CN112819451A - Decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system based on block chain - Google Patents
Decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system, which comprises: the application layer is used for providing clients and corresponding service functions for different types of users in the road traffic carbon transaction system; the service layer is used for providing customized calling interfaces for different clients so as to meet different service requirements; a contract layer for managing and deploying intelligent contracts for road traffic carbon transactions; a block chain layer for providing block chain related services; an environmental layer for sensing, monitoring, transmitting and processing of the downlink data. According to the invention, traceable, measurable, tradable and non-falsifiable road traffic carbon emission can be realized, and the problems of high management cost and high implementation difficulty of a road traffic carbon transaction mechanism are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon transaction, in particular to a block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system.
Background
The transportation department is a key focus area for dealing with global climate change and energy conservation and emission reduction, is the second largest carbon emission department in the world, and is also the fastest-growing energy consumption department. At present, the total carbon emission amount of China is the first worldwide, and as the economic society of China is in a rapid development stage, the proportion of carbon emission of the traffic department to the carbon emission of the whole society will continue to increase, wherein the carbon emission of road traffic occupies 86.32% of the carbon emission of the traffic department. Carbon trading is used as a policy tool for relieving climate change, and the carbon emission increase of road traffic can be controlled more definitely, more flexibly and more efficiently in a total amount control and quota trading mode.
However, since the carbon trading in road traffic involves monitoring and management of various different responsibility entities such as upstream fuel supply enterprises, midstream automobile production enterprises, downstream automobile users and the like and a large number of mobile emission sources, most of the carbon trading systems in the world currently do not include the road traffic department with the fastest increase in carbon emission. Meanwhile, most of the existing carbon transaction systems are centralized systems which are operated and supervised by third-party intermediary institutions, so that the transaction cost is high, and problems of system paralysis, report counterfeiting, repeated calculation and the like can occur, which seriously influences the utility of the policy tool.
The de-centering, automated, trusted blockchain technique can solve the above problems to some extent. By applying the blockchain technology to carbon transaction, point-to-point carbon transaction can be realized in a network without trust, and the intelligent contract in the blockchain can automatically execute the carbon transaction according to a preset rule, so that a third-party intermediary mechanism for guaranteeing credit and transaction safety in the traditional carbon transaction is replaced, and time cost, labor cost and resource consumption caused by credit maintenance are greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the block chain system generates and updates data by using a distributed consensus algorithm, so that the possibility of illegally distorting the data is avoided from the technical level, and the traceability of carbon emission is improved.
However, since the blockchain technology has just been created in recent years and is still developing, there are few technical solutions for applying the blockchain to the carbon transaction system, and the blockchain has only been primarily applied to the carbon transaction system in the power industry and the industrial industry, and there is no technical solution for applying the blockchain to the road traffic carbon transaction system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system, which realizes traceable, measurable, tradable and non-falsifiable road traffic carbon emission, and solves the problems of high management cost and high implementation difficulty of a road traffic carbon transaction mechanism. To achieve the above objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a block chain based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system, comprising:
the application layer is used for providing clients and corresponding service functions for different types of users in the road traffic carbon transaction system;
the service layer is used for providing customized calling interfaces for different clients so as to meet different service requirements;
a contract layer for managing and deploying intelligent contracts for road traffic carbon transactions;
a block chain layer for providing block chain related services;
an environment layer for sensing, monitoring, transmitting and processing of the downlink data;
the application layer comprises a plurality of different types of users, and each user respectively carries out the operation corresponding to the service;
the contract layer realizes the function of a service layer through a Fabric chain code;
when the block chain layer receives a transaction request of the application layer, calling an intelligent contract through a gPC interface, automatically executing the transaction if preset conditions are met, packaging the transaction into a data block, and writing the data block into a distributed account book after consensus;
the environmental layer ensures infrastructure and resource devices for the operation of the block chain based road traffic carbon transaction system.
Preferably, the application layer comprises a government client, an automobile user client, a fuel supply enterprise client, an automobile production enterprise client and corresponding business functions.
Preferably, the government client logs in the government client through a key distributed by a government administrator by using a system super administrator, and other clients log in corresponding clients through keys registered and authorized in government related departments to perform respective operation at a business level.
Preferably, the business layer comprises a government calling function module, an automobile user calling function module, a fuel supply enterprise calling function module and an enterprise automobile production enterprise calling function module, the government calling function module is used for calling and using a government client, the automobile user calling function module is used for calling and using an automobile user client, the fuel supply enterprise calling function module is used for calling and using a fuel supply enterprise client, and the enterprise automobile production enterprise calling function module is used for calling and using an automobile production enterprise client.
Preferably, the government calling function module comprises an identity management module, a carbon quota distribution module, an industry benchmark release module, a performance assessment and default fine module;
the automobile user calling function module comprises a carbon quota transaction module, a fuel purchasing module and an account management module;
the fuel supply enterprise calling function module and the enterprise and vehicle production enterprise calling function module respectively comprise an account management module, a carbon point accounting module and a carbon point transaction module;
preferably, the contract layer includes an initialization contract module, an account book inquiry contract module, a quota transaction contract module, a fuel transaction contract module, a point accounting contract module and a point transaction contract module, and the business layer realizes the function of the business layer through the contract layer.
Preferably, the blockchain layer includes a P2P network module, a consensus service module and a distributed ledger module, the consensus service module includes three links of endorsement, sorting and verification, the P2P network module is used for ensuring communication and interaction among nodes in the Fabric, the consensus service module is used for keeping the nodes in the P2P network in the same state all the time, and the distributed ledger module is used for storing all data in the blockchain system.
Preferably, the environment layer comprises an internet environment module, a distributed storage environment module, an intelligent instrument environment module, an internet of things and 5G technical environment module and a cloud computing environment module.
Preferably, the initialization contract module is used for the current functional requirements of identity management, initial carbon quota allocation and industry benchmark release, and a call request is sent by a government through a government client before a performance period begins, so that an intelligent contract is triggered to be automatically executed;
the account book inquiry contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of performing examination and user account management, and respectively sends out a calling request through respective client sides when a government needs to inquire account information through government client sides and various users so as to trigger the automatic execution of intelligent contracts;
the quota transaction contract module is used for realizing the function requirement of optimal emission reduction cost through carbon quota transaction between automobile users, and the automobile users send calling requests through clients in the carbon quota transaction period to trigger the intelligent contract to automatically execute;
preferably, the fuel transaction contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of purchasing fuel and consuming carbon quota by the automobile user, and when the automobile user supplies fuel at a website (a gas station, a gas station and the like) of a fuel supply enterprise, the automobile user sends a calling request through a client side of the automobile user to trigger the intelligent contract to automatically execute;
the integration accounting contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of accounting and automatically generating the actual carbon integration of fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises, and the enterprises send out a calling request through the client after the performance period is finished to trigger the intelligent contract to automatically execute;
the point transaction contract module is used for achieving the functional requirements that the carbon point transaction is conducted between a fuel supply enterprise and an automobile production enterprise so that the emission reduction cost of each point transaction is optimal and the functional requirements that a government enforces a compulsory fine for a default enterprise, and the point transaction contract module sends a calling request through a client to trigger the intelligent contract to be automatically executed in the carbon point transaction period of the enterprise and after the carbon point transaction period of the government is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method can ensure that the road traffic carbon emission data recorded on the blockchain is untrustworthy and traceable, and is convenient for the government to carry out strict performance assessment on various subjects.
(2) The method can provide a decentralized trusted environment without a third-party intermediary mechanism for the road traffic carbon transaction, greatly simplifies the government management difficulty and reduces the transaction cost of participants.
(3) The automation degree and the transaction efficiency of the road traffic carbon transaction system can be greatly improved.
(4) The safety and the privacy of the road traffic carbon transaction system can be effectively guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a business logic diagram of a block chain based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of a block chain based de-centering road traffic carbon transaction system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block chain based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system initialization contract execution flow diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block chain based ledger query contract execution flow diagram for a decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of quota trading contract execution for a blockchain based decentralized road traffic carbon trading system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a fuel trade contract execution flow diagram for a blockchain based de-centralization road traffic carbon trading system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block chain based point accounting execution flow diagram for a decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block chain based decentralized road traffic carbon trading system credit trading contract execution flow diagram according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a block chain based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system includes: the application layer is used for providing clients and corresponding business functions for different types of users in the road traffic carbon transaction system, and the application layer mainly provides the clients and the corresponding business functions for different types of users (governments, automobile users, fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises). Different forms of user operation interfaces such as Web pages or mobile phone apps can be developed through Software Development Kit (SDK) provided by Fabric. The government administrator can log in the government client by using the key distributed by the system super administrator, and other users can log in the corresponding client by using the key registered and authorized in relevant government departments to perform operation of respective service level;
the service layer is mainly composed of all functional modules of the system, each functional module is a subsystem which operates independently, and the service layer provides customized calling interfaces for different clients so as to meet different service requirements. The functional modules that can be called by the government client comprise: identity management, carbon quota allocation, performance assessment, and default fines; the functional modules that can be called by the client of the automobile user are as follows: carbon quota transactions, fuel purchases, and account management; the functional modules that can be called by fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises are the same: account management, carbon credit accounting, and carbon credit transactions;
the contract layer is used for managing and deploying intelligent contracts of the road traffic carbon transaction, and the contract layer is responsible for managing and deploying the intelligent contracts and realizes the functions of a business layer through the Fabric chain code. The Fabric chain code is a basic method for accessing a distributed account book, and is generally a code which is written by a high-level language such as Go and realizes a specified business function. The upper layer application may invoke the chain code through the API to initiate the transaction and add a new tile. The chain codes can be mutually called as long as the proper authority is provided. Developers can customize functions in chain code so that one intelligent contract can implement one or more functions. For example: the initialization contract is responsible for realizing identity management and carbon quota distribution, and the account book inquiry contract is responsible for realizing the functions of performing examination, account management and the like; the quota transaction contract is responsible for implementing a carbon quota transaction function; the fuel trading contract is responsible for realizing the function of purchasing fuel; the integral accounting contract is responsible for realizing the carbon integral accounting function; the point transaction contract is responsible for realizing the functions of carbon point transaction and default fine;
the block chain layer is used for providing block chain related services, mainly provides the block chain related services, is supported by the Fabric platform, and mainly comprises three technologies of a P2P network, a consensus service and a distributed account book. The P2P network is a communication mode of nodes in the blockchain network, and is responsible for ensuring communication and interaction among the nodes in Fabric. The consensus service is used for keeping all nodes in the P2P network in the same state all the time, and comprises three links of endorsement, sequencing and verification. The distributed ledger is responsible for the storage of all data in the blockchain system, such as transaction information, world state, and the like. When the block chain layer receives a transaction request of the application layer, calling an intelligent contract through a gPC interface, automatically executing the transaction if a preset condition is met, packaging the transaction into a data block, and writing the data block into a distributed account book after consensus;
and the environment layer is used for sensing, monitoring, transmitting and processing the data under the link, is an infrastructure, resource equipment and the like for ensuring the operation of the road traffic carbon transaction system based on the block link, and is used for sensing, monitoring, transmitting, processing and the like of the data under the link. For example, the internet environment guarantees the construction of a P2P network, distributed storage guarantees safe storage of mass data, an intelligent instrument is used for monitoring parameters such as the quantity of fuel and the driving mileage of an automobile, the internet of things and a 5G technology can guarantee real-time uploading of monitoring data, and cloud computing can quickly analyze the uploaded data;
the application layer comprises a plurality of different types of users, and each user respectively carries out the operation corresponding to the service;
the contract layer realizes the function of a service level through a Fabric chain code, the contract layer is designed for an intelligent contract, the intelligent contract is one of the most core parts of a road traffic carbon transaction system based on a block chain, interaction and operation on a distributed account book and a transaction entity can be realized through the Fabric chain code deployed on a node, and various service logics are realized through calling a chain code interface. The invention designs the intelligent contract aiming at different business functions, different participants are represented as structural bodies in the contract, and the contract can be called, so the interaction is easier.
When the block chain layer receives a transaction request of the application layer, calling an intelligent contract through a gPC interface, automatically executing the transaction if preset conditions are met, packaging the transaction into a data block, and writing the data block into a distributed account book after consensus;
the environmental layer ensures infrastructure and resource devices for the operation of the block chain based road traffic carbon transaction system.
Referring to fig. 1, the orange line represents the type of transaction that is the initial carbon quota allocation, and the participants are government and automobile users: on the first day of the carbon transaction fulfillment cycle, the government issues carbon credits free into the automobile user account; the type of transaction represented by the blue line is a carbon quota transaction, and the participants are car users: in a transaction period, all automobile users determine to become buyers or sellers of carbon quota according to respective carbon emission conditions, and the sellers sell the rest carbon quota to the buyers to obtain corresponding digital currency to complete one carbon transaction; the type of transaction represented by the red line is an emission factor carbon credit transaction, and the participants are fuel supply companies: after the fulfillment period is finished, all fuel supply enterprises calculate the carbon credits of the fuel emission factors, and negative-credit enterprises need to purchase the carbon credits to positive-credit enterprises for compensation and pay digital money; the transaction type represented by the green connecting line is energy consumption intensity carbon integration transaction, and the participants are automobile manufacturers: after the fulfillment period is finished, all automobile production enterprises calculate respective automobile energy consumption intensity carbon credits, and negative-credit enterprises need to purchase the carbon credits to positive-credit enterprises for compensation and pay digital currencies; the type of transaction represented by the purple line is fuel purchase, and the participants are automobile users and fuel supply companies: during the fulfillment period, whenever an automobile user purchases automobile fuel through a fuel supply enterprise, the fuel supply enterprise needs to be paid with a carbon quota corresponding to the emission amount to reflect consumption of the carbon quota; the type of transaction represented by the black line is a penalty, and the participants are governments, fuel supply companies and automobile production companies: after the carbon credit transaction period is over, if the negative credit business still does not complete the compensation, the government needs to be paid with a prescribed amount of digital currency as a fine and issued a positive credit to complete the final compensation.
Further, the application layer comprises a government client, an automobile user client, a fuel supply enterprise client, an automobile production enterprise client and corresponding business functions.
Furthermore, the government client logs in the government client through a key distributed by a government administrator by using a system super administrator, and other clients log in corresponding clients through keys registered and authorized in relevant government departments to perform respective operation of service levels.
Furthermore, the business layer comprises a government calling function module, an automobile user calling function module, a fuel supply enterprise calling function module and an enterprise automobile production enterprise calling function module, the government calling function module is used for calling and using a government client, the automobile user calling function module is used for calling and using an automobile user client, the fuel supply enterprise calling function module is used for calling and using a fuel supply enterprise client, and the enterprise automobile production enterprise calling function module is used for calling and using an automobile production enterprise client.
Furthermore, the government calling function module comprises an identity management module, a carbon quota distribution module, an industry benchmark release module, a performance assessment and default fine module, wherein in the identity management, relevant government departments, as regulators of carbon transaction in road traffic, first need to provide chain registration service for automobile users, fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises within the mechanism coverage range and authorize block chain transactions which the relevant government departments can participate in. When a user applies for registration and registration, personal information is required to be provided for verification, after the verification is passed, a system generates a pair of public and private key pairs and corresponding blockchain addresses as unique identity keys of the user on a blockchain, and licenses of corresponding channels are distributed to the unique identity keys.
Before the carbon transaction mechanism is performed, the government needs to distribute free initial carbon quota to the registered automobile users, and issues an industry reference emission factor and an industry reference energy consumption intensity to all nodes of a block chain for performing assessment; in order to perform the performance assessment, the government has an authority to inquire the carbon quota balance of all registered automobile users and the carbon quota balance of enterprises on a block chain, and after the performance is finished, whether a responsibility main body reaches the performance condition is evaluated; the default fines are used for enterprises with unqualified assessment, such as fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises with negative points after the end of a carbon point transaction period, and the government needs to force a certain amount of digital money to be collected from an account of the government to serve as the fines, and then a certain amount of positive points are issued to the fine, so that the negative points are zeroed to conduct assessment in the next year.
The automobile user calling function module comprises a carbon quota trading module, a fuel purchasing module and an account management module, wherein the carbon quota trading module is used for enabling an automobile user to have the dominance right on the initial carbon quota of the automobile user, and determining to purchase or sell the carbon quota in a carbon trading market according to the self requirement. On each carbon quota trading day, the automobile user can submit quotes and quantities on the trading system, the system automatically carries out collective bidding and continuous bidding to generate a trading unit price, and the trading is automatically completed, namely: the carbon quota on the seller account automatically reduces the number of the newspaper and the seller, and the digital currency automatically increases the corresponding amount according to the price of the delivery order; the carbon quota on the buyer account automatically increases the number of bought, and the digital currency automatically reduces the corresponding amount according to the payment price; the fuel purchasing module is used for paying fuel cost by digital currency and carbon quota of corresponding amount when a vehicle user purchases fuel. The intelligent meter of the gas station will automatically calculate the amount of the required payment and the amount of the carbon quota according to the amount of the purchased fuel and the emission factor of the fuel. The purchase of fuel is only completed when the vehicle user pays sufficient digital currency and carbon quota to the fuel supply company through the blockchain; the account management module is used for allowing the automobile user to only have the authority to access the own account and check the own digital currency and the carbon quota balance. Digital currency can be added or withdrawn to the account by specifying the exchange according to the user's needs, with a default rate of 1:1 for legal currency and digital currency.
The fuel supply enterprise calling function module and the enterprise and automobile production enterprise calling function module respectively comprise an account management module, a carbon credit accounting module and a carbon credit trading module, wherein the carbon credit accounting module of the fuel supply enterprise is used for obligating the fuel supply enterprise to report relevant data such as fuel emission factors, sales volumes and the like to the government at the end of a performance period according to a reporting system of a carbon trading mechanism. The system automatically calculates the emission factor carbon integral of the enterprise according to the data reported by the enterprise and issues the emission factor carbon integral to the account of the enterprise; the carbon point transaction module of the fuel supply enterprise is used for determining to sell or purchase the carbon points according to the positive and negative conditions of the emission factor carbon points by the fuel supply enterprise in the carbon point transaction period, determining the carbon point transaction price and quantity by enterprise negotiation according to transaction rules, and completing automatic delivery on a block chain; the account management module of the fuel supply enterprise is used for the fuel supply enterprise to access the account only by permission, check the balance of the digital currency and the carbon integral quantity of the emission factor owned by the fuel supply enterprise, and recharge or cash the digital currency into the account through a specified transaction mechanism according to the needs of a user, wherein the exchange rate of the default legal currency and the digital currency is 1: 1.
The carbon integral accounting module of the enterprise and automobile production enterprise: according to a reporting system of a carbon trading mechanism, at the end of a performance period, an automobile production enterprise is obligated to report relevant data such as automobile energy consumption intensity, sales volume and the like to a government. The system automatically calculates the energy consumption intensity carbon integral of the enterprise according to the data reported by the enterprise and issues the energy consumption intensity carbon integral to the account of the enterprise; the carbon integration transaction of the enterprise and automobile production enterprise is as follows: during the carbon point transaction period, the fuel supply enterprise decides to sell or purchase the carbon points according to the positive and negative conditions of the energy consumption intensity carbon points. According to the transaction rule, the carbon credit transaction price and the quantity are determined by enterprise negotiation, and automatic delivery is completed on the block chain; account management of the enterprise and vehicle production enterprise: the automobile production enterprise only has the authority to access the own account and checks the digital currency balance and the energy consumption intensity carbon integral quantity owned by the automobile production enterprise. Digital currency can be added or withdrawn to the account by specifying the exchange according to the user's needs, with a default rate of 1:1 for legal currency and digital currency.
Furthermore, the contract layer comprises an initialization contract module, an account book inquiry contract module, a quota transaction contract module, a fuel transaction contract module, a point accounting contract module and a point transaction contract module, and the business layer realizes the function of a business layer through the contract layer.
Further, the blockchain layer comprises a P2P network module, a consensus service module and a distributed ledger module, the consensus service module comprises three links of endorsement, sorting and verification, the P2P network module is used for ensuring communication and interaction among nodes in the Fabric, the consensus service module is used for keeping the nodes in the P2P network in the same state all the time, and the distributed ledger module is used for storing all data in the blockchain system.
Further, the environment layer comprises an internet environment module, a distributed storage environment module, an intelligent instrument environment module, an internet of things and 5G technical environment module and a cloud computing environment module.
Referring to fig. 3, the initialization contract module is used for the functional requirements of on-site identity management, initial carbon quota allocation and industry benchmark release, a call request is sent by a government through a government client before the beginning of a performance period, an intelligent contract is triggered to be automatically executed, various responsible parties need to apply for registration to the government and submit relevant certification materials, such as the type and the number of automobiles owned by automobile users under their names, fuel supply enterprises need to submit historical fuel supply volumes of the automobile users, and automobile production enterprises need to submit historical automobile sales of the automobile users. After receiving the registration application, the government verifies the conditional qualification of the applicant according to the provision of the road traffic carbon transaction mechanism covering industry, and starts an initialization contract: if the user meets the application conditions, generating an identity key (namely a public and private key pair and a block chain address) corresponding to the user type, sending the identity key to the user, and authorizing a transaction channel accessible by the user of the type; for an automobile user, according to the total carbon emission amount setting and the initial carbon quota distribution system, distributing the initial carbon quota with the corresponding amount to the corresponding account address; for fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises, setting rules according to industry standards, and issuing corresponding industry standards to the whole network; if the application condition is not met, the application is refused, and the account address is not distributed.
Referring to fig. 4, the ledger inquiry contract module is configured to implement functional requirements of performing examination and user account management, when a government needs to inquire account information through a government client and various users, a call request is sent through their respective clients to trigger an intelligent contract to be automatically executed, the intelligent contract needs to verify an identity key (i.e., an input parameter of a contract function) of a client user, and different operations are executed according to requests of different types of users: if the vehicle is a government administrator passing the verification, carbon balance of all automobile users and carbon balance of all fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises are returned to serve as the standard for judging whether the enterprises perform or not by the government; if the automobile user passes the verification, returning the carbon quota balance and the digital currency balance of the current automobile user; if the fuel supply enterprises and the automobile production enterprises pass the verification, returning the carbon integral balance and the digital currency balance of the current enterprises; if the identity authentication is not passed, returning a null value;
referring to fig. 5, the quota transaction contract module is configured to implement a function requirement that an optimal emission reduction cost is achieved through carbon quota transaction between vehicle users, and a call request is sent by a vehicle user through a client of the vehicle user in a carbon quota transaction period to trigger an intelligent contract to be automatically executed, and the vehicle user logs in a client account of the vehicle user by using an identity key and executes different operations according to different transaction stages: if the current time belongs to the set bidding stage (9: 15 to 9:25 of each trading day according to the specification above), the user declares the trading quantity Q and the unit price through the client and sends the trading quantity Q and the unit price to the set bidding trading pool, and the intelligent contract generates a reference price P0 according to the set bidding rule as a unified transaction price; if the current time belongs to the continuous bidding stage (according to the specification of 9:30 to 11:30 and 13:00 to 15:00 of the trading day), the user declares the trading quantity Q and the unit price P through the client and sends the trading quantity Q and the unit price P to the continuous bidding trading pool, and the intelligent contract automatically generates the optimal offered and purchased price Pb and the optimal offered and sold price Ps of the current trading pool. Then, calling an account book inquiry contract next step, returning the current carbon quota PC and the digital currency T of the user, and respectively executing corresponding operations by the seller and the buyer: if the seller is the seller, judging whether the current carbon quota PC is larger than or equal to the declared transaction quantity Q, and the declaration price is smaller than or equal to the reference price P0 or the optimal purchase price (Pb); if the buyer is the buyer, it is determined whether the current digital currency balance T is sufficient to purchase the carbon quota of its declared amount, and the declared price is greater than or equal to the base price P0 or the optimum purchase price (Ps). If the judgment result is yes, the carbon transaction is successfully executed, and the carbon balance and the digital currency balance of the buyer and the seller are updated; if the judgment result is 'no', the carbon transaction execution fails, the next round of bidding is continued, and at the moment, the user can select to adjust the declaration price and quantity or select to wait for a new declaration to be added into the transaction pool to finish the matching until the transaction period is finished;
referring to fig. 6, the fuel transaction contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of purchasing fuel and consuming carbon quota by an automobile user, when the automobile user supplies fuel at a website (gas station, etc.) of a fuel supply enterprise, a call request is sent by the client of the automobile user, an intelligent contract is triggered to be automatically executed, the automobile user logs in the client account of the automobile user by using an identity key, calls an account book inquiry contract, and returns the residual carbon quota PC and the digital currency T of the user. Then, the user inputs the amount of fuel to be purchased, and at the moment, the intelligent meter of the fuel supply enterprise automatically calculates the to-be-paid fee P and the carbon quota Q according to the rate and the fuel emission factor of the intelligent meter, and synchronously sends bills to a fuel transaction contract through the Internet of things. If the user digital currency is more than or equal to the cost P to be paid and the carbon quota balance PC is more than or equal to the carbon quota Q to be paid, the fuel purchase is successful, and the carbon quota and the digital currency balance are updated; otherwise, the fuel purchase fails, prompting the user to re-enter the fuel purchase amount or terminating the transaction.
Referring to fig. 7, the point accounting contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of accounting and automatically generating the actual carbon point of the fuel supply enterprise and the automobile production enterprise, the enterprise sends a call request through a client after the fulfillment period is finished, an intelligent contract is triggered to be automatically executed, the fuel supply enterprise or the automobile production enterprise logs in the client account by using an identity key, the fuel supply enterprise which passes the verification needs to report data such as fuel emission factors and sales volumes of the fuel supply enterprise faithfully, and the automobile production enterprise which passes the verification needs to report data such as energy consumption intensity and sales volumes of the automobile production enterprise faithfully. Then, the intelligent contract automatically calculates the actual carbon integral CC according to a carbon integral calculation method (see 2.4.2 for details). If the carbon point CC is more than or equal to 0, the system issues a corresponding amount of positive points to the enterprise account address at one time, otherwise, the system issues negative points.
Referring to fig. 8, the point transaction contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of carbon point transactions between fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises to achieve the optimal emission reduction cost of each transaction and the functional requirements of government to enforce fines for default enterprises, the enterprises send calling requests through clients in the carbon point transaction period and after the carbon point transaction period of the government is finished, the intelligent contracts are triggered to be automatically executed, the passing fuel supply enterprises or automobile production enterprises are verified in the carbon point transaction period, and the transaction point quantity Q and the unit price P0 are negotiated through an offline transaction matching platform. After the agreement is reached, the user needs to confirm through the block chain digital signature, and calls the account book inquiry contract to return the current carbon point CC and the digital currency T of the user. For the seller, if the carbon point balance CC is greater than or equal to the negotiated transaction point amount, the transaction is successful and the carbon point and digital currency balance are updated; for the buyer, if the digital currency balance T is greater than or equal to the product of the negotiated transaction credit amount and the negotiated price, the transaction is successful and the carbon credit and the digital currency balance are updated.
After the carbon point transaction is finished, verifying that a passing government administrator issues a carbon point penalty price Pf based on a carbon point market price, calling an account book query contract, returning the current carbon point of each enterprise, and automatically executing the penalty transaction for the default enterprises with the carbon points CC less than 0: the digital currency-CC x Pf is forcibly deducted from the default enterprise account as a fine and the negative credit is zeroed.
The number of devices and the scale of the processes described herein are intended to simplify the description of the invention, and applications, modifications and variations of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A block chain based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system, comprising:
the application layer is used for providing clients and corresponding service functions for different types of users in the road traffic carbon transaction system;
the service layer is used for providing customized calling interfaces for different clients so as to meet different service requirements;
a contract layer for managing and deploying intelligent contracts for road traffic carbon transactions;
a block chain layer for providing block chain related services;
an environment layer for sensing, monitoring, transmitting and processing of the downlink data;
the application layer comprises a plurality of different types of users, and each user respectively carries out the operation corresponding to the service;
the contract layer realizes the function of a service layer through a Fabric chain code;
when the block chain layer receives a transaction request of the application layer, calling an intelligent contract through a gPC interface, automatically executing the transaction if preset conditions are met, packaging the transaction into a data block, and writing the data block into a distributed account book after consensus;
the environmental layer ensures infrastructure and resource devices for the operation of the block chain based road traffic carbon transaction system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the application layer comprises government clients, automobile user clients, fuel supply enterprise clients, automobile manufacturing enterprise clients and corresponding business functions.
3. The block chain based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to claim 2, wherein said government client logs in to the government client through a key distributed by a government administrator of the system super administrator, and other clients log in to the corresponding clients through keys registered and authorized in government related departments, thereby performing operations of respective business levels.
4. The block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to claim 1, wherein the business layer comprises a government calling function module, an automobile user calling function module, a fuel supply enterprise calling function module and an enterprise automobile manufacturing enterprise calling function module, the government calling function module is used for calling and using a government client, the automobile user calling function module is used for calling and using an automobile user client, the fuel supply enterprise calling function module is used for calling and using a fuel supply enterprise client, and the enterprise automobile manufacturing enterprise calling function module is used for calling and using an automobile manufacturing enterprise client.
5. The block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to claim 4, wherein said government invoked function modules include an identity management module, a carbon quota allocation module, an industry benchmark release module, a performance assessment and default fines module;
the automobile user calling function module comprises a carbon quota transaction module, a fuel purchasing module and an account management module;
the fuel supply enterprise calling function module and the enterprise and automobile production enterprise calling function module respectively comprise an account management module, a carbon point accounting module and a carbon point transaction module.
6. The block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to claim 1, wherein the contract layer includes an initialization contract module, an ledger inquiry contract module, a quota transaction contract module, a fuel transaction contract module, a point accounting contract module, and a point transaction contract module, and the business layer implements the functions of the business layer through the contract layer.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blockchain layer includes a P2P network module, a consensus service module and a distributed ledger module, the consensus service module includes three links of endorsement, sorting and verification, the P2P network module is responsible for ensuring communication and interaction between nodes in the Fabric, the consensus service module is responsible for keeping nodes in the same state all the time in the P2P network, and the distributed ledger module is responsible for storing all data in the blockchain system.
8. The block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to claim 1, wherein said environment layer comprises an internet environment module, a distributed storage environment module, a smart meter environment module, an internet of things and 5G technology environment module, and a cloud computing environment module.
9. The block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to claim 6, wherein the initialization contract module is used for on-site identity management, initial carbon quota allocation and functional requirements of industry benchmark release, and a call request is sent by a government through a government client before a performance period begins, so that an intelligent contract is triggered to be automatically executed;
the account book inquiry contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of performing examination and user account management, and respectively sends out a calling request through respective client sides when a government needs to inquire account information through government client sides and various users so as to trigger the automatic execution of intelligent contracts;
the quota transaction contract module is used for achieving the function requirement that the emission reduction cost is optimal through carbon quota transaction between automobile users, and the automobile users send out calling requests through clients in the carbon quota transaction period to trigger the intelligent contract to automatically execute.
10. The block chain-based decentralized road traffic carbon transaction system according to claim 6, wherein the fuel transaction contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of the vehicle user for purchasing fuel and consuming carbon quota, and when the vehicle user refuels at a website (gas station, etc.) of a fuel supply enterprise, the vehicle user sends a call request through a client thereof to trigger the intelligent contract to automatically execute;
the integration accounting contract module is used for realizing the functional requirements of accounting and automatically generating the actual carbon integration of fuel supply enterprises and automobile production enterprises, and the enterprises send out a calling request through the client after the performance period is finished to trigger the intelligent contract to automatically execute;
the point transaction contract module is used for achieving the functional requirements that the carbon point transaction is conducted between a fuel supply enterprise and an automobile production enterprise so that the emission reduction cost of each point transaction is optimal and the functional requirements that a government enforces a compulsory fine for a default enterprise, and the point transaction contract module sends a calling request through a client to trigger the intelligent contract to be automatically executed in the carbon point transaction period of the enterprise and after the carbon point transaction period of the government is finished.
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