CN1128201C - 固定床的粒状燃料气化的反应器 - Google Patents

固定床的粒状燃料气化的反应器 Download PDF

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CN1128201C
CN1128201C CN99802818A CN99802818A CN1128201C CN 1128201 C CN1128201 C CN 1128201C CN 99802818 A CN99802818 A CN 99802818A CN 99802818 A CN99802818 A CN 99802818A CN 1128201 C CN1128201 C CN 1128201C
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reactor
fixed bed
product gas
separator
annular wall
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CN1290291A (zh
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G·施密特
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Lurgi Clean Coal Technology Pte Ltd
Lurgi Corp
Lurgi Ltd
Mg Technology Ltd By Share Ltd
GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C10J3/42—Rotary grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的反应器包括一固定床，其下部区域引入了含氧的气化剂。所述气化剂在固定床中向上运动。含有氢和一氧化碳的产物气体经位于固定上方的排放管道被引出该反应器。在反应器中设有至少一台旋风除尘器，以使固体与产物气体分离。所述旋风除尘器有用于来自固定床的带有粉尘的产物气体的入口，产物气体的排放管线及将该固排入固定床的管线。所述旋风除尘器的排放管线与该反应器的排放管道相连。

Description

固定床的粒状燃料气化的反应器
本发明涉及使粒状燃料气化的反应器，其中该燃料在反应器中形成固定床，在该床的下部通入含氧的气化介质，该介质在固定床中向上运动，而其中的含氢和碳的各氧化物的产物气体经位于固定床上方的排放管线从该反应器中排出。
这种反应器已久为人知了，而且在，比如，美国专利US 5,094,669，欧洲专利EP 0,078,100和英国专利GB 2,003,589中被描述过。气化借助反应器中的旋转炉栅和固体灰渣的排放来进行，或不用旋转炉栅，通过排放液态渣来进行。
所有种类的煤均被用作燃料，这包括褐煤和泥煤，可以向该燃料添加各种废弃物。当从顶部加入固定床的燃料颗粒过于细小时，产物气体带出反应器的燃料量大得不正常，然后该燃料又被转移到后续设备中。这会导致作业故障，这里需要使反应器停车的。由于增加反应器的最大能力，从而加大产物气体的生成，也会出现产物气流从反应器中带走过多的细粒燃料的现象。
本发明的目的在于提供上述的反应器，它即使在强大的产物气流的情况下，也不会将不正常量的细粒燃料从反应器中带出。按本发明是这样完成该目的的：在反应器中设置至少一台离心分离器，以便使固体与产物气体分离，该离心分离器有一用于来自固定床的载有粉尘的产物气体的入口、用于产物气体的出口管线，和将固体导入固定床的固体排放管线，其中该出口管线与反应器的排放管相通。
在反应器中设置多台离心分离器是有益的，其中，该分离器的出口管线开通于设在反应器上部中的环形室中，该环形室与排放管相通。
本发明的一个较佳实施方案的要点在于：在反应器上部中，设有一垂直的环形的壁，而该分离器的入口开口被置于被环形壁包围的反应器的那部分的外侧。该环形壁保证了分离器的入口开口被置于固定床的上方。
用旋风分离器作离心分离器是理想的，但也可采用其它的离心分离器。反应器通常在1-80巴的压力运行。
下面参照附图说明该的反应器的实施方案，其中：
图1是表示带有旋转炉栅的气化反应器的示意性纵剖面图；
图2展示了与图1中的反应器相似的反应器第二种变形；
图3展示了反应器的另一种变形。
图1所示的反应器具有外壳1，它通常是水冷的。粒状燃料来自储料器2，然后经过阀3下落，该阀于此时是开向固定床4的。在反应器下部设有旋转炉栅5，氧和蒸汽的混合物经气化介质管线6被供往该处，该混合物从旋转炉栅5被分配于固定床4中。以一种未经详细表述的方式将炉灰经开口7向下抽出。
吸热的气化反应所需的能量是由部分氧化提供。粗产物气体经排放管9离开反应器，然后被送去冷却和清理。在其上端，垂直的环形壁10与反应器外壳1气密地相连，它还起着与排放管9相通的环形室11的边界的作用。环形盘状的水平隔板12被设置在外壳1和环形壁10之间，它起着环形室11下边界的作用。
在图1中，有2台旋风除尘器13，它的出口管线14向上伸入环形室11中。每台旋风除尘器13的出口15被设置在隔板12之下及固定床4之上。从固定床4中流出的带有粉尘的产物气体被强制经开口15流入两台旋风除尘器13中之一，于此，被分离出来的固体经各自的固体排放管线16再循环到固定床4中。为更好地向下排放固体，使排放管线16的下部扩张。可根据需要选择旋风除尘器的台数，而该数一般为1-10台。
离开旋风除尘器13的产物气体首先经出口管线14流入环形室11，然后流向排放管9。这种产物气体中的粉尘含量以这种方式受到限制，从而避免了运行故障。
根据图2，旋风除尘器13被设置在由环形壁10包围的部位内，因而或多或少地位于固定床4内，此处的温度是相当低的。按图1中的布局，旋风除尘离器13被设置在环形壁10的外侧，因而产物气体绕其流动。图2中的标号与图1中的标号具有相同的含意。
于图3中被示意性说明的反应器仅有一台旋风除尘器13，它的出口管线14与排放管9直接相通。来自固定床4的带有粉尘的产物气体经开口15流入旋风除尘器13，而被分离出来的固体经排放管线16再循环至固定床4中。喷咀20用于提供气化介质，而液态渣经出口7a被抽出。
如图1或2所示的带有旋转炉栅的气化反应器，按照图3可简便地仅配备一台旋风除尘器13，而以排放液态渣而运行的图3所示的该反应器同样也象图1和2所示那样可具有多台旋风除尘器13。

Claims (6)

1.用于使粒状燃料气化的反应器，其中，该反应器中的该燃料形成一固定床，在该床的下部引入了含氧的气化介质，它在固定床中向上移动，而其中的含氢及碳的氧化物的产物气体经固定床上方的排放管抽出，该反应器的特征在于，在该反应器中设有至少一台用于使固体与产物气体分离的离心分离器，该分离器具有用于来自固定床的带有粉尘的产物气体的入口、用于产物气体的出口管线及将固体导入该固定床的固体排放管线，其中的该出口管线与反应器的排放管相通。
2.权利要求1的反应器，其特征在于，在该反应器中设有多台离心分离器，而该分离器的出口管线开通于设在该反应器上部中的环形室内，该环形室是与排放管相通的。
3.权利要求1或2的反应器，其特征在于，在该反应器上部设有垂直的环形壁，而且该分离器的入口被置于该反应器的被环形壁围起的那部分的外侧。
4.权利要求3的反应器，其特征在于，该分离器被设置在被环形壁包围的那部分的外侧。
5.权利要求3的反应器，其特征在于，该分离器被设置在被环形壁包围的那部分内部。
6.权利要求1的反应器，其特征在于，该离心分离器指的是旋风除尘器。
CN99802818A 1998-09-11 1999-09-07 固定床的粒状燃料气化的反应器 Expired - Lifetime CN1128201C (zh)

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DE19841586A DE19841586A1 (de) 1998-09-11 1998-09-11 Reaktor zum Vergasen körniger Brennstoffe, die ein Festbett bilden
DE19841586.9 1998-09-11

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US (1) US7258841B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1133539B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1128201C (zh)
DE (2) DE19841586A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2190251T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2000015738A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA995847B (zh)

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DE102009023457B4 (de) 2009-06-02 2011-05-19 Lurgi Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von backender Steinkohle
CN104109561B (zh) * 2014-06-30 2017-01-11 狄国旺 一种内置旋风除尘器的生物质气化炉
RU2693961C1 (ru) * 2018-07-18 2019-07-08 Николай Борисович Болотин Газогенераторная электроустановка
CN113801701B (zh) * 2021-09-06 2022-05-20 华中科技大学 一种适合于宽筛分原料的气化反应器

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GB2140026A (en) * 1983-05-16 1984-11-21 Dravo Corp Improvements in or relating to a fixed bed gasifier

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GB2140026A (en) * 1983-05-16 1984-11-21 Dravo Corp Improvements in or relating to a fixed bed gasifier

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ES2190251T3 (es) 2003-07-16
DE19841586A1 (de) 2000-03-16
US7258841B1 (en) 2007-08-21
DE59904195D1 (de) 2003-03-06
WO2000015738A1 (de) 2000-03-23
ZA995847B (en) 2001-03-12
CN1290291A (zh) 2001-04-04
EP1133539B1 (de) 2003-01-29

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CX01 Expiry of patent term