CN112820779A - 一种薄膜晶体管及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种薄膜晶体管及其制备方法,制备方法包括首先在导电基片上依次堆叠设置介电层、半导体层及辅助层,并使辅助层完全覆盖半导体层;再去除辅助层两端材料,形成镂空电极区域,并使半导体层的两端及介电层从镂空电极区域内露出;之后将缓冲材料充满镂空电极区域,形成缓冲层;最后在两端缓冲层上分别制备源电极与漏电极,并去除辅助层,即得到薄膜晶体管。与现有技术相比,本发明通过插入一层缓冲层材料到金属电极和半导体层,使金属电极或者半导体材料的功函数上升,进而使金属电极与半导体层的接触由肖特基接触转变为欧姆接触,使得接触电阻减小,接触电流显著增加。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微电子技术领域,涉及一种薄膜晶体管及其制备方法。
背景技术
薄膜晶体管(Thin Film Transistor)是一种特殊类型的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET),通过在基板上沉积薄膜状有源半导体层以及介电层,并在半导体层上加入源漏电极制备得到。在工作状态下,薄膜晶体管是通过栅极、源极、漏极电压控制多数载流子在器件中的分布,从而达到控制源极与漏电极之间电流-电压的关系。
MOSFET作为一种多数载流子器件,避免了双极型晶体管工作时少数载流子注入,因而具有更快的响应速度,从而得到较为广泛的应用。同时,功率MOSFET能够提供非常大的安全工作区,并且多个单元结构能够并行使用,具有高功率密度的优势。
对于目前的薄膜晶体管来说,其源极、漏极直接与半导体进行接触,两者的接触之间会形成范德华间隙,范德华间隙的存在会导致晶体管工作时载流子需要更大的能量才能从电极转移到半导体上,接触电阻变大,器件迁移率降低和导电特性变差。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种薄膜晶体管及其制备方法,用于解决受范德华间隙的影响,使得电极与半导体层之间接触电阻变大,器件迁移率降低和导电特性变差的问题。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种薄膜晶体管,包括电极与半导体层,其中所述的电极与半导体层之间还设有缓冲层,该缓冲层用于实现电极与半导体层之间的欧姆接触。
进一步地,所述的缓冲层中,所用缓冲材料包括石墨烯、纳米晶体石墨烯、石墨炔、金属酞菁化合物及噻吩衍生物中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的金属酞菁化合物包括酞菁铜、酞菁镍、酞菁锌、酞菁钴、酞菁铂、氟代酞菁铜、氟代酞菁锌、氟代酞菁铁、氟代酞菁钴中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的噻吩衍生物包括噻吩齐聚物、聚噻吩、聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)-聚(苯乙烯磺酸)以及氟代齐聚噻吩中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述的电极的材料包括ITO、Al、Mg、Ag、Ta、Ti、Cr、Mo、Cu、Au、Pt中的至少一种。
一种薄膜晶体管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)构建辅助层:在导电基片上依次堆叠设置介电层、半导体层及辅助层,并使辅助层完全覆盖半导体层;
2)构建电极区域;去除辅助层两端材料,形成镂空电极区域,并使半导体层的两端及介电层从镂空电极区域内露出;
3)修饰缓冲层:将缓冲材料充满镂空电极区域,形成缓冲层;
4)制备电极:在两端缓冲层上分别制备源电极与漏电极,并去除辅助层,即得到所述的薄膜晶体管。
进一步地,步骤1)中,所述的辅助层的材料包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚酰胺、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯、聚丙烯、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚醋酸乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚异丁烯、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、光刻胶、酚醛树脂、氟橡胶、有机硅橡胶、天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶中的至少一种。
进一步地,步骤2)中,通过光刻技术去除辅助层两端材料,形成镂空电极区域,并在光刻过程中通过控制光刻功率及时间以避免损伤镂空电极区域内的半导体层及介电层,同时也可通过控制镂空电极区域的位置、形状及尺寸,以控制缓冲层的位置、形状及尺寸。
进一步地,步骤3)中,通过转移或沉积法使缓冲材料充满镂空电极区域,并形成缓冲层。
进一步地,步骤4)中,通过电子束蒸发法制备电极。
本发明提供一种在制作薄膜晶体管过程中降低金属电极与半导体接触电阻的方法,采用辅助层的方法于金属电极与半导体层之间插入一层缓冲层,实现电极金属或半导体层材料功函数上升,使金属与半导体的接触由肖特基接触向欧姆接触转变,进而使得接触电阻的下降和接触电流增大。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下特点:
1)本发明中的辅助层可以防止光刻技术对半导体层的伤害,同时实现对缓冲层的位置、尺寸和形状控制,并避免缓冲层材料进入薄膜晶体管的沟道,影响半导体器件的性能;
2)本发明利用辅助层作为遮挡物将缓冲层插入到金属电极与半导体材料之间,为两者之间提供一个新的隧道路径,载流子将沿着新隧道路径进行转移,并使得传输阻力减小,导通电流增大;
3)本发明通过插入一层缓冲材料到金属电极和半导体层之间,使金属电极或者半导体材料的功函数上升,金属电极与半导体层之间由肖特基接触转变为欧姆接触,进而使得接触电阻减小,接触电流显著增加。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中所制备的薄膜晶体管的结构示意图;
图2为实施例1中构建半导体层后的薄膜晶体管的俯视图;
图3为实施例1中构建电极区域后的薄膜晶体管的俯视图;
图4为实施例1中构建缓冲层后的薄膜晶体管的俯视图;
图5为实施例1中构建电极后的薄膜晶体管的俯视图;
图6为实施例1中所制备的薄膜晶体管的俯视图;
图7为以MoS2半导体层和Cu电极构建的薄膜晶体管的输出曲线图;
图8为实施例2中以MoS2半导体层和Cu电极构建并修饰石墨烯缓冲层的薄膜晶体管的输出曲线图;
图9为石墨烯缓冲层修饰前后的薄膜晶体管的输出曲线对比图;
图10为石墨烯缓冲层修饰前后的薄膜晶体管转移曲线对比图;
图中标记说明:
1-导电基片、2-介电层、3-半导体层、4-缓冲层、5-电极、6-辅助层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种薄膜晶体管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)构建辅助层:在表面设有介电层的导电基片上,通过机械剥离法或沉积法制备半导体层,之后将辅助材料铺设于半导体层上,并使辅助材料完全覆盖半导体层,形成辅助层;
2)构建电极区域;通过光刻技术去除辅助层两端材料,形成镂空电极区域,并使半导体层的两端及介电层从镂空电极区域内露出;
3)修饰缓冲层:通过转移或沉积法使缓冲材料充满镂空电极区域,形成缓冲层;
4)制备电极:通过电子束蒸发法,在两端缓冲层上分别制备源电极与漏电极,并去除辅助层,即得到薄膜晶体管。
其中,辅助层材料包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚酰胺、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯、聚丙烯、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚醋酸乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚异丁烯、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、光刻胶、酚醛树脂、氟橡胶、有机硅橡胶、天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶中的至少一种。
缓冲材料包括石墨烯、纳米晶体石墨烯、石墨炔、金属酞菁化合物及噻吩衍生物中的至少一种;金属酞菁化合物包括酞菁铜、酞菁镍、酞菁锌、酞菁钴、酞菁铂、氟代酞菁铜、氟代酞菁锌、氟代酞菁铁、氟代酞菁钴中的至少一种。噻吩衍生物包括噻吩齐聚物、聚噻吩、聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)-聚(苯乙烯磺酸)以及氟代齐聚噻吩中的至少一种。
源电极与漏电极的电极材料包括ITO、Al、Mg、Ag、Ta、Ti、Cr、Mo、Cu、Au、Pt中的至少一种。
本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1:
如图1所示的一种二碲化钼薄膜晶体管,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)基片预处理:依次使用丙酮、异丙醇对硅基片(15mm×15mm)进行15min超声清洗,再使用酒精冲洗,之后通过氮气吹扫去除残留酒精,并置于65℃的烘箱内烘干2h,得到预处理硅基片;
2)制备二氧化硅介电层:将预处理硅基片置于加热炉内,并在氧气氛围中于1100℃下加热处理35分钟,使硅基片上生成厚度为100nm的二氧化硅介电层2,得到含有二氧化硅介电层2的导电基片1;
3)制备二碲化钼半导体层:如图2所示,通过机械剥离法将二碲化钼转移至二氧化硅介电层2上形成厚度为11.8nm的二碲化钼半导体层3;
4)构建辅助层:透过光学显微镜,将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(分子量为4950k/mol,11%溶于茴香醚)以3500rpm的转速于二氧化硅介电层2上旋涂45s,并覆盖二碲化钼半导体层3,形成辅助层6;
5)光刻电极区域:如图3所示,通过光刻技术在辅助层6两端形成镂空电极区域,使二碲化钼半导体层3的两端及二氧化硅介电层2分别从2个镂空电极区域内露出;
6)修饰缓冲层:如图4所示,将石墨烯覆盖于镂空电极区域内的二碲化钼半导体层3的两端,形成缓冲层4;
7)制备金属电极:如图5所示,真空环境中通过电子束蒸发方法,在镂空电极区域内制备铜电极5,之后在丙酮蒸气下蒸洗10分钟去除辅助层6,即得到如图6所示的二碲化钼薄膜晶体管。
实施例2:
一种二硫化钼薄膜晶体管,其制备方法中步骤3)为:
制备二硫化钼半导体层:将三氧化钼和硫粉末以质量比1:20,分布于在水平管式炉两个坩埚中,并在氩气氛围中,650℃下反应40min,使二氧化硅介电层2沉积一层二硫化钼半导体,并形成二硫化钼半导体层3。
其余同实施例1。
本实施例还将修饰石墨烯缓冲层的薄膜晶体管与未修饰的相比较,结果如图7-10所示,从图中可以看出,在输出曲线中,饱和电流增大了约4.65倍(VDS=30V,VG=0V),在转移曲线中,开关电流比由1.86变成5.22(VDS=0V)。
实施例3:
一种并五苯有机薄膜晶体管,其制备方法中
步骤3)为,制备并五苯有机半导体层:将含有二氧化硅介电层2的硅基片放入薄膜沉积系统的反应腔体中,取适量并五苯放入加热台中,之后将反应腔体抽真空,加热到180℃后观察膜厚仪使并五苯沉积于二氧化硅介电层2上的厚度为50nm,形成并五苯有机半导体层3。
步骤4)为,构建辅助层:在光学显微镜中寻找适合制作晶体管的位置,同时在该位置上旋涂光刻胶(正胶)辅助层;
步骤5)为,光刻电极区域:通过光刻技术在辅助层6两端形成镂空电极区域,使并五苯有机半导体层3的两端及二氧化硅介电层2分别从2个镂空电极区域内露出;
步骤6)为,修饰缓冲层:将步骤5)所得硅基片置于薄膜沉积系统的反应腔体中,抽真空后,加热酞菁锌使其在镂空电极区域沉积,并形成酞菁锌缓冲层4;
其余同实施例1。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种薄膜晶体管,包括电极(5)与半导体层(3),其特征在于,所述的电极(5)与半导体层(3)之间还设有缓冲层(4),该缓冲层(4)用于实现电极(5)与半导体层(3)之间的欧姆接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述的缓冲层(4)中,所用缓冲材料包括石墨烯、纳米晶体石墨烯、石墨炔、金属酞菁化合物及噻吩衍生物中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述的金属酞菁化合物包括酞菁铜、酞菁镍、酞菁锌、酞菁钴、酞菁铂、氟代酞菁铜、氟代酞菁锌、氟代酞菁铁、氟代酞菁钴中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述的噻吩衍生物包括噻吩齐聚物、聚噻吩、聚(3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩)-聚(苯乙烯磺酸)以及氟代齐聚噻吩中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述的电极(5)的材料包括ITO、Al、Mg、Ag、Ta、Ti、Cr、Mo、Cu、Au、Pt中的至少一种。
6.一种如权利要求1至5任一项所述的薄膜晶体管的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)构建辅助层:在导电基片(1)上依次堆叠设置介电层(2)、半导体层(3)及辅助层(6),并使辅助层(6)完全覆盖半导体层(3);
2)构建电极区域;去除辅助层(6)两端材料,形成镂空电极区域,并使半导体层(3)的两端及介电层(2)从镂空电极区域内露出;
3)修饰缓冲层:将缓冲材料充满镂空电极区域,形成缓冲层(4);
4)制备电极:在两端缓冲层(4)上制备电极(5),并去除辅助层(6),即得到所述的薄膜晶体管。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种薄膜晶体管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述的辅助层(6)的材料包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚酰胺、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯、聚丙烯、聚邻苯二甲酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚醋酸乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚异丁烯、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、光刻胶、酚醛树脂、氟橡胶、有机硅橡胶、天然橡胶、丁腈橡胶中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种薄膜晶体管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,通过光刻技术去除辅助层(6)两端材料,形成镂空电极区域。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种薄膜晶体管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,通过转移或沉积法使缓冲材料充满镂空电极区域,并形成缓冲层(4)。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种薄膜晶体管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,通过电子束蒸发法制备电极(5)。
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CN104377247A (zh) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-02-25 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 薄膜晶体管、显示装置及薄膜晶体管的制造方法 |
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