CN112825971A - 一种怀孕母猪配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种怀孕母猪配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及饲料技术领域,提供了一种怀孕母猪配合饲料及其制备方法。该配合饲料主要由玉米、压片皮大麦、普通豆粕、复合发酵饲料、膨化亚麻籽混合物、无糖浆甜菜粕、高蛋白苜蓿草粉、小麦麸、磷酸氢钙、石粉、食盐、活性酵母、氨甲酰谷氨酸、L‑肉碱、复合精油、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素以及多维制成。该配合饲料配比合理,适口性好,易于消化吸收,并能改善怀孕母猪体质,减少便秘,提高母猪繁殖率。还能改善仔猪的免疫力和体质,提高窝均产仔数和窝存活仔数,增加窝均重,与传统怀孕母猪料相比,突出改善高产母猪的胃肠道健康、胚胎的健康发育、以及使用的经济性、环保性和生态的安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料技术领域,特别涉及一种怀孕母猪配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
国内规模化养猪业主要饲养的是瘦肉型猪,而瘦肉型母猪生产效率的提升是提高养猪整体效率的关键之一。全球育种专家经过数十年的努力,瘦肉型母猪的产子性能得到了大幅度的提升。从1992年总产子数(每胎)不到12头,提高到了2019年的国际高水平平均18头以上(某些高产品种)。而随着母猪产子数的提升,从业人员需要面对出现的各种新问题:宫内发育不良仔猪增多;单个仔猪的初乳摄入量减少;更多仔猪活力不足;单个仔猪的平均出生重降低;仔猪的均匀度降低;健康问题增多等。产生以上问题的原因是多种多样的,而其中营养不足是一个重要方面,因此营养学专家希望能从怀孕母猪营养方面寻求突破,以降低以上问题的发生率。而动物福利的改善对以上问题也有影响;同时养殖过程中的环保问题,尤其是氮磷污染问题越来越受到重视,而抗生素的滥用造成的耐药性问题以及超级细菌的不断出现,减少甚至杜绝抗生素在养猪饲料中的应用也不断受到重视。另外,饲料限制抗生素使用后,猪肠道方面的腹泻疾病会大大增加,而腹泻疾病往往会造成母猪繁殖性能低下。因此针对现代高产母猪的上述问题,开发一种环保、无抗,并有效降低仔猪宫内发育不良发生率、提升仔猪活力、提高仔猪均匀度、改善母猪初乳质量和产量,改善母猪福利的怀孕母猪配合饲料显得非常具有现实意义。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种改善高产瘦肉型怀孕母猪综合生产性能的环保、无抗、高动物福利的粉状怀孕母猪配合饲料的制备方法。
本发明提供的怀孕母猪配合饲料,由以下按重量份计的原料制备而成:玉米20-50份、压片皮大麦20-30份、普通豆粕5-10份、复合发酵饲料5-10份、膨化亚麻籽混合物1-4份、无糖浆甜菜粕3-7份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉2-6份、小麦麸4-10份、磷酸氢钙1-2份、石粉0.5-1.5份、食盐0.2-0.5份、活性酵母0.01-0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.03-0.05份、L-肉碱0.01-0.02份、复合精油0.02-0.03份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物2-6份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.04-0.05份、多维0.04-0.05份。
优选的,所述怀孕母猪配合饲料由以下按重量份计的原料制备而成:玉米25-45份、压片皮大麦22-28份、普通豆粕6-9份、复合发酵饲料6-8份、膨化亚麻籽混合物1-4份、无糖浆甜菜粕4-6份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉2-5份、小麦麸5-9份、磷酸氢钙1-2份、石粉0.7-1.5份、食盐0.2-0.4份、活性酵母0.01-0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.03-0.05份、L-肉碱0.01-0.02份、复合精油0.02-0.03份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物3-5份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.04-0.05份、多维0.04-0.05份。
优选的,所述怀孕母猪配合饲料由以下按重量份计的原料制备而成:玉米40份、压片皮大麦26份、普通豆粕8份、复合发酵饲料8份、膨化亚麻籽混合物3份、无糖浆甜菜粕5份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉5份、小麦麸8份、磷酸氢钙2份、石粉1.3份、食盐0.4份、活性酵母0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.05份、L-肉碱0.02份、复合精油0.03份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物5份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.05份、多维0.05份。
进一步,所述有机微量元素包括有机铜、有机锰、有机硒、有机铬;复合包被微量元素包括硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、碘酸钾;复合精油包括香芹酚、百里香酚;多维包括维生素A乙酸酯、维生素D3、dl-a-生育酚乙酸酯、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌(MSB)、盐酸硫胺、核黄素、D-泛酸钙、烟酰胺、盐酸吡哆醇、D-生物素、叶酸。
进一步,所述微量元素有机铜、有机锰、有机硒、有机铬按微量元素有效成分计算重量比为25﹕200﹕1﹕1复配;复合包被微量元素硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、碘酸钾按微量元素有效成分计算重量比为300﹕15﹕1复配,且总的有机微量元素和总的复合包被微量元素按微量元素有效成分计算重量比为1﹕2;复合精油香芹酚、百里香酚按重量比1﹕1复配;多维维生素A乙酸酯、维生素D3、dl-a-生育酚乙酸酯、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌(MSB)、盐酸硫胺、核黄素、D-泛酸钙、烟酰胺、盐酸吡哆醇、D-生物素、叶酸按重量比70:1:1400:60:40:120:400:600:60:8:3复配。
进一步,所述楸树叶和构树叶发酵物按重量配比为2:1配比发酵。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述所述一种改善高产瘦肉型怀孕母猪综合生产性能的环保、无抗、高动物福利的粉状怀孕母猪配合饲料的制备方法。具体步骤如下:
(1)复合发酵饲料的制备方法:将玉米、豆粕、麸皮等粉碎后过10~20目筛,按照质量比5%~20%∶5%~20%∶60%~90%的比例混合,加入0.02%~0.03%的复合酶。复合微生物制剂按照占发酵原料重量0.01%~0.02%的接种量,加入水中搅拌均匀,与复合酶、发酵原料充分混合后,调整水分质量百分含量为30%~45%,均匀混合。装入带有呼吸阀的发酵袋或发酵容器中,密封,室温下发酵4~10天(可根据室温高低调节)即生产得到复合发酵饲料。
(2)楸树叶和构树叶发酵物的制备方法:将按重量比的2份楸树叶和1份构树叶进行切断打碎,添加10%-15%玉米、5%-10%豆粕及发酵微生物(酵母菌和约氏乳杆菌)0.02%和酶制剂(纤维素酶)0.03%装袋进行发酵即得。
(3)膨化亚麻籽混合物制备方法:为了更有效清除生亚麻籽中的有毒物质生氰糖苷,并改善原料的消化率,需要对亚麻籽进行脱毒处理。
膨化亚麻籽混合物制备方法是通过湿法工艺进行膨化:将50份-70份亚麻籽和30份-50份低脂原料(玉米)混合粗粉后(粉碎粒度20-30目),加水,使含水率达到14.5%~16.8%,按照65-78kg/h的喂料速度,送入到挤压膨化机内,在膨化温度为130~150℃、螺杆转速175-195r/min的膨化参数下进行物料的充分加工。按照此工艺膨化后的亚麻籽混合物,经检测,氰化氢(HCN)去除率达到93%以上。通过挤压膨化工艺,不仅增加了氨基酸和可溶性膳食纤维含量,减少了游离脂肪和水分含量,使淀粉发生糊化裂解,水溶性指数升高,吸水性指数下降,且大大提高了营养物质利用率和原料的安全性。
(4)粗粉碎工艺:特高NDF水平,以满足胃肠充盈的需要,实现高采食量低增重的目的;杜绝采用常见的含高抗营养因子大豆皮作为纤维源,避免胎儿毒性发生。避免使用快速发酵纤维源,保证可发酵纤维源在母猪后肠段的持续中慢速发酵,为母猪提供持续的脂肪酸能量,获得长时间的饱腹感,有效改善母猪的肠胃福利。为了保证胃肠道的持续蠕动消化功能,产品采用精确粉碎工艺,细度范围在800-900μm,避免母猪胃溃疡等疾病的发生。
(5)将步骤1、2、3制备的物质与本发明专利申请的原料玉米、普通豆粕、无糖浆甜菜粕混合,粉碎,再与其余成分混合均匀,过筛,即得到所述的改善高产瘦肉型怀孕母猪综合生产性能的环保、无抗、高动物福利的粉状怀孕母猪配合饲料。
与现有技术相比较,本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
本发明在基础饲料中添加了利用酵母菌和约氏乳杆菌对楸树叶和构树叶进行发酵的发酵物,楸树叶和构树叶发酵物中微生态系统可以更多的进入母猪体内改善母猪肠道系统环境,使降低腹泻率效果更好,更有益于维持猪免疫因子水平。
另外,采用酵母菌和约氏乳杆菌发酵的构树叶和楸树叶的发酵物的蛋白含量和赖氨酸含量相对较高。同时发酵后的构树叶和楸树叶适口性较好,可以增强母猪食欲。
另外,本发明公开的饲料中加入复合精油百里香酚和香芹酚,试验结果表明,构树叶和楸树叶的发酵物以及复合精油联合使用,能够明显降低母猪流产数、增加窝产仔数和窝产活仔数、增加初生窝重、降低母猪便秘率和仔猪腹泻率。
另外,本发明饲料中含有N-甲酰谷氨酸、活酵母、包被微量元素、L-肉碱等多种功能性原料,能够有效改善高产母猪及胎儿的发育和健康,避免母猪流产,降低母猪便秘率,提高母猪窝产仔数和窝产活仔数,并且增加初生仔猪窝重,使仔猪血清总蛋白值和抗氧化能力提升,增强强仔猪抗病能力。
本发明提供的怀孕母猪配合饲料能够很好的补充母猪生长所需的营养,使母猪抗病率提高,减少仔猪腹泻疾病的发生,改善胎儿血液供应和营养供给水平,提高母猪繁殖性能、哺乳仔猪非特异性免疫能力以及抗氧化能力,提高仔猪抗病力的同时还大大降低了饲料生产的原料成本。
附图说明
图1为试验母猪的产仔性能对比效果
图2为仔猪血清的免疫指标对比效果
图3为断奶仔猪血液抗氧化指标对比效果
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
怀孕母猪配合饲料制备:玉米20份、压片皮大麦20份、普通豆粕5份、复合发酵饲料5份、膨化亚麻籽混合物1份、无糖浆甜菜粕3份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉2份、小麦麸4份、磷酸氢钙1份、石粉0.5份、食盐0.2份、活性酵母0.01份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.03份、L-肉碱0.01份、复合精油0.02份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物2份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.04份、多维0.04份。将上述的玉米、压片皮大麦、普通豆粕、复合发酵饲料、膨化亚麻籽混合物、无糖浆甜菜粕混合,粉碎,再与其余成分混合均匀,过筛即得。
实施例2
怀孕母猪配合饲料制备:玉米50份、压片皮大麦30份、普通豆粕10份、复合发酵饲料10份、膨化亚麻籽混合物4份、无糖浆甜菜粕7份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉6份、小麦麸10份、磷酸氢钙2份、石粉1.5份、食盐0.5份、活性酵母0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.05份、L-肉碱0.02份、复合精油0.03份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物6份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.05份、多维0.05份。将上述的玉米、压片皮大麦、普通豆粕、复合发酵饲料、膨化亚麻籽混合物、无糖浆甜菜粕混合,粉碎,再与其余成分混合均匀,过筛即得。
实施例3
怀孕母猪配合饲料制备:玉米25份、压片皮大麦22份、普通豆粕6份、复合发酵饲料6份、膨化亚麻籽混合物1份、无糖浆甜菜粕4份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉2份、小麦麸5份、磷酸氢钙1份、石粉0.7份、食盐0.2份、活性酵母0.01份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.03份、L-肉碱0.01份、复合精油0.02份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物3份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.04份、多维0.04份。将上述的玉米、压片皮大麦、普通豆粕、复合发酵饲料、膨化亚麻籽混合物、无糖浆甜菜粕混合,粉碎,再与其余成分混合均匀,过筛即得。
实施例4
怀孕母猪配合饲料制备:玉米45份、压片皮大麦28份、普通豆粕9份、复合发酵饲料8份、膨化亚麻籽混合物4份、无糖浆甜菜粕6份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉5份、小麦麸9份、磷酸氢钙2份、石粉1.5份、食盐0.4份、活性酵母0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.05份、L-肉碱0.02份、复合精油0.03份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物5份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.05份、多维0.05份。将上述的玉米、压片皮大麦、普通豆粕、复合发酵饲料、膨化亚麻籽混合物、无糖浆甜菜粕混合,粉碎,再与其余成分混合均匀,过筛即得。
实施例5
怀孕母猪配合饲料制备:玉米40份、压片皮大麦26份、普通豆粕8份、复合发酵饲料8份、膨化亚麻籽混合物3份、无糖浆甜菜粕5份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉5份、小麦麸8份、磷酸氢钙2份、石粉1.3份、食盐0.4份、活性酵母0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.05份、L-肉碱0.02份、复合精油0.03份、楸树叶和的发酵物5份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.05份、多维0.05份。将上述的玉米、压片皮大麦、普通豆粕、复合发酵饲料、膨化亚麻籽混合物、无糖浆甜菜粕混合,粉碎,再与其余成分混合均匀,过筛即得。
为表明本发明饲料的有益效果,对本发明饲料进行临床试验疗效观察,以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明饲料的有益效果。
试验例1构树叶和楸树叶发酵菌种的选择
将单一或者复合菌种作为发酵菌种,构树叶和楸树叶按重量比的2份楸树叶和1份构树叶进行切断打碎,添加10%-15%玉米、5%-10%豆粕为发酵底物,30℃发酵7天,7天后,风干粉碎,检测,结果如表1所示。
表1-发酵菌种的筛选
从表1可知,采用不同菌株或菌株组合对构树叶和楸树叶进行发酵,其中使用酵母菌和约氏乳杆菌复合发酵楸树叶和构树叶的发酵效果最好。
试验例2发酵构树叶和楸树叶配置的怀孕母猪配合饲料对母猪便秘和繁殖性能的影响。
具体试验方法为:选用90头配种成功后精神状态良好、体态健康的体重和胎次都相近的长白×大白二元母猪,随机分为9个组,每组10头母猪,试验期为120天,试验1组使用实施例1制得的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂母猪;试验2组使用实施例2制得的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂母猪;试验3组使用实施例3制得的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂母猪;试验4组使用实施例4制得的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂母猪;试验5组使用实施例5制得的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂母猪;试验6组采用实施例5方法制备的母猪配合料(不加入构树叶和楸树叶的发酵物,其他成分与实施例5相同)饲喂母猪;试验7组采用实施例5方法制备的母猪配合料(不加入复合精油百里香酚和香芹酚,其他成分与实施例5相同)饲喂母猪;试验8组采用实施例5方法制备的母猪配合料(不加入构树叶和楸树叶的发酵物以及复合精油百里香酚和香芹酚,其他成分与实施例5相同)饲喂母猪;试验9组使用市售的怀孕母猪配合饲料(组成成分包括:玉米、压片皮大麦、普通豆粕、复合发酵饲料、膨化亚麻籽混合物、无糖浆甜菜粕、高蛋白苜蓿草粉、小麦麸、磷酸氢钙、石粉、食盐、活性酵母、氨甲酰谷氨酸、L-肉碱、复合精油、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素、多维等)饲喂母猪;其余饲养条件基本相同。试验结束后比较各组母猪的繁殖性能(窝产仔数、产活仔数、母猪便秘情况、仔猪出生窝重、仔猪腹泻率)。结果如表2所示。
表2-不同配合料对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响
由表2可知,本发明饲料试验组(试验1-5组)与市售的怀孕母猪配合饲料组试验9组相比较,可以减少母猪的流产数,降低母猪便秘率,提高了窝产仔数和窝产活仔数,增加了初生窝重,其中试验5组效果最明显,使用的是实施例5制备的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂,是本发明饲料的最佳配方。试验6组、试验7组、试验8组分别与试验5组相比较,说明构树叶和楸树叶的发酵物以及复合精油联合使用,能够明显降低母猪流产数、增加窝产仔数和窝产活仔数、增加初生窝重、降低母猪便秘率和仔猪腹泻率。
试验例3
为了进一步表明本发明饲料的有益效果,2019年5月31日至2019年10月15日在大北农玉田种猪场进行了试验,试验结果如下:1、试验材料与方法
1.1试验时间和地点
试验时间:2019年5月31日—2019年10月15日。
试验地点:河北玉田大北农猪场。
1.2试验动物
试验选用新美系长白二元杂交经产(第二胎)体重相近的母猪30头。
1.3试验方法
将30头同天配种的体重相近且健康状态良好的经产母猪采用单因素设计方法,随机分为3组,每组10头母猪,第1组和第2组作为试验组,第3组作为对照组,试验1组使用实施例2制备的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂,试验2组使用实施例5制备的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂,对照组采用某公司生产的市售怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂。预试期21天(配种期),正式试验期137天(114天妊娠期+23天哺乳期)。
1.4试验日粮
本发明专利实施例2和实施例5制备的怀孕母猪配合饲料以及某公司生产的市售怀孕母猪配合饲料。
1.5饲养管理
母猪饲养管理:同一天发情能繁母猪经过人工受精配种后,经过21天的观察测定确认受孕后,进入同一栏舍单栏单头限位饲养,饮水器自由饮水,并采用人工投料,限制饲养的方式,妊娠期日投料两次(8:00、18:00);哺乳期投料3次(6:00、16:00、1:00)。试验期间按照猪场常规程序进行日常的管理和保健。
仔猪饲养管理:仔猪出生后2小时以内采食初乳,每头仔猪固定用一个奶头哺乳;第3天和第7天仔猪肌肉注射补铁制剂1mL(大北农铁糖注射液);7日龄进行诱食,10日龄进行正式补饲(每头每天投料量相同),按照猪场常规程序进行日常的管理和保健。
1.6对仔猪抗病力的测定
1.6.1测定试剂及仪器
白蛋白(ALB)试剂盒,免疫球蛋白M(IgM)试剂盒、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)试剂盒、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)试剂盒、总蛋白(TP)试剂盒、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒、谷胱甘肽(GSH)试剂盒、移液枪(规格:20-200μL)、可调节微量移液枪(0-10μL、10-100μL、100-1000μL)、酶联免疫测定仪、冰箱。
1.6.2仔猪血样的采集、处理
仔猪在21日龄断奶后,分别从三个组中随机挑选16头仔猪,公、母各占一半,共48头,24小时不给饲料,但是自由饮水,用一次性的真空采血管从前腔静脉采取血液10mL,3500r/min离心,吸取上清液,测定免疫指标和抗氧化指标
1.6.3测定方法和测定的指标
1.6.3.1抗氧化性能的测定
谷胱甘肽(GSH)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性采用比色法进行测定;丙二醛(MDA)的含量采用分光光度法进行测定。
1.6.3.2免疫性能测定
免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)免疫球蛋白G(IgG)采用酶联免疫吸附法进行测定;总蛋白(TP)采用双缩脲比色法进行测定;白蛋白(ALB)采用溴甲酚绿比色法进行测定。
1.7数据的收集整理
1.7.1母猪的繁殖性能
窝产仔数:每窝的总产仔数(包括活仔数、死胎、畸形胎以及木乃伊胎)。
窝产活仔数:每窝出生后12小时内存活的仔猪数。
仔猪初生窝重:产后1小时内称取并记录每窝仔猪的初生重。
仔猪初生个体重:产后1小时内称取和记录每头仔猪的初生重。
2、数据及其结果分析
2.1母猪的产仔性能
试验结果见图1,由图1可以看出,本发明饲料试验组1组和试验2组的平均窝产仔数、窝产活仔数都明显高于对照组的窝产仔数和窝产活仔数;平均初生仔猪窝重也明显高于对照组的初生仔猪窝重;平均初生仔猪个体重也高于对照组的平均初生仔猪个体重。且试验2组比试验1组对母猪的繁殖性能的有益效果更加明显,试验2组使用实施例5制备的怀孕母猪配合饲料饲喂,实施例5是本发明饲料的最优选处方。
2.2仔猪的抗病力
2.2.1仔猪血清免疫指标
试验结果见图2,由图2可以看出,试验1组和试验2组免疫球蛋白A的平均值都高于对照组试验3组的免疫球蛋白A的平均值;试验1组和试验2组免疫球蛋白M的平均值也高于对照组试验3组的免疫球蛋白M的平均值;试验1组和试验2组免疫球蛋白G的平均值都高于对照组试验3组的免疫球蛋白G的平均值;试验1组和试验2组血清蛋白的平均值都高于对照组试验3组的血清蛋白的平均值;试验1组和试验2组血清总蛋白的平均值都高于对照组试验3组的血清总蛋白的平均值。
2.2.2仔猪血液抗氧化的指标
试验结果见图3,从图3可以看出,试验1组和试验2组仔猪血液中丙二醛低于对照组试验3组;试验1组和试验2组的总超氧化物歧化酶明显低于对照组试验3组;试验1组和试验2组的谷胱甘肽明显高于对照组试验3组。
2.3结果分析
本发明怀孕母猪配合料与市售的怀孕母猪配合料相比,不仅能够显著提高母猪的繁殖性能,还可显著提高哺乳仔猪非特异性免疫能力和抗氧化能力,改善仔猪抗病力。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种怀孕母猪配合饲料,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:玉米20-50份、压片皮大麦20-30份、普通豆粕5-10份、复合发酵饲料5-10份、膨化亚麻籽混合物1-4份、无糖浆甜菜粕3-7份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉2-6份、小麦麸4-10份、磷酸氢钙1-2份、石粉0.5-1.5份、食盐0.2-0.5份、活性酵母0.01-0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.03-0.05份、L-肉碱0.01-0.02份、复合精油0.02-0.03份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物2-6份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.04-0.05份,多维0.04-0.05份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的怀孕母猪配合饲料,其特征在于,由包含以下重量份的原料制备而成:玉米25-45份、压片皮大麦22-28份、普通豆粕6-9份、复合发酵饲料6-8份、膨化亚麻籽混合物1-4份、无糖浆甜菜粕4-6份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉2-5份、小麦麸5-9份、磷酸氢钙1-2份、石粉0.7-1.5份、食盐0.2-0.4份、活性酵母0.01-0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.03-0.05份、L-肉碱0.01-0.02份、复合精油0.02-0.03份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物3-5份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.04-0.05份、多维0.04-0.05份。
3.根据权利要求2所述怀孕母猪配合饲料,其特征在于,由包含以下重量份的原料制备而成:玉米40份、压片皮大麦26份、普通豆粕8份、复合发酵饲料8份、膨化亚麻籽混合物3份、无糖浆甜菜粕5份、高蛋白苜蓿草粉5份、小麦麸8份、磷酸氢钙2份、石粉1.3份、食盐0.4份、活性酵母0.02份、氨甲酰谷氨酸0.05份、L-肉碱0.02份、复合精油0.03份、楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物5份、有机微量元素和复合包被微量元素0.05份、多维0.05份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的怀孕母猪配合饲料,其特征在于,所述楸树叶和构树叶的发酵物通过发酵微生物和酶制剂发酵制得,所述发酵微生物为酵母菌和约氏乳杆菌,所述酶制剂为纤维素酶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的怀孕母猪配合饲料,其特征在于,所述楸树叶和构树叶发酵物按重量配比为2:1配比发酵。
6.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的怀孕母猪配合饲料,其特征在于,所述有机微量元素包括有机铜、有机锰、有机硒、有机铬;复合包被微量元素包括硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、碘酸钾;复合精油包括香芹酚、百里香酚;多维包括维生素A乙酸酯、维生素D3、dl-a-生育酚乙酸酯、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌(MSB)、盐酸硫胺、核黄素、D-泛酸钙、烟酰胺、盐酸吡哆醇、D-生物素、叶酸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的怀孕母猪配合饲料,其特征在于,所述微量元素有机铜、有机锰、有机硒、有机铬按微量元素有效成分计算重量比为25﹕200﹕1﹕1复配;复合包被微量元素硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、碘酸钾按微量元素有效成分计算重量比为300﹕15﹕1复配,且总的有机微量元素和总的复合包被微量元素按微量元素有效成分计算重量比为1﹕2;复合精油香芹酚、百里香酚按重量比1﹕1复配;多维维生素A乙酸酯、维生素D3、dl-a-生育酚乙酸酯、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌(MSB)、盐酸硫胺、核黄素、D-泛酸钙、烟酰胺、盐酸吡哆醇、D-生物素、叶酸按重量比70:1:1400:60:40:120:400:600:60:8:3复配。
8.一种权利要求1-3任意一项所述的怀孕母猪配合饲料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)复合发酵饲料的制备:将玉米、豆粕、麸皮等粉碎后过10~20目筛,按照质量比5%~20%∶5%~20%∶60%~90%的比例混合,加入0.02%~0.03%的复合酶;复合微生物制剂按照占发酵原料重量0.01%~0.02%的接种量,加入水中搅拌均匀,与复合酶、发酵原料充分混合后,调整水分质量百分含量为30%~45%,均匀混合。装入带有呼吸阀的发酵袋或发酵容器中,密封,室温下发酵4~10天;
(2)楸树叶和构树叶发酵物的制备:将按重量比的2份楸树叶和1份构树叶进行切断打碎,添加10%-15%玉米、5%-10%豆粕及发酵微生物0.02%和酶制剂0.03%装袋进行发酵即得;
(3)膨化亚麻籽混合物制备:通过湿法工艺进行膨化,将50份-70份亚麻籽和30份-50份低脂原料(玉米)混合粗粉后(粉碎粒度20-30目),加水,使含水率达到14.5%~16.8%,按照65-78kg/h的喂料速度,送入到挤压膨化机内,在膨化温度为130~150℃、螺杆转速175-195r/min的膨化参数下进行物料的充分加工;
(4)粗粉碎工艺:采用精确粉碎工艺,细度范围在800-900μm;
(5)将步骤1、2、3制备的物质与玉米、普通豆粕、无糖浆甜菜粕混合,粉碎,再与其余成分混合均匀,过筛,即得。
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