CN112825688A - Method for cultivating tomato grafted seedlings and application - Google Patents
Method for cultivating tomato grafted seedlings and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating grafted tomato seedlings and application thereof, wherein the cultivation method comprises the steps of (1) respectively sterilizing and accelerating germination of root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seeds and tomato seeds, and then sowing in stages to cultivate root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings and tomato seedlings; (2) after the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings reach 4-5 true leaf stages and the tomato seedlings reach 3-leaf 1 heart stages, selecting the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings as stocks, the tomato seedlings as scions, treating the middle of the sections of tender stems of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings into split cuts, treating the cotyledonary nodes of the tomato seedlings into sharp ends, inserting the sharp ends of the tomato seedlings into the split cuts of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings to align and attach tightly, and clamping the joints by using a grafting clamp to complete grafting; (3) after grafting, spraying the grafted tomato seedlings, putting the tomato seedlings into a plastic arched shed for moisturizing, culturing for 2-3 weeks after grafting, transplanting, planting and managing production. The effect of preventing and controlling the root-knot nematode of the tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the method reaches 100 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of vegetable seedling culture, in particular to a cultivation method and application of tomato grafted seedlings.
Background
The host range of root-knot nematodes is wide, and the harm of root-knot nematodes is widespread in horticultural crops, especially in solanaceae, cucurbitaceae, cruciferous plants and the like. The most common are meloidogyne incognita (m.incognita), meloidogyne javanica (m.vanica), meloidogyne arachidis (m.arenaria) and meloidogyne hapla (m.hapla), which are soil-borne diseases that are extremely difficult to control.
As the gene for resisting the root-knot nematode is found in the tomato and the pepper, the method mainly adopts a breeding strategy for resisting the root-knot nematode for solanaceae crops such as the tomato, the pepper and the like, and has the characteristics of safety and high efficiency.
The Mi resistance gene is an important tomato disease and insect resistance gene. However, since single Mi resistance genes are adopted for anti-nematode breeding for a long time in tomato breeding for many years, toxic population differentiation of the root-knot nematodes is caused, so that the resistance of the root-knot nematodes is overcome, Mi resistance is lost, and the durable utilization of the resistance genes is seriously threatened. Therefore, how to apply the root knot nematode resistant gene of pepper to tomato becomes the focus of research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the present disclosure provides a method for cultivating grafted tomato seedlings and applications thereof.
According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for cultivating grafted tomato seedlings, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively disinfecting and accelerating germination of root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seeds and tomato seeds, and sowing in stages to culture root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings and tomato seedlings;
(2) when the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings reach 4-5 true leaf stages and the tomato seedlings reach 3-leaf 1 heart stages, selecting root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings as stocks, taking the tomato seedlings as scions, processing the middle of the tender stem sections of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings into split cuts, processing the cotyledonary nodes of the tomato seedlings into tip ends, inserting the tip ends of the tomato seedlings into the split cuts of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings to align and attach, clamping the interface by using a grafting clamp, and completing grafting, wherein the interface is the joint of the tip ends of the tomato seedlings and the split cuts of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings;
(3) after grafting, spraying the tomato grafted seedlings, putting the tomato grafted seedlings into a plastic arched shed for moisturizing, culturing for 2-3 weeks after grafting, transplanting, planting and managing production.
In one example, the sterilizing and germinating of root knot nematode resistant pepper seeds and tomato seeds, respectively, comprises: and respectively carrying out seed disinfection treatment on the root-knot nematode resistant pepper seeds and the tomato seeds by using 10% sodium hypochlorite, washing the seeds by using sterile water, and accelerating germination.
In one example, the staged seeding includes: the sowing time of the tomato seeds is 15 days later than that of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seeds.
In one example, breeding root knot nematode resistant pepper seedlings and tomato seedlings comprises: sterilizing grass peat: the vermiculite-2: 1 is used as a culture medium, the relative humidity is 70-80%, and the root-knot nematode resistant pepper seedlings and tomato seedlings are cultured at the temperature of 25-28 ℃.
In one example, the intermediate treatment of shoot sections of root knot nematode resistant pepper seedlings into cleavage cuts comprises: during grafting, the top of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings, which is 1-2cm away from a growing point, is trimmed and cut together with heart leaves by using a disinfected blade, so that the section of the retained tender stem is circular with the diameter of 2.5mm, and then the blade is adopted to slightly split a splitting notch with the depth of 6mm from top to bottom in the middle of the section of the tender stem in the direction perpendicular to the stem.
In one example, the processing of cotyledonary nodes of a tomato seedling into tips comprises: gently obliquely cutting 1cm above cotyledonary node of tomato seedling with a blade from top to bottom, wherein the cut surfaces at two sides form an angle of 30 degrees with the stem to form a tip.
In one example, spraying tomato grafted seedlings and placing them in a plastic tunnel for moisturizing comprises: after grafting, spraying a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution which is 10000 times of the grafted tomato seedlings for 1 time, preserving the grafted tomato seedlings in a plastic arched shed for 3-4 days, keeping the temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃ in the daytime, shading to prevent the grafted tomato seedlings from withering due to dehydration, and keeping the temperature at 18-20 ℃ at night.
In one example, post-grafting culture for 2-3 weeks of transplant colonization includes: after 1 week of grafting, 10000 times of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed for 1 time again, and after 2-3 weeks of grafting, transplanting and field planting are carried out.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a use of the tomato grafted seedling cultivated by the cultivation method of the first aspect in controlling root-knot nematode.
The method for cultivating the tomato grafted seedlings takes the pepper seedlings with high root-knot nematode resistance as the rootstocks and the tomato seedlings with high root-knot nematode sensitivity as the scions, and cultivates the tomato grafted seedlings with high root-knot nematode resistance by the grafting method. The results of pot culture and field experiments on the tomato grafted seedling show that the control effect of the tomato grafted seedling on the root-knot nematode reaches 100%, and the harm of the tomato root-knot nematode disease is effectively controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a morphological diagram of a tomato grafted seedling cultivated by the cultivation method provided by the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a root morphology diagram of a tomato seedling of the "spring" variety grafted with a pepper of the "HDA 149" variety as a rootstock;
FIG. 3 is a root morphology chart of tomato seedlings of an "spring" variety cultivated without grafting.
Detailed Description
The principles and spirit of the present disclosure will be described with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments. It is understood that these embodiments are given solely for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and to practice the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
In the following examples, the reagents and materials used are all conventionally commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: grafting technology for root-knot nematode-resistant pepper and tomato
1. A tomato grafted seedling cultivated by the grafting cultivation method provided by the disclosure:
grafting preparation: seeds of the 'HDA 149' variety pepper and the 'Lithun' variety tomato which resist root-knot nematodes are respectively disinfected by 10% of sodium hypochlorite, washed clean by sterile water and subjected to pregermination. And (3) sowing the pepper seeds and the tomato seeds in stages, wherein the sowing period of the tomato seeds is 15 days later than that of the pepper seeds. Sterilizing grass peat: vermiculite (2: 1) is used as culture medium, and seedlings are managed under the conditions that the relative humidity is 70-80% and the temperature is 25-28 ℃. When the seedlings of the peppers emerge for about 45 days, the pepper seedlings reach 4-5 true leaf stages, and the stems of the pepper seedlings are close to 2.5-3.0mm in thickness; when the tomato seedlings emerge for 30 days, the tomato seedlings reach 3 leaves and 1 heart stage, the stem thickness is 2.0mm, and the optimal grafting period of the pepper seedlings and the tomato seedlings is shown at the moment.
The grafting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a 'HDA 149' variety pepper seedling as a stock and a 'Huichun' variety tomato seedling as a scion. During grafting, the top of each pepper seedling is trimmed and cut at a position 1-2cm away from a growing point by using a disinfected sharp blade, so that the section of the remained tender stem is circular with the diameter of 2.5mm, and then the blade is adopted to slightly split the opening with the depth of 6mm from top to bottom in the middle of the section of the tender stem in the direction perpendicular to the stem for inserting the scion. And taking the cultured tomato seedlings, slightly beveling the tomato seedlings from top to bottom by using a blade at a position 1cm above the cotyledonary node, wherein the sections at two sides form an angle of 30 degrees with the stem, and the length of the cutting surface of the scion is about 5mm to obtain the tomato seedling scion.
Insert the scion point end of tomato seedling gently in the split cut of hot pepper seedling, reach apart from the incision bottom for the scion tangent plane of tomato seedling is pasted tightly with the incision side of hot pepper seedling, and the edge of scion and stock will lean on one side and align. And then, lightly wrapping the interface part by adopting a soft PE film with the width of 1cm, rapidly clamping the interface part by using a grafting clamp, and fixing the scion to finish grafting.
And (3) management after grafting: and immediately spraying 10000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the grafted tomato seedlings for 1 time after grafting is finished, moisturizing and promoting the healing of the grafted ports. And keeping moisture in a small plastic arch shed for 3-4 days, keeping the temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃ in the daytime, appropriately shading to prevent the scion from losing water and wilting, keeping the temperature at 18-20 ℃ at night, and normally managing. After 1 week of grafting, 10000 times of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed for 1 time again, and after 2-3 weeks of grafting, transplanting and field planting can be carried out, and normal production management is carried out.
2. A tomato grafted seedling cultivated by adopting a grafting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
inserting preparation: seeds of the 'HDA 149' variety pepper and the 'Lithun' variety tomato which resist root-knot nematodes are respectively disinfected by 10% of sodium hypochlorite, washed clean by sterile water and subjected to pregermination. And (3) sowing the pepper seeds and the tomato seeds in stages, wherein the sowing period of the tomato seeds is 15 days later than that of the pepper seeds. Sterilizing grass peat: vermiculite (2: 1) is used as culture medium, and seedlings are managed under the conditions that the relative humidity is 70-80% and the temperature is 25-28 ℃. When the seedlings of the peppers emerge for about 45 days, the pepper seedlings reach 4-5 true leaf stages, and the stems of the pepper seedlings are close to 2.5-3.0mm in thickness; when the tomato seedlings emerge for 30 days, the tomato seedlings reach 3-leaf 1-heart stage, the stem thickness is 2.0mm, and the optimal stage of splicing the pepper seedlings and the tomato seedlings is shown at the moment.
The plug-in method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a 'HDA 149' variety pepper seedling as a stock and a 'Huichun' variety tomato seedling as a scion. During splicing, the growing points of the pepper seedlings are removed by a sterilized sharp blade. The blade was then cut down to 1/2 degrees to the stem at a 30 degree angle from the stem at 1-2cm from the top (2.5 mm diameter tender stem), the cut length was approximately 6mm, and the opening was used for the insertion of the scion. And (3) taking the cultured tomato seedlings, slightly beveling the tomato seedlings from top to bottom by using a blade 1cm above cotyledonary nodes, wherein the sections of two sides form an angle of 30 degrees with the stem, the cutting surface of the scion is about 5mm long, the short cutting surface of the opposite side forms an angle of 30 degrees with the stem, and the cutting surface of the scion is about 5mm long, so as to obtain the tomato seedling scions.
Gently inserting the sharp end of the scion of the tomato seedling into the cut of the pepper seedling, so that the long section of the scion of the tomato seedling is tightly attached to the lower side surface of the cut of the pepper seedling, and the scion is aligned to one side of the edge of the stock. And then, lightly wrapping the interface part by adopting a soft PE film with the width of 1cm, rapidly clamping the interface part by using a grafting clip, fixing the scion, and completing grafting.
Managing after splicing: after grafting, 10000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the grafted tomato seedlings for 1 time immediately to preserve moisture and promote the healing of the grafting openings. And keeping moisture in a small plastic arch shed for 3-4 days, keeping the temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃ in the daytime, appropriately shading to prevent the scion from losing water and wilting, keeping the temperature at 18-20 ℃ at night, and normally managing. After 1 week of insertion, 10000 times of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed for 1 time again, and after 2-3 weeks of insertion, transplantation and field planting can be carried out, so that normal production management can be carried out.
3. A tomato grafted seedling cultivated by adopting a grafting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
preparing for pasting and connecting: seeds of the 'HDA 149' variety pepper and the 'Lithun' variety tomato which resist root-knot nematodes are respectively disinfected by 10% of sodium hypochlorite, washed clean by sterile water and subjected to pregermination. And (3) sowing the pepper seeds and the tomato seeds in stages, wherein the sowing period of the tomato seeds is 15 days later than that of the pepper seeds. Sterilizing grass peat: vermiculite (2: 1) is used as culture medium, and seedlings are managed under the conditions that the relative humidity is 70-80% and the temperature is 25-28 ℃. When the seedlings of the peppers emerge for about 45 days, the pepper seedlings reach 4-5 true leaf stages, and the stems of the pepper seedlings are close to 2.5-3.0mm in thickness; when the tomato seedlings emerge for 30 days, the tomato seedlings reach 3 leaves and 1 heart stage, the stem thickness is 2.0mm, and the optimal stage of jointing the pepper seedlings and the tomato seedlings is realized at the moment.
The adhering method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a 'HDA 149' variety pepper seedling as a stock and a 'Huichun' variety tomato seedling as a scion. When the hot pepper is attached, a disinfected sharp blade is used for cutting the upper part of the hot pepper seedling from top to bottom in an inclined way by forming an angle of 40 degrees with the stem at a position 1-2cm away from the top (the diameter of a tender stem is 2.5mm), and the section is oval. And taking the cultured tomato seedlings, and slightly beveling the blades and the stems from top to bottom at an angle of 40 degrees at a position 1cm above the cotyledon nodes to obtain the tomato seedling scions.
Aligning and tightly adhering the scion section of the tomato seedling and the stock section of the pepper seedling, lightly wrapping the interface by adopting a soft PE film with the width of 1cm, rapidly clamping the interface part by using a grafting clamp, fixing the scion, and finishing the grafting.
Fig. 1 is a morphological diagram of tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the cultivation method provided by the present disclosure.
And (3) adopting the three cultivation methods, wherein 30 tomato seedlings are respectively cultivated by each cultivation method, and the survival rate of the tomato grafted seedlings is detected 1 week after grafting cultivation. The survival rate of the tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the grafting cultivation method is 96.7%; the survival rate of the tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the grafting cultivation method is 90 percent; the survival rate of the tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the grafting cultivation method is 30 percent.
2 weeks after grafting cultivation, the growth vigor of the tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the grafting cultivation method provided by the present disclosure is obviously better than that of the tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the grafting cultivation method and that cultivated by the grafting cultivation method, as seen by naked eyes.
And transplanting the tomato grafted seedlings to the field 3 weeks after grafting cultivation, wherein the tomato grafted seedlings cultured by the grafting cultivation method provided by the disclosure are quick in seedling recovery, free of dead plants and vigorous in growth vigor, and the plant height and the leaf color are obviously better than those of the tomato grafted seedlings cultured by the grafting cultivation method and the tomato grafted seedlings cultured by the grafting cultivation method.
Example 2: experiment of potted plant of tomato grafted seedling
1. Experimental materials:
in the pot experiment of the tomato grafting seedlings, 6 groups are arranged, and each group comprises 20 tomato seedlings. The test group comprises 5 experimental groups and 1 control group. In the experimental group, tomato seedlings of the 'lichun' variety are respectively grafted by using pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as rootstocks and are cultivated at the temperature of 25 ℃; tomato seedlings of the 'spring' variety are grafted by taking pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as rootstocks and are cultivated at the temperature of 32 ℃; tomato seedlings of the 'spring' variety are grafted by taking tomatoes of the 'rootstock fruit rootstock No. 1' variety as rootstocks and are cultivated at the temperature of 25 ℃; tomato seedlings of the 'spring' variety are grafted by taking tomatoes of the 'rootstock fruit rootstock No. 1' variety as rootstocks and are cultivated at the temperature of 32 ℃; the tomato seedling of the 'spring' variety is not grafted and cultivated by chemical control treatment by using 10 percent fosthiazate (much good fortune). And the tomato seedlings of the 'spring' variety which are not grafted and cultivated are used as a control.
Wherein, the tomato seedling of the 'spring' variety grafted by taking the pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as the rootstock is cultivated by adopting the cultivation method disclosed by the invention. The tomato seedling of the 'Huichun' variety grafted by taking the 'Tupistachio fruit stock No. 1' variety tomato as a stock is cultivated by adopting a conventional grafting cultivation method in production.
2. The experimental method comprises the following steps:
transplanting the 6 groups of tomato seedlings into flowerpots with the diameter of 20cm and the height of 20cm respectively, wherein one tomato seedling is planted in each flowerpot. Sterilizing grass peat: vermiculite 2:1 is culture medium, and conventional growth and cultivation management is carried out.
In an experimental group of tomato seedlings of 'lichun' variety chemically controlled by 10% fosthiazate (much good fortune), 10% fosthiazate granules are used as treatment agents, and the treatment agents are uniformly mixed with a matrix before the tomato seedlings of the 'lichun' variety are transplanted. Wherein, 0.15g of 10% fosthiazate is applied to each pot, and then the tomato seedlings of the non-grafted 'lichun' variety are transplanted.
After the tomato seedlings of the 6 groups are transplanted for 7 days, the inoculation treatment of the root-knot nematodes is respectively carried out, and 1000 root-knot nematodes are inoculated to each tomato seedling. Routine production management is carried out in the greenhouse.
3. The experimental results are as follows:
and (3) after 30 days of inoculation of the root-knot nematodes, detecting root symptoms of each group of tomato seedlings, and determining disease level and disease index according to the number of the root knots so as to calculate the prevention and treatment effect on the root-knot nematodes.
The prevention and treatment effect calculation formula is as follows:
TABLE 1 potted plant test results of tomato seedlings treated differently for preventing and treating root-knot nematode
The experimental result shows that no root knot is found on the root system of the tomato seedling of the 'lichun' variety grafted by the pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as the rootstock treated at the temperature of 25 ℃ or 32 ℃, which indicates that the tomato seedling of the 'lichun' variety grafted by the pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as the rootstock has stable root knot nematode resistance at high temperature, and the control effect is expressed as high resistance.
A small amount of root knots appear on the root system of the tomato seedling of the 'spring' variety grafted by taking the 'rootstock fruit stock No. 1' variety tomato as the rootstock after the treatment at the temperature of 25 ℃, the average number of the root knots of each plant reaches 10.2 per plant, and the control effect reaches 93.9 percent. And a large number of root knots appear on the root system of the tomato seedling of the 'spring' variety grafted by taking the 'rootstock fruit stock No. 1' variety tomato as the rootstock after the treatment at the temperature of 32 ℃, the average number of the root knots of each plant reaches 108.1 per plant, and the control effect is only 35.3 percent, which shows that the root knot nematode resistance of the tomato is obviously reduced at high temperature.
The number of root knots of tomato seedlings (not grafted) of the 'spring' variety treated by 10% of fosthiazate is 11.5 per plant, and the control effect on root-knot nematodes reaches 93.1%.
In the control group, the tomato seedling (not grafted) of the variety "Lichun" has a large number of root knots on the root system, and the average number of the root knots per plant reaches 167.2.
FIG. 2 is a root morphology diagram of a tomato seedling of the "spring" variety grafted with a pepper of the "HDA 149" variety as a rootstock; FIG. 3 is a root morphology chart of tomato seedlings of an "spring" variety cultivated without grafting.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the grafted tomato seedlings cultivated by the grafting method disclosed by the present disclosure have a significant effect on the prevention and control of root-knot nematodes.
Therefore, the potted plant test result of the tomato seedlings subjected to different treatments for preventing and controlling the root-knot nematodes shows that the tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the grafting method have obvious prevention and control effects on the root-knot nematodes and have high-temperature stability.
Example 3: field experiment of tomato grafted seedlings
1. Experimental materials:
the field experiment is carried out in a greenhouse of a test base in the Hebei corridor city, the occurrence condition of the root-knot nematodes in the field is serious, the root-knot nematodes are uniformly distributed in the field, and the average density of the root-knot nematodes in 100g of soil is 22-30.
In the field experiment of tomato grafted seedlings, 4 groups of 30 tomato seedlings were set up. The test group comprises 3 experimental groups and 1 control group. In an experimental group, tomato seedlings of the 'lichun' variety are grafted by taking pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as rootstocks respectively; tomato seedlings of the 'spring' variety are grafted by taking tomatoes of the 'rootstock fruit rootstock No. 1' variety as rootstocks; the tomato seedling of the 'spring' variety is not grafted and cultivated by chemical control treatment by using 10 percent fosthiazate (much good fortune). And the tomato seedlings of the 'spring' variety which are not grafted and cultivated are used as a control.
2. The experimental method comprises the following steps:
transplanting the 4 groups of tomato seedlings into a field respectively, wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing of the tomato seedlings are respectively 30 cm and 40 cm, so as to ensure that the tomato seedlings can receive sufficient illumination.
In the experimental group of tomato seedlings of the "spring" variety which were chemically controlled by 10% fosthiazate (formosan), 10% fosthiazate granules were used as the treatment agent, and the amount used was referred to the commercial description (1.5 kg/mu). Before planting, uniformly applying fosthiazate in furrows with the furrow depth of 15cm, carrying out double-furrow broadcasting on each small furrow according to a planting mode, uniformly mixing the medicament with soil in the furrows, covering the soil and leveling the furrow surface. During transplanting, directly opening holes on the tomato seedlings to transplant the tomato seedlings of the 'spring' variety which are not grafted, wherein the planting mode is the same as that of the grafted seedlings.
Watering the 4 groups of tomato seedlings in time after field planting, and appropriately shading in daytime to prevent the transplanted seedlings from wilting and dying, so as to revive the seedlings. After 7 days of transplantation, conventional field management was performed.
3. The experimental results are as follows:
after 50 days of planting, detecting root symptoms of each group of tomato seedlings, and determining disease level and disease index according to the number of root knots so as to calculate the effect of preventing and treating the root-knot nematodes.
The classification criteria of disease level are: reference is made to the classification criteria of the GARABEDIAN class.
Level 0: the root system is healthy and has no root knots; level 1: the root knot accounts for 1-20% of the whole root system; and 2, stage: a small amount of root knots account for 21% -40% of the whole root system; and 3, level: the root knots are moderate and account for 41-60% of the whole root system; 4, level: the number of root knots is large, and accounts for 61% -80% of the total root system; and 5, stage: the number of the root knots is extremely large and large, and the root knots account for 81% -100% of the whole root system.
The disease index and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated according to the following formula:
TABLE 2 field test results for tomato seedlings against root-knot nematodes
The experimental result shows that no root knot is found on the root system of the tomato seedling of the 'spring' variety grafted by taking the pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as the rootstock, the average disease condition level is 0, the disease condition index is 0, and the prevention and treatment effect reaches 100%. A small amount of root knots appear on the root system of the tomato seedling of the upright spring variety grafted by taking the tomato of the variety 'rootstock fruit rootstock No. 1' as the rootstock, the average disease condition level is 0.67, the disease condition index reaches 13.3 percent, and the prevention and treatment effect reaches 86.2 percent. A certain number of root knots are found on the root system of the tomato seedling (not grafted) of the 'spring' variety treated by 10% of fosthiazate, the average disease level is 1.33, the disease index reaches 26.6%, and the prevention and treatment effect on root-knot nematodes reaches 72.4%.
In the control group, the number of root knots on the root system of the tomato seedling (not grafted) of the 'spring' variety is large, and the tomato seedlings are uniformly distributed on the root system, the average disease level is 4.83, and the disease index reaches 96.7%.
Therefore, the field test result of preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes by tomato seedlings shows that the prevention and control effects of the tomato seedlings of the 'lichun' variety grafted by the pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as the rootstock are remarkably different from those of the tomato seedlings of the 'lichun' variety treated by 10% of fosthiazate. The results show that the tomato seedling of the 'Huichun' variety grafted by the pepper of the 'HDA 149' variety as the stock has high and stable root-knot nematode resistance, and the effect is superior to the control effect of chemical pesticides. Therefore, under the condition of completely not using pesticides, the tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the grafting cultivation method disclosed by the invention have an obvious effect of preventing and controlling the root-knot nematodes and meet the production requirements.
The foregoing description of the implementations of the disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the disclosure. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the disclosure and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to utilize the disclosure in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (9)
1. The cultivation method of the tomato grafted seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively disinfecting and accelerating germination of root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seeds and tomato seeds, and sowing in stages to culture root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings and tomato seedlings;
(2) when the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings reach 4-5 true leaf stages, and the tomato seedlings reach 3-leaf 1-heart stages, selecting the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings as stocks, the tomato seedlings as scions, processing the middle of the tender stem sections of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings into split cuts, processing the cotyledonary nodes of the tomato seedlings into pointed ends, inserting the pointed ends of the tomato seedlings into the split cuts of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings to align and tightly attach, and clamping the interface by using a grafting clamp to complete grafting, wherein the interface is the joint of the pointed ends of the tomato seedlings and the split cuts of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings;
(3) and after grafting, spraying the tomato grafted seedlings, putting the tomato grafted seedlings into a plastic arched shed for moisturizing, culturing for 2-3 weeks after grafting, transplanting, planting and managing production.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the separately sterilizing and germinating the root knot nematode resistant pepper seeds and tomato seeds comprises:
and (3) respectively carrying out seed disinfection treatment on the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seeds and the tomato seeds by using 10% sodium hypochlorite, washing with sterile water and accelerating germination.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the staging includes:
the sowing period of the tomato seeds is 15 days later than that of the root-knot nematode resistant pepper seeds.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the growing root knot nematode resistant pepper seedlings and tomato seedlings comprises:
sterilizing grass peat: and (2) taking vermiculite as a culture medium, culturing the root-knot nematode resistant pepper seedlings and the tomato seedlings under the conditions that the relative humidity is 70% -80% and the temperature is 25-28 ℃.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermediate treatment of the tender stem section of the root knot nematode resistant pepper seedling into a cleavage cut comprises:
during grafting, the top of the root-knot nematode-resistant pepper seedlings is trimmed and cut along with heart leaves at a distance of 1-2cm from a growing point by using a disinfected blade, so that the remaining tender stem section is circular with the diameter of 2.5mm, and then the blade is adopted to slightly split a split cut with the depth of 6mm from top to bottom in the middle of the tender stem section in the direction perpendicular to the stem.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing of cotyledonary nodes of the tomato seedling to tips comprises:
and gently beveling the upper part 1cm above the cotyledonary node of the tomato seedling from top to bottom by using a blade, wherein the cut surfaces at two sides form an angle of 30 degrees with the stem to form the tip.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein spraying the tomato grafted seedlings and placing them in a plastic arched shed for moisture retention comprises:
after grafting, spraying a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution which is 10000 times of the grafted tomato seedlings for 1 time, preserving the grafted tomato seedlings in the plastic arched shed for 3-4 days, keeping the temperature at 25 +/-1 ℃ in the daytime, shading to prevent the grafted tomato seedlings from being withered due to dehydration, and keeping the temperature at 18-20 ℃ at night.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said post-engrafting culturing for 2-3 weeks of transplant colonization comprises:
after 1 week of grafting, 10000 times of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed for 1 time again, and after 2-3 weeks of grafting, transplanting and field planting are carried out.
9. The application of tomato grafted seedlings cultivated by the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the prevention and treatment of root-knot nematodes.
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