CN114118734A - A demand response management system for virtual power plants based on blockchain technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a virtual power plant demand response management system based on a block chain technology, which is characterized in that a service supervision main chain, a virtual power plant data side chain, a virtual power plant response side chain and a multi-element expansion service application slave chain are adopted in the overall architecture of the virtual power plant demand response management system, and a platform supervision party, a platform operation and maintenance party, a load aggregation business and a load response party deploy corresponding supervision nodes, operation and maintenance nodes, aggregation nodes and user nodes on the service supervision main chain, the virtual power plant data side chain, the virtual power plant response side chain and the multi-element expansion service application slave chain. The invention builds a demand response public service platform, and different functional departments and participants deploy functional nodes on corresponding chains. The virtual power plant network management method and system can realize effective management of the virtual power plant network, so that the problems of low communication efficiency, high cost and the like of the virtual power plant in the prior art are solved, the convenience of the construction of a load response task system is improved, and the operation efficiency of the power market is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a demand response management system of a virtual power plant, and belongs to the technical field of power distributed control.
Background
Virtual power plants utilize advanced internet of things technology to distribute flexible power resources, such as: distributed power generation, energy storage, electric vehicles, controllable loads and the like are integrated into a whole which can be uniformly scheduled, and the functions equivalent to those of the traditional power plant are exerted. Thereby deriving the concept of customer service centers, aggregators and respondents. An aggregator is an independent organization that aggregates and provides schedulable flexible power resources to market buyers, and is a coordination mechanism between power end users who can provide demand response resources and market buyers who want to purchase these demand response resources so that they can participate in the power market more efficiently. For example, the aggregator may be: municipalities or other government entities, energy service providers, dispatch coordinators, distribution companies, other entities representing a single or many loads. The aggregator includes a plurality of respondents, and the respondents correspond to units of off-line physical electric meters.
The virtual power plant business process relates to the instruction issuing of a power grid and a source side, the building side platform building and maintenance, the instruction measurement, calculation and distribution of a aggregator and the flexible response of a load side. The functions of the participants of the whole system are clearly divided, and the authority management of data and instructions needs to be safely isolated.
The block chain is a distributed database system, and the characteristics of decentralization and non-tampering are realized through a consensus mechanism. The block chain is divided into a public chain, a federation chain and a private chain according to different access restrictions of the nodes, and in an actual application scenario, the number of federation chains accessed by limited nodes is large. Multiple signatures are a common digital signature technology in the field of block chains, and the security of a file is improved and the risk is reduced by a mechanism that multiple users sign and confirm the same file. With the development of blockchain research, blockchains are exploring real applications in the fields of communication, finance, logistics, energy, and the like. In the aspect of entity industry, a block chain optimizes trust problems, automation problems and the like encountered in the traditional industry upgrading process, greatly enhances the sharing, reconstruction and other modes to assist the traditional industry upgrading, reconstructs trust relationships and improves the industry efficiency. Blockchain techniques highlight their value in multi-party collaboration and management.
At home, the virtual power plant is still in a starting stage at present, and factors limiting the development of the virtual power plant are more, so that schedulable flexible power resources lack effective means for allocation. At present, the continuous change of schedulable resources of a virtual power plant is realized mainly by communication and technical analysis of potential users one by a technician, and the problems of low efficiency, high cost and incapability of dynamic control exist.
In addition, after the traditional demand response is settled, the response reward compensation is directly carried out in the user electric bill to deduct the electric bill. For the user, although the electricity cost compensation is achieved at the end of the year, the direct reward obtaining experience after participation is weakened because the corresponding reward is not obtained directly. The settlement time and labor cost required by the existing demand response rewards are large, a plurality of systems are connected in a butt joint mode, and the final issuing period is one year. The timeliness of reward distribution influences the participation enthusiasm after the future response quantity is increased to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: a virtual power plant management system based on a blockchain is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a virtual power plant demand response management system based on a block chain technology, a platform supervisor, a platform operation and maintenance party, a load aggregator and a load response party realize the management of the virtual power plant demand response through the virtual power plant demand response management system, wherein the platform supervisor comprises an internal department of a power company and a customer service center, has the highest authority in the aspect of data authority, can check the load data of all response resources, and can approve and manage service instructions; the platform operation and maintenance party is a construction and maintenance party of the virtual power plant demand response management system, and the data authority of the platform operation and maintenance party is response business deposit certificate information, participant resource information, instruction response condition and settlement bill information; the load aggregator can directly acquire instruction information issued by the demand response center so as to automatically choose how to participate, and the data authority of the load aggregator can acquire the response instruction of the power grid demand response center, but only can check the electricity consumption data and the response result bill of the load aggregator or the aggregated load responder user; the load responder is a main user for executing the demand response, and comprises a general user load responder and a large user load responder, wherein the large user load responder is used as a load aggregator, the general user load responder receives a response instruction distributed by the load aggregator, performs response operation in a specified time, and finally obtains response compensation or response penalty, the large user load responder and the load aggregator have the same data authority, and the general user load responder can only check instruction data and a result bill Deploying corresponding supervision nodes, operation and maintenance nodes, aggregation nodes and user nodes from the chain by using a virtual power plant response side chain and multi-element expansion business application, wherein the supervision nodes are maintained by a platform supervisor and perform the role of supervision, and the platform supervisor manages the whole virtual power plant demand response management system with the highest authority through the supervision nodes; the operation and maintenance node executes the role of platform maintenance, and the platform operation and maintenance party monitors and maintains the whole virtual power plant demand response management system and the service flow through the operation and maintenance node; the aggregation node is a node maintained by a load aggregator, and the load aggregator participates in the demand response service through the aggregation node in the role of matching execution of the response instruction and response scheduling; the user node is a node maintained by the load responder, executes the role of responding to the demand, and the load responder participates in the demand response service through the user node, and then:
the service function borne by the nodes on the service supervision main chain is the setting and the verification of the authority; the service functions borne by the nodes on the data side chain of the virtual power plant are data storage processing and data addition, deletion, modification and check; the service function borne by the nodes on the response side chain of the virtual power plant is to process the response to initiate release and receive reply; supervision nodes on different chains are in cross-chain butt joint, operation and maintenance nodes on different chains are in cross-chain butt joint, aggregation nodes on different chains are in cross-chain butt joint, and user nodes on different chains are in cross-chain butt joint;
the business supervision main chain is a virtual power plant business application main chain and is used for storing the evidence business and supervising the virtual power plant data side chain, the virtual power plant response side chain and the multi-element expansion business application auxiliary chain, and supervision nodes are deployed on the business supervision main chain for carrying out highest authority supervision; in a service supervision main chain, a customer service center serving as one of supervision nodes has a full-chain function and a relay function, and other supervision nodes have the full-chain function, wherein the relay function refers to that the nodes and other chains play a data flow and information flow butt joint communication function in a data and instruction interaction process and are bridges among different chains;
the virtual power plant data side chain is used for realizing data sharing and data value-added service, wherein the data sharing refers to sharing of charge data of daily response resources for different nodes participating in business;
the virtual power plant response side chain is suitable for executing the service requirement of the requirement response task;
in the virtual power plant data side chain and the virtual power plant response side chain, the full-chain function is borne by the supervision node, the operation and maintenance node and the aggregation node, and the customer service center is used as the supervision node and the aggregation node and also bears the relay function. The load aggregator is used as an intermediate business support of the demand response service, and bears service organization and data relay functions, and the access function is provided by a user node to which the load responder belongs; the large-user load responder can select to establish an access function of an own node, synchronize block data and execute the transaction of a demand response service, and the own node has the same function as an aggregation node and is equivalent to an aggregator which aggregates a large number of response resources; the load response party can also directly use the existing interface service, and at the moment, the load response party is used as a response resource to participate in response service activities arranged by a load aggregator and added demand response services;
the multi-element expansion business application slave chain comprises an aggregator application slave chain and an external block chain accessed through an access port, wherein the aggregator application slave chain is a business chain which is an aggregator aggregation response party and conveys a demand response, in the aggregator application slave chain, a full chain function and a relay function are borne by an aggregation node of a load aggregator, and a user node of the load response party executes an access function; for a large user load response party which does not directly participate in response through a load aggregator, directly participate in response through a virtual power plant response side chain; and for the load response party participating in the service by the load aggregator agent, participating in the secondary chain through the multi-element expansion service application.
Preferably, the internal department of the power company, as a supervisor of demand response business, participates in the demand response management system of the virtual power plant, participates in issuing peak clipping and valley filling scheduling demands, checks demand response results, and finally exercises a discharge approval right; and the customer service center issues a peak clipping and valley filling scheduling demand in the virtual power plant demand response management system, confirms the execution demand response instruction, checks the demand response result, checks response resource data such as a baseline, a solid line and capacity, and finally executes settlement and expenditure.
Preferably, the functions of the platform operation and maintenance party in the virtual power plant demand response management system include maintenance and archive management of lists of aggregators and response resources, account maintenance for the aggregators to be admitted and withdrawn, establishment and point distribution of a point incentive system of a load response participant, and data stream maintenance of demand response services.
Preferably, the XCMP protocol is adopted by the cross-chain of the business supervision main chain, the virtual power plant data side chain, the virtual power plant response side chain and the multi-element expansion business application secondary chain.
Preferably, the technical bottom layer architecture of the overall architecture of the virtual power plant demand response management system includes a base layer, a service layer and an interaction layer, wherein:
the base layer is composed of a high-performance block chain framework, a cross-chain message transmission protocol XCMP and a container deployment Docker, wherein:
the high-performance block chain frame is a bottom layer frame which can flexibly adapt to a demand response service supervision main chain, a virtual power plant data side chain and a virtual power plant response side chain scene;
the cross-chain message transmission protocol XCMP is a cross-chain message transmission protocol oriented to a infrastructure framework, and enables messages to be transmitted among a service supervision main chain, a virtual power plant data side chain, a virtual power plant response side chain and a multi-element expansion service application slave chain under the condition that no other trust assumptions except for shared security exist;
the container deployment Docker is an application container engine, and configures a response service supervision main chain, a virtual power plant data side chain, a program of the virtual power plant response side chain and a dependency package into a portable mirror image, and then releases the mirror image to any popular server to realize virtualization;
the service layer comprises various functional modules;
the interaction layer is used for assisting a developer, an operator and a user to interact with the block chain, realizing the visualization of operation on the block chain, state and data on the chain and the interface integration and calling of the block chain system.
Preferably, the business layer includes, in addition to the pre-modeling block built in the substtrate 3.0 framework, further includes:
an account identity module to implement: registering and managing multi-level users; the load aggregator, the signing response user register application and audit; the load aggregator and the contract response user access and unbind;
an account credit point module to implement:
issuing of the points: the load response power community point is issued when the response side chain of the virtual power plant is started, the load response power community point is not communicated and used for the load aggregator and the response user to consume and reward the uplink chain, the user is encouraged to participate in a demand response task, and the response capability is improved.
And (3) integral acquisition: releasing the initialization integral after the load aggregator and the response user pass the registration; constructing a user credit-integral model, periodically evaluating credit according to the load aggregation quotient and response historical behaviors of the response user, and releasing new integral; for some users with insufficient points, applying for points to a manager of the demand response management system;
integral consumption: when a user acts on a chain, deducting a certain amount of load response power community points as transaction cost; according to a user credit-integral model, during periodic evaluation, deducting load response power community integral for users who do not complete response tasks as a punishment mechanism;
integral gain: publishing users with load response power community integral ranking in real time, and periodically carrying out propaganda and rewarding in the platform; periodically taking offline point exchange activities to encourage users to participate;
and (3) integral penalty: for users with the load response power community integral smaller than a specified threshold value, warning and account recovery are carried out;
a demand response task module for implementing: a manager of the demand response management system initiates a new demand response task and performs demand invitation on the load aggregators; the load aggregator confirms the new demand response task; the load aggregator reports the feedback information to a manager of the demand response management system; the manager of the demand response management system and the load aggregator achieve task cooperation; for responding tasks that are in process and not started, a manager of the demand response management system can cancel the demand response task; for the completed demand response task, a manager of the demand response management system carries out settlement and writes a settlement result into a block chain; the settlement result is unconventional, and the update result can be written into the block chain through the confirmation of the manager of the demand response management system and the load aggregator;
a prophetic module for implementing: registration of electric meter equipment and binding of a user address; uploading counting data of the electric meter equipment; uploading metering type data of the electric meter equipment;
a transaction management module to implement: setting transaction weight for external transaction of the block chain network, and making consumption of transaction handling fee;
a node management module for implementing: the new node applies for becoming a new node of the network; a manager of the demand response management system checks the node application; a manager of the demand response management system removes the malicious nodes;
a data query module for implementing: customized data queries are provided according to the business scenario.
The online upgrade maintenance module is used for realizing that: based on the characteristic of bifurcation-free automatic upgrading of Substrate, when a chain is upgraded, codes of the chain of a new version are compiled into running codes and sent to the chain in a transaction form, and the upgrading of the version is automatically completed, so that the online upgrading maintenance can be stably and conveniently completed;
a failover module to implement: and exporting the data of the blockchain network by one key, importing historical data in a new environment, and restarting the blockchain network.
The invention provides an overall architecture of a virtual power plant demand response management system based on a block chain technology, which is built into a demand response public service platform from a chain by adopting a business supervision main chain, two business application side chains and a plurality of business expansion applications, and different functional departments and participants deploy functional nodes on corresponding chains. The virtual power plant network management method and system can realize effective management of the virtual power plant network, so that the problems of low communication efficiency, high cost and the like of the virtual power plant in the prior art are solved, the convenience of the construction of a load response task system is improved, and the operation efficiency of the power market is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall architecture of a virtual power plant demand response management system based on a block chain technique;
FIG. 2 is a business administration backbone node architecture;
FIG. 3 is a virtual plant data sidechain architecture;
FIG. 4 is a virtual plant response sidechain architecture;
FIG. 5 is a multiple expansion business application slave chain architecture;
FIG. 6 is a system architecture of a virtual power plant platform network;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a Substrate bifurcation-free upgrade;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a bidding phase;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the event accounting phase.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The virtual power plant business process relates to the instruction issuing of a power grid and a source side, the building side platform building and maintenance, the instruction measurement, calculation and distribution of a aggregator and the flexible response of a load side. The participation function of the whole virtual power plant system is clearly divided into work, and the authority management of data and instructions needs to be safely isolated. In order to build safe and efficient virtual power plant platform service demonstration application, the whole platform framework of the invention adopts a block chain technology to build a demand response public service platform. The platform disclosed by the invention adopts a block chain technology framework focusing on service implementation, gives consideration to the stability, maturity, expansibility and influence of the block chain technology, meets the requirements of different service nodes on moderate visibility of data, and protects the privacy and safety of the data.
The platform supervisor, the platform operation and maintenance party, the load aggregator and the load response party realize the management of the virtual power plant demand response through the virtual power plant demand response management system based on the block chain technology, wherein:
the platform supervision methods are divided into two categories: the system comprises an internal department of the power company, a central management system and a central management system, wherein the internal department of the power company is used as a supervisor of a demand response service to participate in issuing peak load shifting scheduling demands, checking demand response results and finally exercising a charge approval right; and the customer service center issues the peak clipping and valley filling scheduling requirements, confirms the execution of the demand response instruction, checks the demand response result, checks the response resource data such as the baseline, the solid line and the capacity, and finally executes settlement and expenditure. The platform supervisor has the highest authority in the aspect of data authority, can check the load data of all response resources, and can approve and manage the service instruction.
The platform operation and maintenance party is a platform construction and maintenance party and manages inside the platform, including maintenance and file management of lists of aggregators and response resources, account maintenance for admittance and withdrawal of the aggregators, establishment and point distribution of a point incentive system of the load response participants and data stream maintenance of the demand response service. The data authority of the platform operation and maintenance party is response business deposit certificate information, participant resource information, instruction response condition and settlement bill information.
The load aggregators are divided into two cases: the first type is load aggregator identity, and mass response party users (large and small) flexible load resources are aggregated to participate in demand response; the second category is large industrial and commercial responder users, who themselves are large in flexible space and wish to participate directly in scheduling. Two kinds of load aggregation businessmen can directly acquire instruction information issued by the demand response center, so that the participation can be selected by themselves. Both load aggregators need to upload daily baseline and electricity usage data to the platform. The data authority of the load aggregator is to obtain the response instruction of the power grid demand response center, but only view the electricity consumption data and the response result bill of the load aggregator or the aggregated responder user.
The load response party is a main user for demand response execution, receives a response instruction distributed by a load aggregator, performs response operation at a specified time, and finally obtains response compensation or response penalty. The data authority of the load response party is low, and only the instruction data and the result bill of the load response party can be checked.
As shown in fig. 1, the overall architecture of the virtual power plant demand response management system based on the block chain technology disclosed by the invention adopts a service supervision main chain, two service application side chains and a multi-element expansion service application secondary chain. The platform supervision party, the platform operation and maintenance party, the load aggregator and the load response party are arranged on the service supervision main chain, the service application side chain and the service application slave chain to deploy corresponding supervision nodes, operation and maintenance nodes, aggregation nodes and user nodes.
In the invention, the definitions of the supervision node, the operation and maintenance node, the aggregation node and the user node are respectively as follows:
and (4) a supervision node: the node is maintained by a platform supervisor, and plays a role in supervision in a block chain network, and the platform supervisor manages the highest authority of the whole network through the supervision node;
operation and maintenance nodes: the method comprises the following steps that a role of platform maintenance is executed in a block chain network, and a platform operation and maintenance party monitors and maintains the whole network and service flow through an operation and maintenance node;
aggregation nodes: the node maintained by the load aggregator executes the matched roles of response instructions and response scheduling in the block chain network, and the load aggregator participates in the demand response service through the aggregation node;
a user node: nodes maintained by load responders, such as large-scale factories, building management centers, and the like, perform the role of responding to demands in a blockchain network, and the load responders participate in demand response services through user nodes.
As shown in fig. 1, a supervision node is deployed in a service supervision main chain, supervision nodes, operation and maintenance nodes, aggregation nodes, and user nodes are deployed in two service application side chains, and aggregation nodes are deployed in a multi-extension service application slave chain. The nodes on different chains bear business functions on corresponding chains, the business functions mainly borne by the nodes on the business supervision main chain are setting and auditing of authority, the business functions mainly borne by the nodes on the virtual power plant data side chain are processing data storage and adding, deleting, modifying and checking of data, and the business functions mainly borne by the nodes on the virtual power plant response side chain are processing response initiating release and receiving reply. Supervision nodes on different chains are in cross-chain butt joint, and similarly, operation and maintenance nodes, aggregation nodes and user nodes on different chains are in cross-chain butt joint correspondingly.
The cross-links among the business supervision main chain, the virtual power plant data side chain, the virtual power plant response side chain and the multi-element expansion business application slave chain adopt an XCMP protocol, and the cross-links among the business supervision main chain, the virtual power plant data side chain, the virtual power plant response side chain and the multi-element expansion business application slave chain and the external block chain adopt other transmission protocols related to the cross-links, such as a national network link BitXHub transmission protocol.
From the network function perspective, the corresponding node function types in the present invention can be divided into a full-link function, a relay function, and an access function:
1) full chain function: and the system is responsible for functions of state initialization, state updating calculation, node synchronization, data verification, authority control and the like of the chain. The full-chain function will be deployed on the power company internal network and the trusted network, ensuring the isolation of the relevant data from the external network. In the multi-extension business application slave chain, an aggregator has the full chain function of the chain, executes out blocks on the slave chain, and receives and writes data.
2) A relay function: and the relay layer positioned on the main chain is mainly responsible for providing all the latest data of the nodes and accessing the sub-chain and the external data. The relay function deploys the mirror image of the node on the external network, but the node itself has no authority to modify the main chain state, and can only update and authenticate the block chain latest state from a plurality of alliance whole nodes by means of p2p communication. Meanwhile, the relay function also bears the task of cross-link butt joint of the sub-chain data, the sub-chain periodically writes the sub-chain data abstract into the relay function of the main chain, and the feedback of the main chain is used as a final confirmation basis.
3) An access function: and the access layer is positioned on the main chain and is used for interfacing the user account and the user equipment on the demand side. The layer uploads data (user operation data and users) through the prediction machine module, and uploads the data under the link to the block link network after credible authentication. The external ordinary users will also use the services of the blockchain through the access function through the corresponding user operation interfaces (such as the forms of APP and Web end).
Based on the above functional division, there are:
the business supervision main chain is a virtual power plant business application main chain, is mainly used for the evidence storage business and the supervision of a virtual power plant data side chain, a virtual power plant response side chain and a multi-element expansion business application auxiliary chain, and deploys supervision nodes on the business supervision main chain for the highest authority supervision. In the main chain of service supervision, the customer service center as one of the supervision nodes has a full-chain function and a relay function, and the other supervision nodes have the full-chain function. The relay function refers to that the node and other chains play a data flow and information flow butt-joint communication function in the data and instruction interaction process, and is a bridge between different chains.
As shown in FIG. 3, the virtual plant data side chain mainly realizes data sharing and data value-added service. Data sharing refers to the sharing of charge data (power, responsiveness, etc.) of everyday response resources for different nodes participating in a business. As shown in FIG. 4, the virtual plant response sidechain is primarily adapted for the execution of business demands of demand response tasks.
In the data side chain of the virtual power plant and the response side chain of the virtual power plant, the full-chain function is mainly borne by a supervision node, an operation and maintenance node and an aggregation node, and the customer service center is used as the supervision node and the aggregation node and also bears the relay function. The load aggregator serves as an intermediate quotient for the demand response service, and plays roles in service organization and data relay. The access function is provided by the user node to which the load responder belongs. In actual operation, the load response party can select to establish an access function of an own node, synchronize block data, and execute a demand response service transaction. The self-node of the load responder is similar to the aggregation node in function, and is equivalent to an aggregator which aggregates a large amount of response resources. The load responder can also directly use the existing interface service, that is, the load responder can still participate in the response service activity arranged by the load aggregator as a response resource, and join the demand response service.
The multivariate expansion business application slave chain: business applications are divided into a variety from chain to chain, with the aggregator application slave chain being the business chain that the aggregator aggregates responders and conveys the demand response. Other virtual power plants are opened to the outside in the later period, access ports of national network chains are opened to the ecological system, and therefore cooperation partners such as government affair chains and financial chains enter the system of the virtual power plants and can also be accessed to the national power grid. For isomorphic chains developed based on substrate, an XCMP cross-chain transmission protocol of a wave card can be adopted, and for heterogeneous chains of other bottom layers, a chain-of-interest technology cross-chain technology platform BitXHub can be adopted for cross-chain message transmission.
As shown in fig. 5, in the multiple extended service application slave chain, the full-chain function and the relay function are mainly assumed by the aggregation node of the load aggregator, and the user node of the load responder performs the access function. It should be noted that for load responders that do not participate directly in the response through the load aggregator, the response is directly participated in through the virtual plant response sidechain. And for the load response party participating in the service by the load aggregator agent, participating in the secondary chain through the multi-element expansion service application.
And the business supervision main chain and the business application side chain adopt a Substrate open source framework as a bottom layer to carry out the customized development of the virtual power plant business. The basic characteristics of the substrate are inherited, the performance requirements under the alliance link environment and the service requirements of the virtual power plant are improved, and the core performance is as follows:
(1) the system is an alliance chain mechanism, which is managed and participated in by multiple parties and has a perfect alliance identity management authentication mechanism;
(2) the block chaining-out time is 6 seconds, and the transaction confirmation time is not higher than 6 seconds;
(3) the block chain TPS is 2000 +;
(4) chain execution of core business functions to meet demand response tasks;
(5) the transaction authority management is met, and the influence of the transaction sent by the user on the system is reduced through the consumption of system points;
(6) the requirement that external data (electric meter data and the like) are passively written into the block chain network is met, and the block chain network can be efficiently written into the external data through a prediction machine;
(7) the node authorization mechanism is satisfied;
(8) the failover capability is met;
(9) the requirement of updating the non-branching and non-halt upgrading is met.
The virtual power plant platform is a alliance chain system (which is operated by a plurality of credible organizations to jointly support the system), and is a core operation layer of the virtual power plant. The system mainly has the functions of issuing decision information, verifying and butting data, synchronizing and identifying data among credible nodes, linking out blocks and finally confirming blocks, communicating and synchronizing sub-chain systems, inquiring and synchronizing final calculation results and the like. The participation of a plurality of trusted authorities improves the credibility and traceability of data, reduces the verification/accounting/auditing cost of multi-party demand response service interaction, and promotes the realization of low-cost/large-scale demand response service. In the present invention, the block chain technology architecture of the virtual power plant platform is shown in fig. 6, and includes a base layer, a service layer, and an interaction layer.
The basic layer is composed of a high-performance block chain framework substrate, a cross-chain message transmission protocol XCMP and a container deployment Docker, wherein:
the infrastructure framework is a bottom-layer framework which can flexibly adapt to a scene of a demand response service supervision main chain, a virtual power plant data side chain and a virtual power plant response side chain. The method can support a layered consensus algorithm and improve the adaptive capacity of the block chain system in different scenes. And the system can be updated in a hot mode under the condition of non-stop, and the reliability of the block chain system is improved. The core technical advantages of Substrate are summarized as follows:
1) the measured TPS2000+ has high performance and supports various complex service scenes.
2) Modular development of building blocks, development friendliness and strong expansibility.
3) The bottom layer of the framework is completely open, supports various customized developments and is independently controllable.
4) Supporting no-branch automatic upgrade and having high safety.
The cross-link message transfer protocol XCMP is a cross-link message transfer protocol facing the infrastructure framework. Messages are enabled to be transmitted among a business supervision main chain, a virtual power plant data side chain, a virtual power plant response side chain and a multi-extension business application slave chain under the condition that no other trust assumption exists except for shared safety.
The container deployment Docker is an application container engine, and can configure chained programs and dependent packages into a portable image, and then release the portable image to any popular server to realize virtualization.
Besides adopting a built-in pre-modeling block of a substtrate 3.0 framework, the business layer also comprises the following modules:
1) the account identity module has the following functions:
registration and management of multi-level users, such as a platform manager (demand response management system), a subscriber (load aggregator), a subscriber and a response user;
-registration applications and audits of subscribers (load aggregators), subscribers responding to the registration applications;
subscriber (load aggregator) access, unbind responding user.
2) The account credit point module has the following functions:
-issue of credits: when the response side chain is started, the load response power community integral is issued, the initial total amount is 1000 ten thousand, and the symbol: DLF is a power community point, has no circulation, and is mainly used for signing users (load aggregators) and responding to consumption and reward of the uplink of the users, so that the users are encouraged to participate in demand response tasks, and the standby response capability of Shanghai markets is improved.
-integral acquisition:
-subscriber (load aggregator), release initialization credit in response to user registration pass;
building a user credit-score model, periodically evaluating credit according to response historical behaviors of a signed user (load aggregator) and a response user, and releasing new scores;
for some users with insufficient points, the platform manager (demand response management system) can be applied for points;
-integrated consumption:
-when the user acts on the chain, a certain amount of points is deducted as the transaction cost;
-deducting points as a penalty mechanism for users not completing the response task, when periodically assessed according to a user credit-points model;
-integral gain:
the system will publish in real time the top 10 users of the points top, with periodic promotions and rewards inside the platform;
the platform will periodically take offline credit redemption activity, encouraging user participation;
-an integration penalty:
for users with points less than a specified threshold, the system will alert and account reclaim.
3) The demand response task module has the following functions:
the platform manager (demand response management system) initiates a new demand response task, making a demand offer to the subscriber (load aggregator);
-the subscriber (load aggregator) validating the new demand response task;
the subscribers (load aggregators) report feedback information (response capabilities, baseline information, load forecast data, etc.) to the platform manager (demand response management system);
-the platform administrator (demand response management system) and the subscriber (load aggregator) reach a task cooperation;
for responding tasks that are in progress and not started, the platform manager (demand response management system) may cancel the demand response task;
for completed demand response tasks, the platform administrator (demand response management system) settles and writes the settlement results into the blockchain;
the update results can be written to the blockchain via confirmation by the platform administrator (demand response management system) and the subscriber (load aggregator), which is incongruous about the settlement results.
4) Prediction machine module
-registration of the electric meter device, and binding using the user address;
-a count-type data (power data, etc.) upload of the electric meter device;
uploading metering-type data (electricity consumption data) of the electric meter device.
5) Transaction management module
For the external transaction of the blockchain network, transaction weight needs to be set, and consumption of transaction handling fee (system points) is established.
6) Node management module
-the new node applying for becoming a new node of the network;
the platform manager (demand response management system) audits the node application;
the platform manager (demand response management system) culls the malicious nodes.
7) Data query module
And providing customized data query for the service which needs to be adapted to the query of the functional module according to the service scene.
8) On-line upgrade maintenance module
As shown in fig. 7, before the node goes out of the block, it needs to check whether the runtime code on the chain and the runtime code version in the local are consistent, if there is the latest runtime code on the chain, the code on the chain will be executed, and if there is no latest code, the runtime code in the local will be executed. This solves the bifurcation problem by having the nodes of the entire network agree on the runtime code to be upgraded before executing it.
Based on the characteristic of the Substrate of the non-bifurcation automatic upgrade, the invention needs to compile the code of the chain of the new edition into the code of the operation at the later stage when the chain is upgraded, and sends the code to the chain in a transaction form to automatically complete the upgrade of the edition, thereby being capable of stably and conveniently completing the online upgrade maintenance.
9) Failover module
For the extreme case, one-key export of the block chain network data is supported, historical data is imported in a new environment, and the block chain network is restarted.
The interaction layer comprises a blockchain browser, an SDK and an interactive management system. The interaction layer mainly assists developers, operators and users to interact with the block chain, and realizes operation on the block chain, visualization of state and data on the chain and interface integration and calling of a block chain system.
The virtual power plant demand response management system based on the block chain technology provided by the invention has the following functions:
(1) block chain access evidence
The main working process comprises user registration authentication, Hash desensitization of evidence-storing original data, multi-node witness consensus, user data evidence-storing link entry, data evidence obtaining and the like. The security, the availability and the expandability of the evidence storing content are comprehensively considered.
The evidence of the blockchain system is mainly to access external data into the blockchain network, and comprises two modes of blockchain interface active transmission and prediction machine passive transmission. And for the data generated by the active behavior of the user, the data is transmitted into the blockchain network in a transaction form through a blockchain network interface, and for the data of the electric meter under the user line, the data is passively written into the blockchain network in a form of a prediction machine.
| Data write blockchain network mode | (Mode) | Data type |
| Active write | Interface invocation/signature transaction | User registration/user data storage/multi-party demand response event flow and the like |
| Passive writing | Prediction machine | Electric meter data |
(2) User authentication, including
a) User registration
The registration comprises the registration of several types of different participants, such as a demand response supervisor, a signed load aggregation user, a signed responder large user, a responder general user and the like, after the registration of different types of participants, a portal system is provided for the participants, the portal system can be hosted on a cloud service, can also be installed in a local application, and simultaneously provides a mode for the participants to enter a block chain network.
b) Auditing user data
And (4) carrying out verification on the signed user, and sending an initial system credit to the user passing the verification, wherein the credit is used for participating in the transaction of the block chain network.
c) User credit assessment
And based on the data uploaded by the user and the response history record, the credit of the user is integrally evaluated, wherein the evaluation can be carried out at a local portal of the user (data privacy protection) or on a chain, and the result of the credit evaluation is written into the block chain to be used as the mark of the credit of the user. The credit of the enterprise can be periodically evaluated based on actual conditions so as to obtain the most real-time credit information of the enterprise.
d) Issuing points
The customer service center can issue some points to the user according to the actual response condition and the cooperation condition of the user to reflect the credit condition of the side of the user, the points obtained by the user are written in a chain and used as a certificate for the accumulation of the cooperation credit of the user, the better the user finishes the demand response task, the better the user harmonizes with other signed users (aggregators), and the higher the accumulated credit is, a positive feedback incentive mechanism is formed.
c) Consumption integration
When a user needs to engage in a demand response task or other and linked interaction, a transaction is initiated and the corresponding credit is paid.
(3) Demand response
The demand response mainly comprises three core phases of a bidding stage, an event implementation bidding stage and an event accounting stage, wherein:
the bidding stage is a process of the market-level platform issuing demand response demand and bidding, and as shown in fig. 8, mainly includes:
a) the virtual power plant platform of the power company issues a response demand on a demand response side chain, and the city-level platform issues a scheduling instruction according to the demand response requirement of the power scheduling center for a future time period, wherein the instruction comprises information such as response type (load shifting by peak clipping or), response time, response duration, response quantity, compensation price and the like;
b) the aggregator acquires demand response information from the demand response side chain;
c) the aggregator issues demand response information from the chain at the aggregator;
d) the aggregator collects the user's response capability information from the chain at the aggregator;
e) the aggregators bid on the demand response side chain;
f) the market platform issues bid-winning information on a demand response side chain, selects an instruction issued before issue, and adds all reports participating in response into a bid-winning list.
The event accounting stage is a process of accounting and confirming after the aggregator receives the demand response result issued by the market-level platform, as shown in fig. 9, and mainly includes:
a) the block chain gateway records the response of the user on a data side chain for chain storage;
b) the market platform issues a demand response result on a demand response side chain;
c) the aggregator acquires a demand response result from the demand response side chain;
d) and (4) after the response result is rechecked by the aggregator, confirming the response result on the demand response side chain.
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