CN112824435A - 一种高规整热塑性聚氨酯材料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高规整热塑性聚氨酯材料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112824435A CN112824435A CN201911144794.8A CN201911144794A CN112824435A CN 112824435 A CN112824435 A CN 112824435A CN 201911144794 A CN201911144794 A CN 201911144794A CN 112824435 A CN112824435 A CN 112824435A
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- gas
- diisocyanate
- chain
- thermoplastic polyurethane
- chain extender
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- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高规整热塑性聚氨酯材料,包含大分子二元醇的链段为软段,以二异氰酸酯和环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺反应得到的扩链剂为硬段,通过预聚法制备出一系列高规整热塑性聚氨酯。该热塑性聚氨酯弹性体具有优异的相分离结构,力学性能比相对应的传统方法高;而且可以直接加工成制品,降低加工能耗,同时边角余料和废料可回收利用,是解决传统橡胶的高能耗、高物耗、高污染的重要途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种高规整热塑性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
工业上生产热塑性聚氨酯的方法有一步法和预聚物法,前者是将所有原料一起加入进行反应,生产效率高,但是反应放热过于激烈,不易散热,容易产生副反应,后者生产工艺过程较复杂,能量消耗较高,但是副反应少,产品质量容易控制,在产品性能上普遍优于一步法产品,预聚物法是制备高性能质量稳定热塑性聚氨酯的重要方法。硬段含量对热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的性能有很大的影响,工业上在选定软段分子量的前提下,往往通过调整聚氨酯的硬段含量来调整聚氨酯的性能,硬段含量往往是通过二异氰酸酯的的用量来调节,但在预聚物法中,当二异氰酸酯酯和低聚物二醇的摩尔比大于2时,预聚物就含有异氰酸根封端的预聚物和游离的二异氰酸酯,游离的的二异氰酸酯(如TDI)由于蒸气压高,容易挥发,脂肪族的二异氰酸酯也存在蒸气压高,容易挥发的特点,这对工业生产上对工人存在伤害,并且预聚体不稳定。如何减少预聚体中的游离的二异氰酸酯对预聚体的保存和对保障生产人员的安全有很大的益处,使现在预聚物法合成热塑性聚氨酯的研究热点。
中国专利CN103865059B中用脂肪族的二胺和碳酸乙烯酯合成了分子带两个氨基甲酸酯键的二醇,然后与二元酸缩聚合成聚氨酯。中国专利 CN102181037A石雅琳等公开了TODI合成了一种硬度在邵A86~96之间的热塑性聚氨酯,用小分子二醇直接扩链。中国专利CN103804622B中公开了一种高性能热塑性聚氨酯及制备的方法,所用的扩链剂是小分子二醇和二胺之类。中国专利CN102786652B公开了一种热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法,用小分子二醇直接扩链。由此,现有技术常用的扩链剂为小分子二醇或小分子二胺类化合物。
现有预聚体法中由于在合成预聚体的过程中,二异氰酸酯大大过量,造成预聚体不够稳定,同时游离的二异氰酸酯的挥发性对生产人员存在很大的危险。现有技术中还没有人把异氰酸酯基团引入扩链剂中,来提供硬段含量,同时保证了预聚体的稳定和解决环保的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺为原料,在催化剂的条件下合成两端为羟基,同时分子含有两个氨基甲酸酯基团的新型扩链剂,以此为扩链剂对聚氨酯预聚体进行扩链,可以得到高规整和高性能的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种高规整热塑性聚氨酯材料,所述热塑性聚氨酯材料中软段结构中含有衍生自大分子二元醇的链段,硬段结构中含规整的衍生自二异氰酸酯和扩链剂链段,硬段结构中的规整链段结构式如下:
其中,R1、R3分别独立选自碳原子数为2~20的饱和或不饱和的、直链或带有支链的脂肪烷基或芳烷基,优选碳原子数为4~16的饱和或不饱和、直链或带有支链的脂肪烷基或芳烷基;R2为碳原子数为2~6的饱和或不饱和脂肪烷基,优选碳原子数为2~4的饱和或不饱和脂肪烷基。
所述热塑性聚氨酯材料中软段结构含量为40%~80%,优选50%~80%;硬段结构含量为20%~60%,优选20%~50%。
本发明的目的之二在于提供上述热塑性聚氨酯材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:1)将大分子二元醇与二异氰酸酯类化合物进行预聚反应,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚体;2)向步骤1)得到的预聚体中加入扩链剂进行扩链反应,得到所述的高规整热塑性聚氨酯材料,其中,扩链剂分子结构式为
其中,R1为碳原子数为2~20的饱和或不饱和的、直链或带有支链的脂肪烷基或芳烷基,优选碳原子数为4~16的饱和或不饱和、直链或带有支链的脂肪烷基或芳烷基;R2为碳原子数为2~6的饱和或不饱和脂肪烷基,选碳原子数为2~4 的饱和或不饱和脂肪烷基。
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体具体制备过程:
(1)往反应容器中加入大分子二元醇,110~130℃之间同时-0.097MPa在90r/min的机械搅拌的条件下除水1.0h,此步除去原料中的水分;
(2)往步骤(1)中含有大分子二元醇的反应容器中加入二异氰酸酯,以大分子二元醇、二异氰酸酯和扩链剂的质量计,加入催化剂B 0.01wt%~0.1wt%、 0.1wt%~1wt%抗氧剂,0.1wt%~1wt%抗紫外剂,并在60~120℃、转速 100~200prm、常压条件下共聚2~4h,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚体;
(3)将扩链剂在烘箱中先熔化,然后加入到步骤(2)的预聚体中进行扩链, 60~120℃反应时间2~40min,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体;
(4)烘箱固化,将步骤(3)中得到的聚氨酯弹性体在100~120℃烘箱中加热16~24h,得到最终的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
上述制备方法中大分子二元醇、二异氰酸酯与扩链剂的摩尔比为1:(1.5~5):(0.5~4),优选为1:(2.05~4):(1~4)。
其中,大分子二元醇分子量为650~4000,优选1000~2000;大分子二元醇为聚二元醇,优选选自已二酸系聚酯二醇、聚己内酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚己内酯碳酸酯共聚二醇、端羟基聚丁二烯、端羟基氢化聚丁二烯、端羟基聚丁二烯-丙烯腈、端羟基丁苯橡胶、聚乳酸二元醇中的至少一种;
二异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(H12MDI)、萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)、对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMHDI)、二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯(TODI)中的至少一种;
催化剂B为有机锡催化剂、有机锌催化剂和有机铋催化剂中的至少一种,优选选自辛酸亚锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡、异辛酸锌、异辛酸铋中的至少一种;
抗氧剂为抗二缩三乙二醇双[β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯](抗氧剂245)、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(抗氧剂1010)、1,3,5- 三甲基-2,4,6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲基)苯中的至少一种;
抗紫外剂为2-(2'-羟基-5'-(2,4-叔丁基)苯基)苯并三唑(UV320)、2'-(2'-羟基-3'- 叔丁基-5'-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑(UV326)、2-(2’-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑(UV327)、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-十二烷基-4-甲酚、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-十二烷基-4-甲基苯酚(UV571)中的至少一种;
上述制备过程中的扩链剂由环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺反应得到,反应中还加入催化剂A,具体步骤:往反应容器中加入环状碳酸脂、小分子二胺和催化剂A,60~120℃之间反应3~6h,倒出样品,在真空烘箱60℃真空烘箱中抽真空16~24小时,除去未反应的环状碳酸酯,得到两端为羟基同时分子带有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂。
其中,环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺的摩尔比为1:(2~2.5),优选1: (2.05~2.20);以质量百分数来计,催化剂A用量为环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺总质量的0.1~0.5%;
环状碳酸酯类化合物选自碳酸乙烯酯类化合物,选自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯中的至少一种;
小分子二胺选自乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、癸二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、二氨基二环己基甲烷、三甲基已二胺、二甲基二氨基二环己基甲烷、1,3-环己烷二胺、1,4-环己烷二胺、1,3-双氨甲基环己烷、1,4-双氨甲基环己烷、双(4-氨环已基)醚、二氨基二苯甲烷、二氨基萘、对苯二胺、1,4-环己烷二胺、3,3’二甲基-4,4’-联苯二胺、甲苯二胺、3,3’-二氯-4,4’-二胺二苯基甲烷 (MOCA)、1,2-双(2-氨基苯基硫代)乙烷、双(对氨基苯甲酸)丙二醇酯、双 (对氨基苯甲酸)二乙二醇酯、3,5-二氨基-4-三氟甲基苯乙醚、3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯乙酸异丙酯、1,4-双(2-氨基苯基硫代乙氧基)苯、1,4-双(2-氨基苯基硫代乙基)苯甲酸酯、3-氨基-4-氯苯甲基-4’-氨基苯甲酸酯、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基-3-氯苯胺)、3,5-二氨-4-氯苯甲酸异丁醇酯、二乙基甲苯二胺、3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基苯胺)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2-乙基-6-甲基苯胺)、 4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二异丙基苯胺)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2-异丙基-6-甲基苯胺)、1,3- 丙二醇双(4-氨基苯甲酸酯)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2-乙基6-甲基环已胺)中的至少一种;优选和二异氰酸酯对应的二胺,这样有利于规整性;
催化剂A为1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯、1,8-二氮杂二环-7-烯、7-甲基 -1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯、硫脲中的至少一种。
另外,该热塑性聚氨酯弹性体还可以采用一步法、间歇法或预聚物法进行制备。用上述方法合成的扩链剂来扩链时,预聚物法制备的规整性和性能最好,用此扩链剂的一步法也比传统上直接用小分子二醇扩链的性能好。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明中采用小分子二胺和环状碳酸酯为原料在催化剂的存在下,合成端羟基的扩链剂,同时扩链剂中含量两个氨基甲酸基团的扩链剂,以此扩链剂用来对预聚体进行扩链,能大大提高聚氨酯硬段的含量和氨基甲酸酯键的数量和密度和可以减少相同硬段含量下的预聚物中的游离二异氰酸酯的含量,有利于提高预聚体的稳定和环保,对生产人员健康有利,是合成高规整热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的非常有效的途径和方法;
(2)本发明以大分子二元醇的链段为软段,以二异氰酸酯和采用环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺反应得到的扩链剂为硬段,通过预聚法制备出一系列高规整热塑性聚氨酯,该热塑性聚氨酯弹性体具有优异的相分离结构,力学性能比相对应的传统方法高;
(3)本发明提供的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体可以直接加工成制品,降低加工能耗,同时边角余料和废料可回收利用,是解决传统橡胶的高能耗、高物耗、高污染的重要途径。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中扩链剂的红外光谱图,从图可以看出,3334cm-1为端羟基和氨基甲酸酯键中的NH的特征峰,1730cm-1出现了氨基甲酸酯中的羰基的特征峰,1533cm-1出现了氨基甲酸酯键中CN和NH的变角振动特征峰,说明端羟基并且分子含有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂已经顺利合成。
图2为实施例1得到的聚氨酯的红外光谱图,从图可以看出,在2270cm-1没有出现异氰酸酯基团的特征峰,说明反应已经完全,同时在3320cm-1出现了聚氨酯中NH的特征峰,在1700cm-1附近出现了游离和氢键化的羰基吸收峰,说明聚氨酯已经顺利合成。
图3为实施例1得到的聚氨酯的AFM(原子力显微镜)相图;
图4为对比例1得到的聚氨酯的AFM(原子力显微镜)相图;
图3和图4的AFM相图上,相图深色区域是聚氨酯中软段结构部分,浅色的点块是由聚氨酯中硬段结构部分。实施例1和对比例1合成的具有相同的软段分子量和硬段含量,聚氨酯的组成是一样的,但是从图3和图4可见,实施例1用小分子二胺先和环状碳酸酯先合成端羟基分子中并带有两个氨基甲酸酯的扩链剂扩链的聚氨酯的相分离更好,硬段尺寸大小更均匀,分布也更均匀。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明的进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域技术人员根据本发明内容对本发明做出的一些非本质的改进和调整仍属本发明的保护范围。
实施例中采用的测试设备及测试条件如下:
DSC测试:使用瑞士Mettler Toledo公司的STARe系统进行差示扫描量热 (DSC)分析,在测试过程中的升降温速率均设定为10℃/min,样品的质量均为10mg,使用氮气保护,温度扫描范围-100℃~280℃;
力学性能测试:根据标准GB/T 528-2009进行测试,哑铃型样条的工作区为25mm×6mm,拉伸速率500mm·min-1,每组实验需要测试5根样条。
原子力测试(AFM):先对样品进行抛光处理,然后Tap模式测试,测试聚氨酯的相图。
实施例中采用的原料名称及来源如下:
表1.实施例和对比例中原料及来源
其他化合物如抗氧剂、抗紫外剂等均有普通市售。
实施例1
扩链剂制备:
往反应容器中加入36.08g的碳酸乙烯酯,加入己二胺11.62g,加入0.047g 1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯,在100℃反应4h,倒出样品,在真空烘箱60℃真空烘箱中抽真空24小时,除去未反应的碳酸乙烯酯,得到两端为羟基同时分子带有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂。
聚氨酯制备:
(1)往反应容器中加入61.39g的PTMG1000,110℃、-0.097MPa在90r/min 的机械搅拌的条件下除水2h,此步除去PTMG1000中的水分;
(2)取20.80g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯加入步骤1中除完水的PTMG1000的反应容器中,加入0.012g催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡、二缩三乙二醇双[β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯](抗氧剂245)0.13g、抗紫外剂2-(2'-羟基-5'-(2,4- 叔丁基)苯基)苯并三唑(UV320)0.13g,并在75℃、转速200prm、常压条件下共聚2h,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚体;
(3)取17.95g扩链剂进行扩链,扩链剂在烘箱中先熔化,然后加入到步骤 2的预聚体中进行扩链,75℃扩链反应时间30min,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的聚氨酯在烘箱中100℃加热24h,得到最终的聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例2
扩链剂制备:
往反应容器中加入36.08g的碳酸乙烯酯,加入对苯二胺10.8g,加入0.093g 的1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯,在105℃反应5h,倒出样品,在真空烘箱60℃真空烘箱中抽真空16小时,除去未反应的碳酸乙烯酯,得到两端为羟基同时分子带有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂。
聚氨酯制备:
(1)往反应容器中加入76.8g的PTMG2000,110℃、-0.097MPa在90r/min 的机械搅拌的条件下除水2h,此步除去PTMG2000中的水分;
(2)取12.5g对苯二异氰酸酯加入步骤1中除完水的PTMG2000的反应容器中,加入催化剂二乙酸二丁基锡0.030g、抗紫外剂2-(2'-羟基-5'-(2,4-叔丁基) 苯基)苯并三唑(UV320)0.30g,二缩三乙二醇双[β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基) 丙酸酯](抗氧剂245)0.3g,并在80℃、转速150prm、常压条件下共聚2.5h,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚体;
(3)取10.9g扩链剂进行扩链,将扩链剂在烘箱中先熔化,然后加入到步骤2的预聚体中进行扩链,80℃反应时间10min,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的聚氨酯在烘箱中100℃加热24h,得到最终的聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例3
扩链剂制备:
往反应容器中加入36.08g的碳酸乙烯酯,加入3,3’二甲基-4,4’-联苯二胺21.2g,加入0.17g催化剂硫脲,110℃反应6h,倒出样品,在真空烘箱60℃真空烘箱中抽真空24小时,除去未反应的碳酸乙烯酯,得到两端为羟基同时分子带有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂。
聚氨酯制备:
(1)往反应容器中加入76.6g的PCL3000,110℃、-0.097MPa在90r/min 的机械搅拌的条件下除水2h,此步除去PCL3000中的水分;
(2)取13.6g二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯加入步骤1中除完水的PCL3000的反应容器中,加入催化剂异辛酸锌0.012g、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸] 季戊四醇酯(抗氧剂1010)0.13g,2-(2'-羟基-5'-(2,4-叔丁基)苯基)苯并三唑 (UV320)0.13g,并在60℃、转速200prm、常压条件下共聚2h,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚体;
(3)取9.9g扩链剂进行扩链,将扩链剂在烘箱中先熔化,然后加入到步骤 2的预聚体中进行扩链,60℃反应时间20min,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的聚氨酯在烘箱中100℃加热24h,得到最终的聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例4
扩链剂制备:
往反应容器中加入35.26g的碳酸亚乙烯酯,加入甲苯二胺12.2g,加入0.18g 催化剂硫脲,70℃反应4h,倒出样品,在真空烘箱65℃真空烘箱中抽真空22 小时,除去未反应的碳酸亚乙烯酯,得到两端为羟基同时分子带有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂。
聚氨酯制备:
(1)往反应容器中加入75.7g的PCDL2000,110℃、-0.097MPa在90r/min 的机械搅拌的条件下除水2h,此步除去PCDL2000中的水分;
(2)取13.5g甲苯二异氰酸酯加入步骤1中除完水的PCDL2000的反应容器中,加入催化剂异辛酸铋0.022g、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(抗氧剂1010)0.23g,2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-十二烷基-4-甲基苯酚 (UV571)0.23g,并在60℃、转速200prm、常压条件下共聚2h,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚体;
(3)取11.1g扩链剂进行扩链,将扩链剂在烘箱中先熔化,然后加入到步骤2的预聚体中进行扩链,60℃反应时间15min,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的聚氨酯在烘箱中110℃加热24h,得到最终的聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例5
扩链剂制备:
往反应容器中加入35.26g的碳酸亚乙烯酯,加入二氨基二苯甲烷19.8g,加入0.25g催化剂1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯和硫脲,100℃反应4h,倒出样品,在真空烘箱60℃真空烘箱中抽真空24小时,除去未反应的碳酸亚乙烯酯,得到两端为羟基同时分子带有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂。
聚氨酯制备:
(1)往反应容器中加入69.7g的分子量为2000端羟基聚丁二烯 (HTPB2000),110℃、-0.097MPa在90r/min的机械搅拌的条件下除水2h,此步除去PCDL2000中的水分;
(2)取17.6g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯加入步骤1中除完水的HTPB2000的反应容器中,加入催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡和异辛酸铋0.06g、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(抗氧剂1010)0.6g,2-(2'-羟基-5'-(2,4-叔丁基)苯基)苯并三唑(UV320)0.6g,并在85℃、转速200prm、常压条件下共聚3.5 h,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚体;
(3)取12.9g扩链剂进行扩链,将扩链剂在烘箱中先熔化,然后加入到步骤2的预聚体中进行扩链,85℃反应时间35min,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的聚氨酯在烘箱中110℃加热22h,得到最终的聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例6
扩链剂制备:
往反应容器中加入36.08g的碳酸乙烯酯、1,4-环己烷二胺22.84g、0.17g催化剂1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯,在100℃反应4h,倒出样品,在真空烘箱 60℃真空烘箱中抽真空24小时,除去未反应的碳酸乙烯酯,得到两端为羟基同时分子带有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂。
聚氨酯制备:
(1)往反应容器中加入74.0g的分子量为2000的聚乳酸二元醇(PLA2000),110℃、-0.097MPa在90r/min的机械搅拌的条件下除水2h,此步除去PLA2000 中的水分;
(2)取12.4g 1,4环己烷二异氰酸酯加入步骤1中除完水的PLA2000的反应容器中,加入催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡0.08g、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基) 丙酸]季戊四醇酯(抗氧剂1010)0.8g,2-(2'-羟基-5'-(2,4-叔丁基)苯基)苯并三唑 (UV320)0.8g,并在90℃、转速200prm、常压条件下共聚3h,得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚体;
(3)取12.9g扩链剂进行扩链,将扩链剂在烘箱中先熔化,然后加入到步骤2的预聚体中进行扩链,90℃反应时间15min,得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的聚氨酯在烘箱中100℃加热24h,得到最终的聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例1~6
采用实施例1~6中聚氨酯弹性体的制备过程,分别采用相同的软段原料及相同的预聚和扩链工艺过程,不同的是对比例1~6是通过配方设计,用传统的小分子二元醇为扩链剂进行扩链反应,得到的聚氨酯弹性体的软段分子量及含量和硬段含量,与对应实施例得到的聚氨酯弹性体的软段分子量及软段含量和硬段含量相同,但是硬段结构不同。
对比例1~6中采用的小分子二元醇均为:乙二醇。
以实施例1和对比例1为例来说明聚氨酯弹性体中硬段结构的不同。
实施例1中扩链剂制备过程:
预聚反应过程:
实施例1和对比例1的扩链反应过程:
由此可以看出,小分子二胺和环状碳酸酯先合成端羟基并且分子带有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂(实施例1)比传统方法的扩链剂(对比例1)合成的聚氨酯规整性要好。
表2.实施例1~3和对比例1~3的力学性能测试结果
表3.实施例4~6和对比例4~6的力学性能测试结果
由上述扩链过程可以看出,对比例和实施例具有相同的软段分子量,相同的软段含量和相同的硬段含量,即两者中小分子链段的组成是一样的,通过两者力学性能的对比,可以更好地说明本发明中先用小分子二胺和环状碳酸酯合成端羟基并且分子含有两个氨基甲酸酯键的扩链剂来扩链剂来合成聚氨酯弹性体具有更高的力学性能。由表2和表3的力学性能测试结果可以看出,实施例 1~6和对应的对比例1~6相比,其玻璃化转变温度更低,说明相分离更好,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率更高,说明力学性能更好,由此可以说明,本发明提供的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的高规整性可以有效改善弹性体材料的力学性能和相分离。
Claims (10)
2.如权利要求1所述的热塑性聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,所述热塑性聚氨酯材料中软段结构含量为40%~80%,优选50%~80%;硬段结构含量为20%~60%,优选20%~50%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于
所述的大分子二元醇、二异氰酸酯与扩链剂的摩尔比为1:(1.5~5):(0.5~4),优选为1:(2.05~4):(1~4);和/或,
所述的大分子二元醇分子量为650~4000,优选1000~2000;和/或,
所述的大分子二元醇为聚二元醇,所述聚二元醇优选选自已二酸系聚酯二醇、聚己内酯二醇、聚碳酸酯二醇、聚己内酯碳酸酯共聚二醇、端羟基聚丁二烯、端羟基氢化聚丁二烯、端羟基聚丁二烯-丙烯腈、端羟基丁苯橡胶、聚乳酸二元醇中的至少一种;和/或,
所述的二异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、三甲基-1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的扩链剂由环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺反应得到。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述的环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺的摩尔比为1:(2~2.5),优选1:(2.05~2.20);和/或,
所述的反应还加入催化剂A,催化剂A用量为环状碳酸酯类化合物和小分子二胺总质量的0.1~0.5%;所述催化剂A为三氮杂二环类化合物和硫脲中的至少一种;和/或,
所述的反应温度为60~120℃,反应时间为3~6h。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述的环状碳酸酯类化合物为碳酸乙烯酯类化合物,选自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯中的至少一种;和/或,
所述的小分子二胺选自乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、癸二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、二氨基二环己基甲烷、三甲基已二胺、二甲基二氨基二环己基甲烷、1,3-环己烷二胺、1,4-环己烷二胺、1,3-双氨甲基环己烷、1,4-双氨甲基环己烷、双(4-氨环已基)醚、二氨基二苯甲烷、二氨基萘、对苯二胺、1,4-环己烷二胺、3,3’二甲基-4,4’-联苯二胺、甲苯二胺、3,3’-二氯-4,4’-二胺二苯基甲烷、1,2-双(2-氨基苯基硫代)乙烷、双(对氨基苯甲酸)丙二醇酯、双(对氨基苯甲酸)二乙二醇酯、3,5-二氨基-4-三氟甲基苯乙醚、3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯乙酸异丙酯、1,4-双(2-氨基苯基硫代乙氧基)苯、1,4-双(2-氨基苯基硫代乙基)苯甲酸酯、3-氨基-4-氯苯甲基-4’-氨基苯甲酸酯、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基-3-氯苯胺)、3,5-二氨-4-氯苯甲酸异丁醇酯、二乙基甲苯二胺、3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基苯胺)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2-乙基-6-甲基苯胺)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,6-二异丙基苯胺)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2-异丙基-6-甲基苯胺)、1,3-丙二醇双(4-氨基苯甲酸酯)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2-乙基-6-甲基环已胺)中的至少一种;和/或,
所述的催化剂A为1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯、1,8-二氮杂二环-7-烯、7-甲基-1,5,7-三氮杂二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯、硫脲中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求3~7之任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤1)中的大分子二元醇在与二异氰酸酯反应前,先进行除水处理;和/或,
所述步骤1)中,还加入催化剂B、抗氧剂、抗紫外剂;和/或,
所述步骤2)中的扩链剂先熔化后再加入到步骤1)得到的预聚体中;和/或,
所述步骤2)中得到的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体还进行固化处理。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述的催化剂B为有机锡催化剂、有机锌催化剂和有机铋催化剂中的至少一种,优选辛酸亚锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡、异辛酸锌、异辛酸铋中的至少一种;和/或,
所述的抗氧剂为抗二缩三乙二醇双[β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯]、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲基)苯中的至少一种;和/或,
所述的抗紫外剂为2-(2'-羟基-5'-(2,4-叔丁基)苯基)苯并三唑、2'-(2'-羟基-3'-叔丁基-5'-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-十二烷基-4-甲酚、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-十二烷基-4-甲基苯酚中的至少一种;和/或,
以大分子二元醇、二异氰酸酯和扩链剂的质量计,加入0.01~0.1wt%催化剂B、0.1~1wt%抗氧剂、0.1~1wt%抗紫外剂。
10.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的预聚反应温度为60~120℃,预聚反应时间2~4h;和/或,
所述的扩链反应温度为60~120℃,扩链反应时间为2~40min。
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