CN112824418B - Crisaborole前药及其制备方法与用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明通过对Crisaborole活性位点进行修饰获得了一系列通式I所示的Crisaborole前药:
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物合成与医药应用技术领域,具体涉及一种Crisaborole的前药及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
前药,也称前体药物、药物前体、前驱药物等,其目的主要在于提高药物生物利用度,增加药物稳定性,减小毒副作用,促使药物长效化等。前药是一种很有用的药物设计方法,经过化学结构修饰后得到的在体外无活性或活性较小、在体内经酶或非酶的转化释放出活性药物而发挥药效的化合物。目前,临床上前药已经广泛运用于各类疾病的治疗,并且还有很大的发展空间。总之,前药策略已经成为药物设计和给药方法中不可或缺的一部分。
磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)是一类多基因大家族酶,包括11型,可以通过水解细胞内第二信使环磷酸腺苷和环磷酸鸟苷调节细胞内的多种信号传递和生理活动。研究表明,PDEs参与了炎症、抑郁、哮喘等多种病理过程的发生发展,是新药研究的热门靶点。PDE4是PDEs家族中的一个亚型,主要分布在各种炎症细胞内,对细胞内cAMP浓度及其下游信号传导具有重要的调控作用。针对PDE4抑制剂研究多集中于过敏性皮炎、哮喘、关节炎、COPD、中枢神经系统相关疾病以及自身免疫性疾病等方面。但是目前临床上的一些PDE4抑制剂大多具有一定程度的副作用,如恶心、呕吐等胃肠道反应,甚至抑郁。Crisaborole作为新型PDE-4抑制剂,是首个被FDA批准用于治疗过敏性皮炎的药物,使用8d后即能改善疾病严重程度,减轻过敏性皮炎症状和体征,迅速且持久改善瘙痒症状,适用于在2岁和以上患者轻度至中度特应性皮炎的外用治疗。
然而,Crisaborole的用药次数、作用时间、治疗效果仍有进一步提升的空间,利用前药手段,对Crisaborole的结构进行修饰,以期提高前药化合物的透皮性能、增加吸收、从而提升治疗效果。
发明内容
本发明通过对Crisaborole活性位点进行修饰获得了一系列Crisaborole前药,能够提高Crisaborole的生物利用度,是一类新型的具有PDE-4抑制活性的化合物。
本发明具体技术方案如下:
一种通式I所示化合物:
其中R选自-C(=O)Ra,-C(=O)ORa,-C(=O)(CH2)nPhRb或-P(=O)(ORc)(ORd),Ra选自C1-C18烷基,C1-C18卤代烷基,或者羧基或氰基取代的C1-C18烷基;Rb选自H,C1-C18烷基,C1-C18卤代烷基或卤素,n为0-6的整数;
Rc、Rd相同或不同,选自H,C1-C18的饱和或不饱和的链烃基,C3-C18的饱和或不饱和的环烃基,取代或非取代的芳基或杂芳基,环上的取代基选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、C1-C18烷基或者C1-C18烷氧基,所述芳环或杂芳环选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、嘧啶基或咪唑基。
优选的,Ra选自C1-C10烷基,C1-C10卤代烷基,或者羧基或氰基取代的C1-C10烷基;
Rb选自H,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6卤代烷基或卤素,n为0、1或2;
Rc、Rd相同或不同,选自H,C1-C6的饱和或不饱和的链烃基,C3-C6的饱和或不饱和的环烃基,取代或非取代的芳基或杂芳基,环上的取代基选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、C1-C6烷基或者C1-C6烷氧基,所述芳环或杂芳环选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、嘧啶基或咪唑基。
进一步优选的,Ra选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、C8H17、C1-C6卤代烷基,或者羧基或氰基取代的C1-C6烷基;
Rb选自H,甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基,C1-C6卤代烷基或卤素,n为0、1或2;
Rc、Rd相同或不同,选自H,甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基。
本发明另一目的在于提供通式I所示化合物的异构体或药学上可以接受的盐或溶剂合物。
本发明另一方面提供一种药物组合物,含有本发明所述的式I化合物、异构体或药学上可以接受的盐或溶剂合物。进一步的,还可以含有药学上可接受的载体。
本发明另一方面提供式I化合物的制备方法,将式1化合物和式2化合物在无溶剂或有机溶剂中在室温或加热条件下经缩合脱水反应制得式I化合物。
其中R选自-C(=O)Ra,-C(=O)ORa,-C(=O)(CH2)nPhRb或-P(=O)(ORc)(ORd),Ra选自C1-C18烷基,C1-C18卤代烷基,或者羧基或氰基取代的C1-C18烷基;Rb选自H,C1-C18烷基,C1-C18卤代烷基或卤素,n为0-6的整数;
Rc、Rd相同或不同,选自H,C1-C18的饱和或不饱和的链烃基,C3-C18的饱和或不饱和的环烃基,取代或非取代的芳基或杂芳基,环上的取代基选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、C1-C18烷基或者C1-C18烷氧基,所述芳环或杂芳环选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、嘧啶基或咪唑基。
优选的,所述有机溶剂选自:甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、DMF、DMA、DMSO、THF、甲苯中的一种或几种,包含并不仅限于上述溶剂。
其中反应温度为0℃~200℃。
上述具体反应条件可参见实施例。
本发明另一方面提供本发明所述式I化合物、异构体、药学上可以接受的盐或溶剂合物在制备预防和/或治疗磷酸二酯酶4介导的疾病的药物中的用途。
所述药物为磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂。所述磷酸二酯酶4介导的疾病为炎症、中枢神经系统疾病或自身免疫性疾病,如皮肤炎症(湿疹、特应性皮炎)、鼻炎、肺部炎症(哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病)、急性肺损伤、败血症、帕金森病、抑郁症、焦虑症、大肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、多发性硬化症、炎性疼痛、骨质疏松、肾脏疾病、同种异体移植排斥反应、红斑狼疮、银屑病、关节炎、白血病、艾滋病、高血压、糖尿病、勃起功能障碍、肺缺血再灌注损伤等。
有益效果:本发明设计得到的Crisaborole前药化合物在血浆中能迅速转化为原药Crisaborole,与原药相比,具有更好的溶解性,更高的生物利用度,增强了药效。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。这些实施例仅是处于解释说明的目的,而不是限制本发明的范围和实质。
1H-NMR用WNMR-I-400/500MHz型仪测定,MS用Agilent 1100LC/MS仪测定,所用试剂二氯甲烷、乙腈等均购于安耐吉化学试剂公司。氘代DMSO均购于百灵威化学试剂公司。所有溶剂在使用前均经过重新蒸馏,所使用的无水溶剂均是按照标准方法干燥处理获得;产品的纯化除说明外均使用硅胶(200-300目)柱色谱法;其中硅胶(200-300目)是由青岛海洋化工生产,薄层硅胶板由烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司生产。
实施例1式I-1化合物的合成
于反应瓶中加入式2-1化合物264mg,N,N’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)386mg,THF8mL,60℃下搅拌反应1h后,向反应瓶中加入式1化合物876mg的THF(8mL)溶液,继续反应2h,TLC监测反应,反应完毕。将反应液降温至室温,加入硅胶拌样,柱层析分离目标化合物(洗脱剂EA:PE=1:3),得白色固体式I-1化合物211mg,收率:62.46%。MS m/z:322.1(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.50(d,2H),7.12(d,2H),7.04(d,1H),6.88(d,1H),6.85~6.82(s,1H),5.14~5.12(s,2H),2.69~2.66(m,1H),1.10(t,6H).
实施例2式I-2化合物的合成
于反应瓶中加入式2-2化合物464mg,N,N’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)586mg,THF8mL,60℃下搅拌反应1h后,向反应瓶中加入式1化合物1g的THF(8mL)溶液,继续反应2h,TLC监测反应,反应完毕。将反应液降温至室温,加入硅胶拌样,柱层析分离目标化合物(洗脱剂EA:PE=1:3),得白色固体式I-2化合物515mg,收率:71.15%。
MS m/z:392.2(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.53(d,2H),7.16(d,2H,),7.08(d,1H),6.98(d,1H),6.85~6.81(s,1H),5.10~5.05(s,2H),2.3(m,2H),1.54(m,2H),1.30(m,2H),1.28(m,8H),0.85(m,3H).
实施例3式I-3化合物的合成
于反应瓶中加入式2-3化合物464mg,N,N’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)1g,THF8mL,60℃下搅拌反应1h后,向反应瓶中加入式1化合物800mg的THF(8mL)溶液,继续反应2h,TLC监测反应,反应完毕。将反应液降温至室温,加入硅胶拌样,柱层析分离目标化合物(洗脱剂EA:PE=1:3),得白色固体式I-3化合物453mg,收率:76.32%。
MS m/z:322.1(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.58(d,2H),7.20(d,2H,),7.12(d,1H),6.91(d,1H),6.83~6.80(s,1H),5.10~5.04(s,2H),2.2(m,2H),1.64(m,2H),0.88(m,3H).
实施例4式I-4化合物的合成
于反应瓶中加入式2-4化合物464mg,N,N’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)1g,THF8mL,60℃下搅拌反应1h后,向反应瓶中加入式1化合物800mg的THF(8mL)溶液,继续反应2h,TLC监测反应,反应完毕。将反应液降温至室温,加入硅胶拌样,柱层析分离目标化合物(洗脱剂EA:PE=1:3),得白色固体式I-4化合物438mg,收率:62.06%。
MS m/z:384.1(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.58-7.54(m,4H),7.51-7.48(m,2H),7.21(d,2H,),7.12(d,1H),6.90(d,1H),6.81~6.80(s,1H),5.12~5.07(s,2H),2.31(m,2H),1.62(m,2H).
实施例5式I-5化合物的合成
于反应瓶中加入式2-5化合物464mg,N,N’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)1g,THF8mL,60℃下搅拌反应1h后,向反应瓶中加入式1化合物800mg的THF(8mL)溶液,继续反应2h,TLC监测反应,反应完毕。将反应液降温至室温,加入硅胶拌样,柱层析分离目标化合物(洗脱剂EA:PE=1:3),得白色固体式I-5化合物412mg,收率:66.21%。
MS m/z:338.1(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.58(d,2H),7.20(d,2H,),7.09(d,1H),6.89(d,1H),6.83~6.80(s,1H),5.10~5.04(s,2H),4.3(m,2H),1.70(m,2H),0.89(m,3H).
实施例6式I-6化合物的合成
于反应瓶中加入式2-6化合物464mg,N,N’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)1g,THF8mL,60℃下搅拌反应1h后,向反应瓶中加入式1化合物400mg的THF(8mL)溶液,继续反应2h,TLC监测反应,反应完毕。将反应液降温至室温,加入硅胶拌样,柱层析分离目标化合物(洗脱剂EA:PE=1:3),得白色固体式I-6化合物442mg,收率:66.58%。
MS m/z:360.1(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.58(d,2H),7.20(d,2H,),7.12(d,1H),6.91(d,1H),6.85~6.80(s,1H),5.08~5.03(s,2H),3.8(s,6H).
实施例7式I-7化合物的合成
于反应瓶中加入式2-7化合物464mg,N,N’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)1g,THF8mL,60℃下搅拌反应1h后,向反应瓶中加入式1化合物400mg的THF(8mL)溶液,继续反应2h,TLC监测反应,反应完毕。将反应液降温至室温,加入硅胶拌样,柱层析分离目标化合物(洗脱剂EA:PE=1:3),得白色固体式I-7化合物389mg,收率:43.38%。
MS m/z:485.1(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.60(d,2H),7.20(d,2H,),7.18-7.10(m,11H),6.91(d,1H),6.85~6.80(s,1H),5.08~5.03(s,2H).
实施例8 I-1~I-7Crisaborole前药化合物体外稳定性实验
1.高效液相色谱测定条件
液相色谱仪:Waters 2489UV/Visible Detector,Waters 1525Binary HPLCPump;
色谱柱:Kromasil 100-5-C18,Dim:4.6x150mm,Part/Serial:M05CLA15/E121514;
流动相:乙腈(50%-80%)和水梯度洗脱;
流速:1mL/min柱温25℃;
检测波长254nm进样量10μL;
在流动相无干扰下,Crisaborole保留时间约为18min。
2.样品制备
将目标化合物溶于DMSO溶剂中,浓度均按照浓度折算为Crisaborole 120mg/mL,取20μL该溶液加入1.18mL新鲜大鼠空白血浆中,37℃孵化得到样品。
3.样品预处理
在规定时间点每次精密吸取样品120μL,加入120μL乙腈,高速涡旋混合2min,10000r/min离心15min,取上清液,过13mm 0.45μm滤膜,即可测定。
4.原药Crisaborole血浆稳定性试验
取20μL Crisaborole的DMSO溶液(120mg/mL),加入1.18mL新鲜大鼠空白血浆中,37℃孵化,分别于不同时间点取样120μL,按前述方法样品预处理。用HPLC法测定,记录峰面积,计算药物浓度。结果如表1所示。
表1
由表1中的数据表明,Crisaborole在血浆中可以稳定存在。
5.化合物I-1~I-7的体外血浆转化实验
参照前述血浆稳定性试验操作,对化合物I-1~I-7进行了体外血浆转化实验,测试化合物I-1~I-7在不同时间点转化为Crisaborole的转化率。结果如表2所示。
表2
以上数据表明,化合物I-1~I-7在血浆中均能迅速转化为原药Crisaborole。实施例9化合物I-1~I-7透皮性释药实验
用单隔室静态小室法测试,迭取出生三个月的豚鼠背部皮肤进行试验,将固定有实验皮片的释放池安装在单隔室的上侧,置药物于离体实验皮肤上,在32℃水浴中恒温一定时间,吸取实验皮肤下隔室中被搅拌溶液进行测定,用液相色谱议及CR2Ax-2微机处理机,液相色谱仪测定样品室与接收室中样品定峰值,CR2Ax-2微机处理机对峰值计面积做计算,监测与计算药物透过情况。结果如表3所示。
表3测试药物透皮吸收率%
化合物 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
Crisaborole | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
I-1 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.3 |
I-2 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 7.05 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 9.1 |
I-3 | 8.8 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 7.6 |
I-4 | 13.5 | 15.4 | 14.7 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 15.1 | 14.9 | 14.6 |
I-5 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 10.6 |
I-6 | 8.7 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 7.5 |
I-7 | 10.6 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.7 | 10.4 | 11.5 | 10.3 |
药物透皮吸收率实验表明,通过本发明的设计方法得到的Crisaborole前药化合物与Crisaborole相比,具有更优的透皮性质,使得药物可以被快速吸收,并快速转化为原药Crisaborole,从而提高血药浓度,更好的发挥药效,展现出更优的治疗效果,作为新型PDE4抑制剂具有进一步临床研究的潜力。
以上所述仅是本发明的实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种通式I所示化合物,其特征在于:
其中R选自-C(=O)Ra,-C(=O)ORa,-C(=O)(CH2)nPhRb或-P(=O)(ORc)(ORd),
Ra选自C1-C18烷基,C1-C18卤代烷基,或者羧基或氰基取代的C1-C18烷基;
Rb选自H,C1-C18烷基,C1-C18卤代烷基或卤素,n为0-6的整数;
Rc、Rd相同或不同,选自H,C1-C18的饱和或不饱和的链烃基,C3-C18的饱和或不饱和的环烃基,取代或非取代的芳基或杂芳基,环上的取代基选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、C1-C18烷基或者C1-C18烷氧基,所述芳基或杂芳基选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、嘧啶基或咪唑基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于:
R选自-C(=O)Ra,-C(=O)ORa,-C(=O)(CH2)nPhRb或-P(=O)(ORc)(ORd),
Ra选自C1-C10烷基,C1-C10卤代烷基,或者羧基或氰基取代的C1-C10烷基;
Rb选自H,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6卤代烷基或卤素,n为0、1或2;
Rc、Rd相同或不同,选自H,C1-C6的饱和或不饱和的链烃基,C3-C6的饱和或不饱和的环烃基,取代或非取代的芳基或杂芳基,环上的取代基选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、C1-C6烷基或者C1-C6烷氧基,所述芳基或杂芳基选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、嘧啶基或咪唑基。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于:
R选自-C(=O)Ra,-C(=O)ORa,-C(=O)(CH2)nPhRb或-P(=O)(ORc)(ORd),
Ra选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、C8H17、C1-C6卤代烷基,或者羧基或氰基取代的C1-C6烷基;
Rb选自H,甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基,C1-C6卤代烷基或卤素,n为0、1或2;
Rc、Rd相同或不同,选自H,甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物的药学上可以接受的盐。
5.一种药物组合物,其特征在于含有如权利要求1-3任一项所述通式I化合物或如权利要求4所述的化合物药学上可以接受的盐。
6.权利要求1-3任一项所述化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:式1化合物和式2化合物在无溶剂或有机溶剂中在室温或加热条件下经缩合脱水反应制得通式I化合物;
其中R选自-C(=O)Ra,-C(=O)ORa,-C(=O)(CH2)nPhRb或-P(=O)(ORc)(ORd),
Ra选自C1-C18烷基,C1-C18卤代烷基,或者羧基或氰基取代的C1-C18烷基;
Rb选自H,C1-C18烷基,C1-C18卤代烷基或卤素,n为0-6的整数;
Rc、Rd相同或不同,选自H,C1-C18的饱和或不饱和的链烃基,C3-C18的饱和或不饱和的环烃基,取代或非取代的芳基或杂芳基,环上的取代基选自卤素、硝基、氰基、羟基、氨基、C1-C18烷基或者C1-C18烷氧基,所述芳基或杂芳基选自苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、嘧啶基或咪唑基。
7.如权利要求6所述制备方法,其特征在于所述有机溶剂选自:甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、乙腈、DMF、DMA、DMSO、THF、甲苯中的一种或几种。
8.如权利要求6所述制备方法,其特征在于反应温度为0℃~200℃。
9.权利要求1-3任一项所述通式I化合物或如权利要求4所述的化合物的药学上可以接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗磷酸二酯酶4介导的疾病的药物中的用途。
10.如权利要求9所述的用途,其特征在于,所述磷酸二酯酶4介导的疾病为炎症、中枢神经系统疾病或自身免疫性疾病。
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