CN112814685A - Ultra-large section chamber tunneling blasting method - Google Patents
Ultra-large section chamber tunneling blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112814685A CN112814685A CN202110048816.1A CN202110048816A CN112814685A CN 112814685 A CN112814685 A CN 112814685A CN 202110048816 A CN202110048816 A CN 202110048816A CN 112814685 A CN112814685 A CN 112814685A
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- construction
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- blasting
- cave
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction engineering construction of mine shaft construction engineering, and particularly relates to a tunneling blasting method for an ultra-large section chamber. The method comprises the following steps: the construction measures are adopted for raise, guide cave construction, chamber arch construction and support, construction of the middle layer of a construction chamber wall and chamber support construction, and the guide cave combined construction method is adopted, so that the construction difficulty can be reduced to a great extent, the construction period can be shortened, the construction safety risk can be reduced, and the safety and reliability are greatly improved; the method of combined construction of an upper guide cave and a lower guide cave, guide caves on two sides and a drop shaft is adopted, and a smooth blasting, presplitting blasting and anchor-spraying net combined supporting mode is adopted, so that the cave engineering with large cross section and complex surrounding rock can be realized through the overall construction sequence of arching before wall construction, layered construction and excavation before wall construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction engineering construction of mine shaft construction engineering, and particularly relates to a tunneling blasting method for an ultra-large section chamber.
Background
The construction method of pilot tunnel excavation is that firstly a pilot tunnel with small section is used to start excavation at a certain position of the tunnel, then the upper opening, the top raising or the bottom raising is carried out, and the tunnel is gradually enlarged to the designed section. When a large chamber is encountered, the support needs to be repeatedly erected, the hole is drilled, the support is disassembled, the blasting and the like, the process is complicated, and the position and the section of the pilot chamber also need to meet the requirements of ventilation and shipping. According to the different positions of the pilot tunnels, the construction method comprises a central lower pilot tunnel, a top pilot tunnel and two side pilot tunnels. The pilot tunnel construction method is generally used for a chamber with poor surrounding rock stability and a larger cross section.
The traditional pilot tunnel method for the construction of the tunnel often cannot meet the construction requirements of the large-size cross-section tunnel, the construction process of the large-size cross-section tunnel is deeply researched based on specific engineering practice research, a combined tunneling construction method of an upper pilot tunnel, a lower pilot tunnel and two side pilot tunnels is provided, and the efficient construction of the large-size cross-section tunnel is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunneling blasting method for an ultra-large section chamber, which solves the problem that the existing construction method cannot meet the construction requirement of a large section chamber.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tunneling blasting method for an ultra-large section chamber comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a measure raise, and after completing construction of lower layering of the chamber through a lower guide chamber, starting tunneling construction along the north-south direction of the chamber, namely two sides of a hoist chamber according to a tunneling construction scheme and a construction flow;
s2, constructing an upper guide cave, taking the downward 3m of an arch base line of the cave as the bottom plate elevation of the upper guide cave, and taking the longitudinal center line of the cave as the center line of the upper guide cave;
s3, constructing and supporting an arch part of the chamber, after the upper part is constructed in a layered manner, formulating a construction scheme of the arch part according to the specific construction condition, drawing a construction big sample diagram, and extracting related data;
s4, constructing the middle layer of the construction chamber wall, excavating the middle wall of the chamber after the construction of all the arch parts of the elevator chamber is finished, selecting a proper position to arrange a cutting groove before excavating, constructing the cutting groove to penetrate through the upper layer and expand the side to the design specification;
s5, supporting construction of the chamber, wherein after the construction of the chamber wall part of the large-scale elevator is finished, supporting construction of the chamber wall part and the bottom plate is carried out;
preferably, in step S1, the cross-section specification of the lower pilot tunnel is a 3 mx 3m three-arch cross-section, the azimuth is perpendicular to the center line of the chamber in the north-south direction, and after the lower pilot tunnel is formed, the construction of lower layering is started.
Preferably, in step S2, the upper pilot tunnel has a size of 2m × 2m and a length of the full length of the chamber.
Further, in the step S3, a 2 × 2-meter wide notch is dug upward from one end of the upper layer to the vault to create a free surface for initial channeling blasting, then the notch is pulled from the notch to both sides to the arch bottom to form an initial three-star arch structure, then smooth blasting is gradually performed on the vault to the other end of the chamber through the 2-meter wide notch, the distance between the smooth blasting holes is 0.5m, the thickness of the smooth blasting layer is 0.6m, and the vault of the notch position is repaired to the smooth surface after vault construction is completed.
Further, in step S3, after the measures such as lifting the beam and the pit are completed, the rock surface is flushed with water, and then shotcrete mesh support is performed, wherein the anchor rod is a pipe seam type anchor rod, the rod length is 1.8m, the diameter is 43 mm, and the anchor mesh is a metal mesh with the size of 2m × 2m, so as to complete mesh-hanging shotcrete support operation at the top of the chamber.
Further, in step S4, performing smooth blasting on the headwall, wherein the parameters of the smooth blasting are the same as those of the arch smooth blasting, tunneling two measure patios with a diameter of 3m upwards at the position of the boundary, controlling the elevation to reach the level of 1602m, constructing an upper pilot cave and communicating with two day wells to create a space for the next construction chamber arch, controlling the elevation and communicating measurement work in the construction process, and using the two day wells as pedestrian, ventilation and waste rock sliding alternately.
Further, in step S5, the support forms are divided into two types, namely, anchor net-shotcreting support and reinforced concrete support, and when an unstable section where local surrounding rock is broken during excavation construction is encountered, the anchor net-shotcreting combined support is used as a temporary support, and after the chamber is formed, the reinforced concrete support is used as a permanent support, and the main process flows of wall first and arch later and sectional pouring are as follows: construction preparation, measurement and paying-off, steel bar binding, steel template installation, inspection and concrete pouring.
Further, in step S5, in order to enhance the casting quality, the concrete should be prepared strictly according to the mixture ratio, the concrete should be cast symmetrically, the vibration is enhanced by the vibrating rod, and after the supporting engineering of the chamber is finished, the measure engineering such as installing the vault hoisting beam is performed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the pilot tunnel combined construction method, not only can the construction difficulty be reduced to a great extent, the construction period be shortened, but also the construction safety risk can be reduced, and the safety and reliability are greatly improved; and moreover, by adopting a combined construction method of an upper guide cave and a lower guide cave, two sides guide caves and a measure draw shaft, adopting a combined support mode of smooth blasting, presplitting blasting and shotcrete net, and through the overall construction sequence of arching before wall construction, layered construction, excavation before rock excavation, the cave-work with large section and complex surrounding rocks can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the bottom layer construction of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the upper layer construction of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the raise by the measures of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
example 1
A tunneling blasting method for an ultra-large section chamber comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a measure raise, and after completing construction of lower layering of the chamber through a lower guide chamber, starting tunneling construction along the north-south direction of the chamber, namely two sides of a hoist chamber according to a tunneling construction scheme and a construction flow;
s2, constructing an upper guide cave, taking the downward 3m of an arch base line of the cave as the bottom plate elevation of the upper guide cave, and taking the longitudinal center line of the cave as the center line of the upper guide cave;
s3, constructing and supporting an arch part of the chamber, after the upper part is constructed in a layered manner, formulating a construction scheme of the arch part according to the specific construction condition, drawing a construction big sample diagram, and extracting related data;
s4, constructing the middle layer of the construction chamber wall, excavating the middle wall of the chamber after the construction of all the arch parts of the elevator chamber is finished, selecting a proper position to arrange a cutting groove before excavating, constructing the cutting groove to penetrate through the upper layer and expand the side to the design specification;
and S5, carrying out chamber supporting construction, and carrying out supporting engineering on the chamber wall part and the base plate after the construction of the large-scale elevator chamber wall part is finished.
In step S1, the section specification of the lower pilot tunnel is a 3 mx 3m three-arch section, the azimuth is perpendicular to the chamber center line along the north-south direction, and after the lower pilot tunnel is formed, the construction of lower layering is started.
In step S2, the upper pilot tunnel has a size of 2m × 2m and a length equal to the total length of the chamber.
In the step S3, firstly, a 2X 2m wide cut well is dug upwards from one end of an upper layer to an arch crown to create a free surface for initial channeling blasting, then, the cut well is used for drawing a groove to the arch bottom towards two sides to form an initial three-star arch structure, then, the arch crown smooth blasting is constructed towards the other end of the chamber step by step through the 2m wide cut groove, the interval of light blasting holes is 0.5m, the thickness of a light blasting layer is 0.6m, and the arch crown of the groove cutting part is repaired to a smooth surface after the arch crown construction is completed.
In the step S3, after the measures such as lifting the beam and the pit are completed, the rock surface is flushed with water, and the shotcrete mesh support is performed, wherein the anchor rod is a pipe seam type anchor rod, the rod length is 1.8m, the diameter is 43 mm, the anchor mesh is a metal mesh with the size of 2m × 2m, and the mesh-hanging shotcrete support operation at the top of the underground chamber is completed.
In the step S4, performing smooth blasting on the end wall, wherein the parameters of the smooth blasting are the same as those of the arch smooth blasting, two measure patios with the diameter of 3m are upwards tunneled at the position reaching the boundary, the elevation is controlled to be tunneled to the level of 1602m, then an upper guide cave is constructed and communicated with the two day wells, a space is created for the next construction cave arch, the elevation is controlled and the measurement work is communicated in the construction process, and the two day wells are used as pedestrians, ventilation and waste rock sliding alternately.
In the step S5, the support forms are divided into two types, namely, an anchor net-shotcreting support and a reinforced concrete support, when a local surrounding rock is broken and unstable in the excavation construction process, the anchor net-shotcreting combined support is adopted immediately as a temporary support, the reinforced concrete support is adopted as a permanent support after the chamber is formed, the wall is firstly constructed and then the arch is constructed, the section casting is carried out, and the main process flow of the reinforced concrete casting is as follows: construction preparation, measurement and paying-off, steel bar binding, steel template installation, inspection and concrete pouring.
In the step S5, in order to enhance the casting quality, the concrete is prepared strictly according to the mixture ratio, the concrete is symmetrically cast and is reinforced and vibrated by a vibrating spear, and after the supporting engineering of the chamber is finished, the measure engineering such as installing the vault hoisting beam is carried out.
The construction scheme and the process are as follows:
in a chamber construction preparation stage, each professional technician carries out site survey and considers that part of measure engineering needs to be constructed before large-scale chamber construction, and a small-section roadway is firstly developed from a connection channel of a hoist chamber to a design position of a shaft barrel center in the chamber; secondly, jacking and bottoming a roadway in the central area of the shaft; then installing a drilling machine in the area, sampling a rock core of the shaft, and analyzing the lithology of the rock core; on the basis, the influence of the measure engineering on the stability of the surrounding rock of the chamber is considered, and the actual situation of field 'damage' is combined, and finally the method for adopting the pilot tunnel combined tunneling construction is determined through analysis, namely the method for performing the tunneling construction by combining the pilot tunnels on two sides, the pilot tunnels up and down and the measure raise.
The survey crew should make the measurement and point placement control work at any time according to the design in the whole process of the chamber construction, calibrate the excavation center direction of the chamber in time according to the design, and measure the elevation and the waist line of the chamber bottom plate and each roadway. The method comprises the following steps of calibrating a tunneling central line and a waist line of a lower pilot tunnel from a tunnel connection tunnel junction to a middle position in a well, calibrating and measuring elevation in a tunneling well on a measure patio, measuring the penetration of an upper pilot tunnel and two measure patios, calibrating the positions of an upper pilot tunnel waist line and a lifting beam pit during construction of a tunnel arch part, and the like. It is known through construction schemes that in the construction process of the lower guide cave, the surrounding rock in the central area of a shaft is considered to be damaged, and the lower guide cave is required to avoid the area to be tunneled in a split manner along the south and north directions of the two sides as far as possible.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A tunneling blasting method for an ultra-large section chamber is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a measure raise, and after completing construction of lower layering of the chamber through a lower guide chamber, starting tunneling construction along the north-south direction of the chamber, namely two sides of a hoist chamber according to a tunneling construction scheme and a construction flow;
s2, constructing an upper guide cave, taking the downward 3m of an arch base line of the cave as the bottom plate elevation of the upper guide cave, and taking the longitudinal center line of the cave as the center line of the upper guide cave;
s3, constructing and supporting an arch part of the chamber, after the upper part is constructed in a layered manner, formulating a construction scheme of the arch part according to the specific construction condition, drawing a construction big sample diagram, and extracting related data;
s4, constructing the middle layer of the construction chamber wall, excavating the middle wall of the chamber after the construction of all the arch parts of the elevator chamber is finished, selecting a proper position to arrange a cutting groove before excavating, constructing the cutting groove to penetrate through the upper layer and expand the side to the design specification;
and S5, carrying out chamber supporting construction, and carrying out supporting engineering on the chamber wall part and the base plate after the construction of the large-scale elevator chamber wall part is finished.
2. The tunneling blasting method for the ultra-large section chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the section specification of the lower pilot tunnel is a 3 mx 3m three-arch section, the azimuth is perpendicular to the chamber center line along the north-south direction, and after the lower pilot tunnel is formed, the construction of lower layering is started.
3. The tunneling blasting method for the ultra-large section chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the upper pilot tunnel has a size of 2m × 2m and a length equal to the total length of the chamber.
4. The tunneling blasting method for the ultra-large section chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S3 includes the steps of:
s4.1, digging a 2 x 2m wide cut well upwards to a vault from one end of the upper layer to create a free surface for initial channeling blasting;
s4.2, cutting grooves to the two sides from the well cutting to the bottom of the arch to form an initial three-star arch structure, gradually constructing smooth blasting of the arch crown to the other end of the chamber through the 2-meter wide cutting grooves, wherein the distance between smooth blasting holes is 0.5m, the thickness of the smooth blasting layer is 0.6m, and repairing the arch crown of the cutting groove part to the smooth surface after arch crown construction is completed;
and S4.3, after the measures such as lifting the beam and the pit are completed, flushing the rock surface with water, carrying out shotcrete net support, wherein the anchor rod adopts a pipe seam type anchor rod, the rod length is 1.8m, the diameter is 43 mm, the anchor net adopts a metal net with the size of 2m multiplied by 2m, and the suspension net shotcrete support operation on the top of the chamber is completed.
5. The tunneling blasting method for the ultra-large section chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, performing smooth blasting on the headwall, wherein the parameters of the smooth blasting are the same as those of the arch smooth blasting, reaching the position of the boundary, then tunneling two measure patios with the diameter of 3m upwards, controlling the elevation to be tunneled to the level of 1602m, then constructing an upper pilot cave and communicating with two day wells to create a space for the next construction of the arch of the chamber, controlling the elevation and communicating measurement work in the construction process, and using the two day wells as pedestrian, ventilation and waste rock sliding alternately.
6. The tunneling blasting method for the ultra-large section chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, the support forms are divided into two types, namely, an anchor net-shotcreting support and a reinforced concrete support, when a local surrounding rock is broken and unstable in the excavation construction process, the anchor net-shotcreting combined support is adopted immediately as a temporary support, the reinforced concrete support is adopted as a permanent support after the chamber is formed, the wall is firstly constructed and then the arch is constructed, the section casting is carried out, and the main process flow of the reinforced concrete casting is as follows: construction preparation, measurement and paying-off, steel bar binding, steel template installation, inspection and concrete pouring.
7. The tunneling blasting method for the ultra-large section chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, in order to enhance the casting quality, the concrete is prepared strictly according to the mixture ratio, the concrete is symmetrically cast and is reinforced and vibrated by a vibrating spear, and after the supporting engineering of the chamber is finished, the measure engineering such as installing the vault hoisting beam is carried out.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113530558A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-10-22 | 湖南涟邵建设工程(集团)有限责任公司 | Double-chute-inclined roadway combined layered construction method for big and high chamber |
| CN114352285A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-15 | 国能包头能源有限责任公司李家壕煤矿 | Construction method of large-section raise construction chamber |
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| CN113530558A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-10-22 | 湖南涟邵建设工程(集团)有限责任公司 | Double-chute-inclined roadway combined layered construction method for big and high chamber |
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