3天。冷冻干燥后,得到修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链。
为了进一步证明偶氮苯基团与透明质酸主链结合后存在光异构化特性,下面对其进行了具体验证。
在可见光下,0.2mg/mL修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链在约330 nm处的吸收峰高于约440 nm在吸收峰处,表明偶氮苯的反式构型。在用365 nm的紫外线分别照射15s、30s、60s和120s之后,修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链吸收光谱在330 nm处的吸光度即π-π*跃迁时间依赖性明显降低,在440 nm处的吸光度即n-π*跃迁随之增加,这表明顺式结构的偶氮苯的增加,如图2中A所示。当再次用可见光分别照射15s,30s,60s和120s之后,修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链的吸收光谱逐步恢复到其原始形式,如图2中B所示,表明偶氮苯单元从顺式转变为反式。
步骤5,包载胰岛素的透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备:取2mL0.1M盐酸的磷酸盐缓冲液,加入1.0mg胰岛素配置成0.5mg/mL 胰岛素溶液。取0.5mL胰岛素溶液,其中加入5mg修饰有β-环糊精的透明质酸主链和15mg修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链,静置等待溶胀溶解形成水凝胶后混匀。然后将透明质酸水凝胶加入到针长600μm,底部直径290μm,阵列11*11的模具中,5000rpm离心20min,然后刮除表面水凝胶后加入20%(w/v)透明质酸钠水凝胶,5000rpm离心5min,干燥后脱模,得到包载胰岛素的透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片。
图3和图4验证了氨基化环糊精、氨基化偶氮苯、修饰有β-环糊精的透明质酸主链和修饰有偶氮苯基团的透明质酸主链的合成。
实施例3
包载胰岛素的壳聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备
步骤1,氨基官能化的α-环糊精的合成:首先将2g α-环糊精溶于4 mL 二甲基亚砜中,随后,将0.3g N,N'-羰基二咪唑溶于2mL 二甲基亚砜中,并逐滴加入到α-环糊精溶液中,在30℃下搅拌4小时后,将1g 1,6-己二胺加入溶液中,在室温下搅拌48小时后,将混合物用乙酸乙酯沉淀,并将沉淀物使用去离子水透析纯化6小时,冷冻干燥后,得到氨基官能化的α-环糊精。
步骤2,修饰有α-环糊精的壳聚糖主链的合成:将0.5g壳聚糖、0.4 g氨基官能化的α-环糊精和0.35g 4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉氯化物溶解在25 mL的4-吗啉乙烷磺酸缓冲液中。在56℃下搅拌12小时后,将混合物使用去离子水透析纯化3天。冷冻干燥后,得到修饰有α-环糊精的壳聚糖主链。
步骤3,氨基官能化的偶氮苯的合成:在冰浴中,将1g Boc-NH2和2.5 mL 三乙胺溶于40 mL二氯甲烷中,此后,将1g 4-苯基偶氮苯甲酰氯溶于10mL 二氯甲烷中,滴加到上述溶液中,将所得溶液在室温搅拌过夜,然后将混合物用0.1M HCl萃取,收集有机层,并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,得到Boc保护的偶氮苯基团(Azo-Boc)。随后,将1.07 g Azo-Boc溶于40 mL 二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸的混合溶液中(v/v=1:1)。在室温下搅拌3小时后,通过在室温下溶剂蒸发得到氨基官能化的偶氮苯。
步骤4,步骤4,修饰偶氮苯基团的壳聚糖主链的合成:首先用250mL去离子水洗涤12.5g 20-400目离子交换树脂3次,将过量的氢氧化四丁基铵加入树脂中混合30分钟,将混合物进一步过滤以除去上清液,并用50mL的去离子水洗涤。随后,首先将5 g壳聚糖溶解在100 mL的去离子水中,然后添加到处理后的树脂中。混合3小时后,将上清液过滤以除去树脂,得到透明的溶液,冻干后得到处理后的壳聚糖主链。然后将1 g处理后的壳聚糖主链、0.024 g氨基官能化的偶氮苯、0.6 g苯并三唑-1-基-氧三吡咯烷基六氟磷酸 和15μL三乙胺溶解在12 mL二甲基亚砜中,室温搅拌12小时后,将混合物在乙酸乙酯中沉淀。将沉淀物使用去离子水透析纯化3天。冷冻干燥后,得到修饰有偶氮苯基团的壳聚糖主链。
步骤5,包载胰岛素的壳聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备:取2mL 0.1M盐酸的磷酸盐缓冲液,加入1mg胰岛素配置成0.5mg/mL 胰岛素溶液。取0.5mL胰岛素溶液,其中加入5mg修饰有α-环糊精的壳聚糖主链和10mg修饰有偶氮苯基团的壳聚糖主链,静置等待溶胀溶解形成水凝胶后混匀。然后将透明质酸水凝胶加入到针长600μm,底部直径290μm,阵列11*11的模具中,5000rpm离心20min,然后刮除表面水凝胶后加入15%(w/v)壳聚糖水凝胶,5000rpm离心5min,干燥后脱模,得到包载胰岛素的壳聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片。
实施例4
包载艾塞那肽的葡聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备
步骤1,氨基官能化的β-环糊精的合成:首先将2g β-环糊精溶于4 mL 二甲基亚砜中,随后,将0.1g N,N'-羰基二咪唑溶于2mL 二甲基亚砜中,并逐滴加入到β-环糊精溶液中,在30℃下搅拌4小时后,将1g 1,6-己二胺加入溶液中,在室温下搅拌48小时后,将混合物用乙酸乙酯沉淀,并将沉淀物使用去离子水透析纯化6小时,冷冻干燥后,得到氨基官能化的β-环糊精。
步骤2,修饰有β-环糊精的葡聚糖主链的合成:将0. 5g葡聚糖、0.4 g氨基官能化的β-环糊精和0.35g 4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉氯化物溶解在25mL的4-吗啉乙烷磺酸缓冲液中。在56℃下搅拌12小时后,将混合物使用去离子水透析纯化3天。冷冻干燥后,得到修饰有β-环糊精的葡聚糖主链。
步骤3,氨基官能化的偶氮苯的合成:在冰浴中,将1g Boc-NH2和2.5 mL 三乙胺溶于40 mL二氯甲烷中,此后,将0.5g 4-苯基偶氮苯甲酰氯溶于10mL 二氯甲烷中,滴加到上述溶液中,将所得溶液在室温搅拌过夜,然后将混合物用0.1M HCl萃取,收集有机层,并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,得到Boc保护的偶氮苯基团(Azo-Boc)。随后,将1.07 gAzo-Boc溶于40 mL 二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸的混合溶液中(v/v=1:1)。在室温下搅拌3小时后,通过在室温下溶剂蒸发得到氨基官能化的偶氮苯。
步骤4,修饰偶氮苯基团的葡聚糖主链的合成:首先用250mL去离子水洗涤12.5g20-400目离子交换树脂3次,将过量的氢氧化四丁基铵加入树脂中混合30分钟,将混合物进一步过滤以除去上清液,并用50mL的去离子水洗涤。随后,首先将10 g的葡聚糖溶解在100mL的去离子水中,然后添加到处理后的树脂中。混合3小时后,将上清液过滤以除去树脂,得到透明的溶液,冻干后得到处理后的葡聚糖主链。将1 g葡聚糖、0.16 g氨基官能化的偶氮苯,0.5 g苯并三唑-1-基-氧三吡咯烷基六氟磷酸 和10μL三乙胺溶解在12 mL二甲基亚砜中,室温搅拌12小时后,将混合物在乙酸乙酯中沉淀。将沉淀物使用去离子水透析纯化3天。冷冻干燥后,得到修饰有偶氮苯基团的葡聚糖主链。
步骤5,包载艾塞那肽的葡聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备:取1mL磷酸盐缓冲液,加入2mg艾塞那肽配置成2mg/mL 胰岛素溶液。取0.5mL艾塞那肽溶液,其中加入5mg修饰有β-环糊精的葡聚糖主链和10mg修饰有偶氮苯基团的葡聚糖主链,静置等待溶胀溶解形成水凝胶后混匀。然后将葡聚糖水凝胶加入到针长600μm,底部直径290μm,阵列11*11的模具中,5000rpm离心20min,然后刮除表面水凝胶后加入10%(w/v)葡聚糖水凝胶,5000rpm离心5min,干燥后脱模,得到包载艾塞那肽的葡聚糖水凝胶微针阵列贴片。
下面对水凝胶微针阵列贴片的载药和皮肤穿刺效果进行进一步验证。
1. 水凝胶微针阵列贴片的载药效果
称取20mg胰岛素粉末溶于2mL pH7.0的磷酸缓冲液(含0.2mM EDTA),配成10mg/mL的胰岛素溶液;称取5mg FITC粉末溶于1mL丙酮中,以少量DMSO助溶,配成5mg/mL的FITC溶液。取804μL FITC溶液逐滴加入至胰岛素溶液中,使FITC与胰岛素的摩尔比为3:1。避光条件下室温反应12h后,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋在纯水中透析2天,冻干得FITC标记的胰岛素(insulin-FITC)。
参照实施例1的方法制备负载insulin-FITC的微针阵列。
图5证明了包载胰岛素的透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片的成功制备,并且可以看到FITC标记的胰岛素成功被包载,并且主要沉积在微针阵列贴片的针尖,这也有助于药物的释放。
2、透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片的皮肤穿刺效果
由于亚甲基蓝溶液能够对微针在皮肤上造成的小孔洞进行染色,而对完整皮肤没有染色效果。所以首先用剃毛器剃掉小鼠背部毛发,用4%水合氯醛对小鼠进行麻醉,然后将微针阵列贴片贴在小鼠暴露的皮肤处,20min后除去微针阵列贴片,2%亚甲基蓝溶液染色5min,然后用酒精棉拭去多余亚甲基蓝溶液后,对小鼠进行安乐死以便于拍照,最后用数码相机进行拍照。然后将皮肤组织在4%多聚甲醛中固定,进行切片,HE染色。
图6表示了透明质酸水凝胶微针阵列贴片的透皮效果,图7证明了微针能够插入到组织中。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变化,这些改进和变化也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片,由微针阵列和背衬组成,其特征在于:
所述微针阵列的基质由两种修饰过的聚多糖主链交联而成的水凝胶制成,两种修饰过的聚多糖主链分别为在聚多糖主链上修饰环糊精和偶氮苯基团,在水凝胶中包载药物得到含药微针阵列;
所述背衬由聚多糖水凝胶制成;
其中聚多糖的分子量范围为5-2000kD,环糊精在聚多糖主链上的摩尔取代度为1%-60%,偶氮苯基团在聚多糖主链上的摩尔取代度为1%-40%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片,其特征在于聚多糖主链选自葡聚糖、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、透明质酸或甘露糖。
3.权利要求1所述光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,合成氨基官能化的环糊精:在催化剂和惰性气体条件下,环糊精和氨基供体在极性溶剂中发生反应,得到氨基官能化的环糊精;
步骤2,环糊精对聚多糖主链的修饰:在缩合剂存在下,氨基官能化的环糊精与聚多糖主链上的羟基通过酰胺化反应连接,得到修饰有环糊精的聚多糖主链;
步骤3,合成氨基官能化的偶氮苯:在催化剂和低温条件下,氨基供体与4-苯基偶氮苯甲酰氯在有机溶剂中通过酰胺化反应连接,得到氨基官能化的偶氮苯;
步骤4,偶氮苯基团对聚多糖主链的修饰:首先将聚多糖用树脂与季铵供体预处理后,在缩合剂和催化剂条件下,聚多糖主链和氨基官能化的偶氮苯在极性溶剂中通过酰胺化反应连接,得到修饰有偶氮苯基团的聚多糖主链;
步骤5,制备光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片:将修饰有环糊精的聚多糖主链和修饰有偶氮苯基团的聚多糖主链加至药物溶液中,制成载药水凝胶,然后将载药水凝胶加至微针阵列模具中,制成微针阵列,再加入聚多糖凝胶,制成背衬,经干燥脱模,即可得到光控水凝胶微针阵列贴片。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1中,所述环糊精为α-环糊精或β-环糊精;所述氨基供体选自1,6-己二胺、2-乙基己胺或正辛胺;极性溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、无水二甲基甲酰胺或四氢呋喃;氨基供体和环糊精的投料摩尔比为1-20:1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中,聚多糖的分子量范围为5-2000kD,所述缩合剂为4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉氯化物;酰胺化反应在缓冲液体系中进行,缓冲液选自4-吗啉乙烷磺酸缓冲液、磷酸盐缓冲液或醋酸盐缓冲液,氨基官能化的环糊精与聚多糖的投料摩尔比为1-50:1。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3中,低温条件为0-10℃,所述有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、乙酸甲酯、碳酸二甲酯或丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯,催化剂为三乙胺,氨基供体为N-Boc-1,6-己二胺;氨基供体与4-苯基偶氮苯甲酰氯的投料摩尔比为1-40:1。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4中,聚多糖的分子量范围为5-2000kD;预处理是先将树脂与季铵供体混合,除去上清液后洗涤树脂,然后将树脂加入到聚多糖的水溶液中,除去树脂后将上清液进行冷冻干燥,得到预处理的聚多糖主链;所述树脂为20-400目阳离子树脂,季铵供体选自氢氧化四丁基铵,四丁基溴化铵,氯化3-氯烯丙基六亚甲基四胺。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4中,缩合剂为苯并三唑-1-基-氧三吡咯烷基六氟磷酸,催化剂为三乙胺;氨基官能化的偶氮苯与聚多糖投料摩尔比为1-60:1,更优选为5-20:1。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5中,修饰有环糊精的聚多糖和修饰有偶氮苯基团的聚多糖的质量比为1:1-40。
10.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5中,所述药物选自磺脲类促泌剂、非磺脲类苯茴酸类衍生物促泌剂、α-糖苷酶抑制剂、二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂、胰高血糖素多肽-1受体激动剂、胰岛素、二甲双胍、胰岛素增敏剂、白介素、干扰素、生长因子、酶、疫苗;所述药物溶液的溶剂选自磷酸盐缓冲液、盐酸的磷酸盐缓冲液或生理盐水。
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