CN112811712A - Method for restoring composite polluted soil, water body or bottom mud by using aquatic organisms - Google Patents

Method for restoring composite polluted soil, water body or bottom mud by using aquatic organisms Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112811712A
CN112811712A CN202011489989.9A CN202011489989A CN112811712A CN 112811712 A CN112811712 A CN 112811712A CN 202011489989 A CN202011489989 A CN 202011489989A CN 112811712 A CN112811712 A CN 112811712A
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loaches
sediment
pool
mud
water body
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CN112811712B (en
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刘海
夏威夷
曲常胜
朱迟
邱成浩
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Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/306—Pesticides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for restoring composite polluted soil, water body or bottom mud by using aquatic organisms, which comprises the following steps: setting a repair pool, and paving mixed base mud in the repair pool; completing bottom sediment algae inoculation and red nematode inoculation in a repair pond; and (4) putting the loaches into the remediation pool to remediate the composite contaminated soil, the water body or the sediment. By adopting the method for remediating the composite contaminated soil, water body or bottom sediment by using the aquatic organisms, the pollutants in the soil, water body or bottom sediment are efficiently enriched and extracted through the step-by-step transmission action of the multi-stage food chain, and meanwhile, the pollutant removal efficiency is improved, the overall remediation period is shortened and remarkable economic and environmental benefits are created based on the cooperative remediation of the aquatic plants and animals.

Description

Method for restoring composite polluted soil, water body or bottom mud by using aquatic organisms
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation and pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a method for remediating composite contaminated soil, water or bottom mud by using aquatic organisms.
Background
In China, which is a major industrial and mining industry and agriculture country with the top rank in the world, in only nearly ten years, due to extensive industrial and agricultural development modes, backward environmental protection concepts and insufficient pollution treatment capacity, a large amount of pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment such as the atmosphere, surface water bodies and the like, and finally migrate into sediments such as soil or bottom mud and the like. Soil and sediment are used as final receptors for pollutant emission, pollution of the soil and sediment has the characteristics of accumulation, concealment, irreversibility, long-term property and the like, and environmental influence can reach dozens to hundreds of years.
The pollution types of soil, water or bottom mud are various, the pollution path is complex, the situations of coexistence of new and old pollutants and inorganic and organic composite pollution are presented, the harm is serious, the control difficulty is high, and the treatment cost is high. The existing soil, water body or bottom mud repairing technology has various disadvantages: if the leaching technology needs to be provided with a large amount of special extracting solution, the damage to the soil structure is serious, and the treatment difficulty of the eluent and the eluted soil is large; the electric restoration is only suitable for the places with smaller pollution range, is not suitable for the places with acid and organic pollution, and has high power consumption cost; the phytoremediation utilizes natural plants to extract and purify pollutants in soil, but the plant growth period is long, the remediation time is long, the root action range is limited, and the extraction effect on organic pollutants is poor; meanwhile, phytoremediation is seriously influenced by seasonal transformation, environmental temperature and humidity changes and the like, only primary organisms are enriched, and the overall amplification effect of pollutant concentration is limited.
Therefore, the combined biological system based on the multistage food chain is developed, is used for removing and reducing pollutants in the polluted soil, water body or bottom sediment, has great significance for solving the defects of the existing repair technology, realizing green, efficient and low-cost repair of the composite polluted soil, water body or bottom sediment, and has wide market popularization prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a method for restoring the composite polluted soil, water body or bottom sediment by using aquatic organisms, which can efficiently enrich and extract pollutants in the soil, water body or bottom sediment through the step-by-step transmission action of a multi-stage food chain, and meanwhile, based on the cooperative restoration of aquatic plants and animals, the pollutant removal efficiency is improved, the whole restoration period is shortened, and remarkable economic and environmental benefits are created.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of remediating a complex contaminated soil, water or sediment using aquatic organisms, the remediation method comprising the steps of:
step 10), setting a repair pool, and paving mixed base mud in the repair pool;
step 20) completing bottom sediment algae inoculation and red nematode inoculation in the restoration pond;
and step 30) putting the loaches into the remediation pool to remediate the composite contaminated soil, water body or sediment.
Preferably, the step 10) includes:
step 101) setting a repair pool;
step 102) fermenting the organic manure, uniformly mixing the fermented organic manure with bagasse and uncontaminated sludge, stacking and fermenting to prepare a nutrient base material;
step 103) uniformly mixing the polluted soil or the substrate sludge with the nutrient base material to prepare mixed base sludge;
and 104) paving the mixed base mud into a repair pool.
Preferably, in the step 101), the specification of the single repair pool is 5-20 m long, 2-10 m wide and 50-70 cm deep.
Preferably, in the step 104), the paving thickness of the mixed base mud is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the step 20) includes:
step 201) uniformly spraying the spores of the algae seeds on the surface of the mixed base mud to finish bottom mud algae inoculation;
step 202) introducing a polluted water body or a clean water body onto the mixed base mud until the surface of the mixed base mud is submerged for 30-40 cm, and adjusting the water body temperature and the pH value of the restoration pond;
step 203), introducing the red nematode worm seeds into the water body for 10 days, and then, controlling the red nematode worm seeds to be 100-500 g/m2The density of the red nematode is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the mixed base mud in the repairing pool to finish the inoculation of the red nematode.
Preferably, in the step 202), the temperature of the water body of the adjusted restoration pool is 18-30 ℃, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5.
Preferably, the step 30) includes:
step 301) after the red line worms are inoculated for 15 days, uniformly feeding loaches into the restoration pond, wherein the loaches are 3-5 cm/loach and the feeding density is 100-500 g/m2；
Step 302), after loaches are put in, randomly sampling and detecting the content of pollutants in the loaches;
step 303) when the sampling result shows that the content of pollutants in the loaches exceeds a threshold value, fishing the loaches in the restoration pond at one time, and performing harmless treatment on the loaches highly enriched in pollutants after dehydration and carbonization; and (3) after the loaches are caught each time, ploughing the mixed base mud, spreading bleaching powder for disinfection, returning to the step 20) after disinfection is finished, and finishing restoration until the concentration of pollutants in the mixed base mud and the water body is lower than an expected target through sampling detection.
Preferably, in the step 302), after the loaches are put in, randomly sampling and detecting the content of pollutants in the loaches every 15 days, wherein the sampling density is not less than 1/m2Each pool is not less than 3;
and in the step 303), sampling and detecting the concentrations of pollutants in the mixed basic mud and the water body every 30-60 days after the loaches are put in.
Preferably, the sediment algae comprises one or any combination of hydrilla verticillata, watermifoil and small arrowroot algae, the organic manure comprises one or any combination of chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure, and the non-polluted sludge is one or any combination of fishpond sludge, paddy field sludge and river sludge.
Compared with the prior art, the method for remedying the composite polluted soil, the water body or the sediment by using the aquatic organisms comprises the following steps: setting a repair pool, and paving mixed base mud in the repair pool; completing bottom sediment algae inoculation and red nematode inoculation in a repair pond; and (4) putting the loaches into the remediation pool to remediate the composite contaminated soil, the water body or the sediment. Through the step-by-step transmission effect of the multi-stage food chain, pollutants in soil, water or bottom mud are efficiently enriched and extracted, and meanwhile, the pollutant removal efficiency is improved, the overall repair period is shortened, and remarkable economic and environmental benefits are created based on the cooperative repair of aquatic plants and animals. The ecological food chain of basic mud, algae, red nematode and loach realizes the amplification and enrichment effect of pollutants in the polluted soil or the bottom mud, avoids the damage of remediation technologies such as leaching, oxidation reduction and the like to the soil or the bottom mud, does not produce secondary pollutants, and is environment-friendly. Meanwhile, the food chain is adopted, so that the defect that the amplification level of the traditional land plant restoration technology on the pollutant concentration is limited can be effectively overcome. Besides algae, the red nematodes and the loaches can directly ingest pollutants from sediment and water environment by swallowing silt, so that the pollutants which cannot be removed by traditional terrestrial plants can be extracted, and the repair period is shortened. Meanwhile, the environment in the restoration pool can be regarded as a small-sized ecological system, nutrient substance circulation can be realized, and the restoration pool can basically maintain itself through the ecological system circulation, so that the restoration method is simple and convenient to maintain and low in later-stage investment cost. The method has the advantages of simple steps, high operability, low technical difficulty, low implementation cost and high operation efficiency, and therefore, the method has extremely high popularization and application values.
Detailed Description
The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The scope of the invention is not limited by these examples, which are set forth in the following claims.
The composite pollution in the invention refers to a phenomenon that a plurality of pollutants exist simultaneously and generate comprehensive pollution to the atmosphere, water quality, soil, ocean, organisms and human bodies.
Test subjects:
polluted soil, water or bottom mud are collected from a moving site of a biochemical industry enterprise, wherein pollutants in the soil are 574.35mg/kg of As, 2265.22mg/kg of Pb and 81.17mg/kg of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane; the pollutants in the bottom mud are 980.48mg/kg of As, 1876.20mg/kg of Pb and 40.11mg/kg of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane; the pollutant Pb in the polluted water body is 18.30mg/L and the dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane is 3.23 mg/L.
Example 1: a method of remediating with aquatic organisms, comprising:
(1) and (3) setting a repair pool: the single pool is 10m long, 5m wide and 50cm deep and is built by cement materials;
(2) preparing a nutrient muddy base material: and (3) fermenting the obtained chicken manure organic manure for 3 days, uniformly mixing the chicken manure organic manure with bagasse and uncontaminated rice field fertilizer mud, continuously stacking and fermenting for 2 days, and preparing the nutrient base material, wherein the wet weight ratio of the organic manure to the bagasse to the uncontaminated mud is 5: 1: 5;
(3) uniformly mixing the contaminated soil to be repaired with the nutrient base material to obtain mixed base mud, wherein the wet weight ratio of the mixed base mud to the nutrient base material is 2: 3;
(4) paving the mixed base mud obtained in the step (3) into a repairing pool, wherein the paving thickness is 10cm, and loose paving and compaction are adopted during paving;
(5) algae inoculation: uniformly spraying the purchased seed spores of the myriophyllum sp on the surface of the mixed base mud, wherein the planting density of the spores is 40g/m2；
(6) Introducing clean uncontaminated water to the mixed base mud until the surface of the mixed base mud is submerged for 30cm, keeping the water temperature of the restoration pool at 30 ℃ and the pH value at 6.5;
(7) collecting the Lumbrialumbricus species at a ratio of 200g/m after 10 days2The density of the red nematode is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the mixed base mud in the repairing pool to finish the inoculation of the red nematode, and the red nematode is collected from a sewage drainage ditch near a residential area;
(8) uniformly feeding artificially cultured loaches into the restoration pond 15 days after the red nematode inoculation, wherein the loaches are 3 cm/loach in specification and the feeding density is 100g/m2；
(9) Then randomly sampling every 15 days to detect the content of pollutants in the loaches, wherein the sampling density is not less than 1 loach/m2Each pool is not less than 3;
(10) when the sampling result shows that the content of pollutants in the loaches exceeds a threshold value, the loaches in the repairing pool are caught at one time, and the loaches are subjected to high-temperature dehydration, pyrolysis and carbonization and then are subjected to harmless treatment;
(11) after each catching, the mixed base mud is turned over in time, bleaching powder is scattered for disinfection, and the use amount of the bleaching powder is less than or equal to 5g/m2And after disinfection, algae, red-line worms and loach seedlings are reseeded;
(12) and sampling and detecting the concentration of the pollutants in the mixed base mud every 40 days until the concentration of the pollutants is lower than an expected target, indicating that the remediation is finished.
Example 2: a method of remediating with aquatic organisms, comprising:
(1) and (3) setting a repair pool: the single pool is 20m long, 10m wide and 60cm deep, and is built by cement materials;
(2) preparing a nutrient muddy base material: and (3) fermenting the obtained cow dung organic manure for 3 days, uniformly mixing the fermented cow dung organic manure with bagasse and uncontaminated fishpond sludge, continuously stacking and fermenting for 2 days, and preparing the nutrient base material, wherein the wet weight ratio of the organic manure to the bagasse to the uncontaminated sludge is 5: 1: 5;
(3) uniformly mixing the substrate sludge to be repaired with the nutrient base material to obtain mixed base sludge, wherein the wet weight ratio of the mixed base sludge to the nutrient base material is 2: 3;
(4) paving the mixed base mud obtained in the step (3) into a repairing pool, wherein the paving thickness is 12cm, and loose paving and compaction are adopted during paving;
(5) algae inoculation: uniformly spraying spores of purchased arrowroot grass seeds on the surface of the mixed base mud, wherein the planting density of the spores is 40g/m2；
(6) Introducing an uncontaminated clean water body on the mixed base mud until the surface of the mixed base mud is submerged for 35cm, keeping the water temperature of the restoration pool at 26 ℃ and the pH value at 7.0;
(7) collecting the collected Lumbrialumbricus species at a ratio of 100g/m after 10 days2The density of the red nematode is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the mixed base mud in the repairing pool to finish the inoculation of the red nematode, and the red nematode is collected from a sewage drainage ditch near a residential area;
(8) uniformly feeding artificially cultured loaches into the restoration pond 15 days after the red nematode inoculation, wherein the loaches are 5 cm/loach in specification and the feeding density is 200g/m2；
(9) Then randomly sampling every 15 days to detect the content of pollutants in the loaches, wherein the sampling density is not less than 1 loach/m2Each pool is not less than 3;
(10) when the sampling result shows that the content of pollutants in the loaches exceeds a threshold value, the loaches in the repairing pool are caught at one time, and the loaches are subjected to high-temperature dehydration, pyrolysis and carbonization and then are subjected to harmless treatment;
(11) after each catching, the mixed base mud is turned over in time, bleaching powder is scattered for disinfection, and the use amount of the bleaching powder is less than or equal to 5g/m2And after disinfection, algae, red-line worms and loach seedlings are reseeded;
(12) and sampling and detecting the concentration of the pollutants in the mixed base mud every 60 days until the concentration of the pollutants is lower than an expected target, indicating that the remediation is finished.
Example 3: a method of remediating with aquatic organisms, comprising:
(1) and (3) setting a repair pool: the single pool is 5m long, 2m wide and 70cm deep and is built by cement materials;
(2) preparing a nutrient muddy base material: and (3) fermenting the obtained pig manure organic manure for 3 days, uniformly mixing the obtained pig manure organic manure with bagasse and uncontaminated river sludge, continuously stacking and fermenting for 2 days, and preparing the nutrient base material, wherein the wet weight ratio of the organic manure to the bagasse to the uncontaminated sludge is 5: 1: 5;
(3) uniformly mixing the soil to be repaired with the nutrient base material to obtain mixed base mud, wherein the wet weight ratio of the mixed base mud to the nutrient base material is 2: 3;
(4) paving the mixed base mud obtained in the step (3) into a repair pool, wherein the paving thickness is 15cm, and loose paving and compaction are adopted during paving;
(5) algae inoculation: uniformly spraying spores of purchased Xixindi brand hydrilla verticillata seeds on the surface of the mixed base mud, wherein the planting density of the spores is 40g/m2；
(6) Introducing a polluted water body to be restored on the mixed base mud until the surface of the mixed base mud is submerged for 40cm, keeping the water temperature of the restoration pool at 18 ℃ and the pH value at 7.5;
(7) collecting the collected Anemarrhena rubra seeds at a ratio of 500g/m after 10 days2The density of the red nematode is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the mixed base mud in the repairing pool to finish the inoculation of the red nematode, and the red nematode is collected from a sewage drainage ditch near a residential area;
(8) uniformly feeding artificially cultured loaches into the restoration pond 15 days after the red nematode inoculation, wherein the loaches are 4 cm/loach in specification and the feeding density is 350g/m2；
(9) Then randomly sampling every 15 days to detect the content of pollutants in the loaches, wherein the sampling density is not less than 1 loach/m2Each pool is not less than 3;
(10) when the sampling result shows that the content of pollutants in the loaches exceeds a threshold value, the loaches in the repairing pool are caught at one time, and the loaches are subjected to high-temperature dehydration, pyrolysis and carbonization and then are subjected to harmless treatment;
(11) after each catching, the mixed base mud is turned over in time, bleaching powder is scattered for disinfection, and the use amount of the bleaching powder is less than or equal to 5g/m2And after disinfection, algae, red-line worms and loach seedlings are reseeded;
(12) and sampling and detecting the concentration of the pollutants in the mixed base mud every 30 days until the concentration of the pollutants is lower than an expected target, indicating that the remediation is finished.
Example 4: a method of remediating with aquatic organisms, comprising:
(1) and (3) setting a repair pool: the single pool is 15m long, 8m wide and 65cm deep and is built by cement materials;
(2) preparing a nutrient muddy base material: mixing the obtained chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare organic manure, fermenting for 3 days, uniformly mixing the organic manure with bagasse, non-polluted fishpond sludge, rice field sludge and river sludge (the mass ratio of the three fertilizers is 1:1:1), continuously stacking and fermenting for 2 days to prepare the nutrient base material, wherein the wet weight ratio of the organic manure to the bagasse to the non-polluted sludge is 5: 1: 5;
(3) uniformly mixing the substrate sludge to be repaired with the nutrient base material to obtain mixed base sludge, wherein the wet weight ratio of the mixed base sludge to the nutrient base material is 2: 3;
(4) paving the mixed base mud obtained in the step (3) into a repairing pool, wherein the paving thickness is 14cm, and loose paving and compaction are adopted during paving;
(5) algae inoculation: and (3) mixing the purchased grass spores of the small arrowhead algae, the black algae and the watermifoil according to the mass ratio of 1:1 is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the mixed base mud, wherein the planting density of spores is 40g/m2；
(6) Introducing a polluted water body to be restored on the mixed base mud until the surface of the mixed base mud is submerged for 38cm, keeping the water temperature of the restoration pool at 22 ℃ and the pH value at 7.2;
(7) collecting Lumbrialumbricus species at a ratio of 450g/m after 10 days2The density of the red nematode is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the mixed base mud in the repairing pool to finish the inoculation of the red nematode, and the red nematode is collected from a sewage drainage ditch near a residential area;
(8) uniformly feeding artificially cultured loaches into the restoration pond 15 days after the red nematode inoculation, wherein the loaches are 4 cm/loach in specification and the feeding density is 500g/m2；
(9) Then randomly sampling every 15 days to detect the content of pollutants in the loaches, wherein the sampling density is not less than 1 loach/m2Each pool is not less than 3;
(10) when the sampling result shows that the content of pollutants in the loaches exceeds a threshold value, the loaches in the repairing pool are caught at one time, and the loaches are subjected to high-temperature dehydration, pyrolysis and carbonization and then are subjected to harmless treatment;
(11) after each catching, the mixed base mud is turned over in time, bleaching powder is scattered for disinfection, and the use amount of the bleaching powder is less than or equal to 5g/m2And after disinfection, algae, red-line worms and loach seedlings are reseeded;
(12) and sampling and detecting the pollutant concentration in the mixed base mud every 50 days until the pollutant concentration is lower than an expected target, indicating that the remediation is finished.
Meanwhile, the comparative examples are provided as comparative references with the respective examples, and the effects are further exhibited.
Comparative example 1: this comparative example compared to example 1, eliminating step (5), step (7), step (8), step (9), step (10) and step (11), i.e. not inoculating algae, red nematodes and loaches, except that the method, steps and parameters were otherwise the same.
Comparative example 2: this comparative example compares to example 1 in eliminating step (5) and step (11) the algae inoculation sections, except that the methods, steps and parameters are otherwise the same.
Comparative example 3: this comparative example compared to example 1, eliminating the red nematode inoculation sections of step (7) and step (11), except that the methods, steps and parameters were otherwise identical.
Comparative example 4: compared with the example 1, the loach seed culture method has the advantages that the loach seed culture contents are cancelled in the step (8), the step (9) and the step (10) without putting the loach, and the loach seed culture contents are cancelled in the step (11), except that the method, the step and the parameters are the same.
Comparative example 5: compared with the example 1, the feeding of the red nematodes and the loaches is not carried out, namely the step (7), the step (8), the step (9) and the step (10) are eliminated, the seedling contents of the red nematodes and the loaches are eliminated in the step 11, and the method, the steps and the parameters are the same except for the other steps.
Comparative example 6: this comparative example compared to example 4, eliminating step (5), step (7), step (8), step (9), step (10) and step (11), i.e. not inoculating algae, red nematodes and loaches, except that the method, steps and parameters were otherwise the same.
Comparative example 7: this comparative example compares to example 4 in eliminating step (5) and step (11) the algae inoculation sections, except that the methods, steps and parameters are otherwise the same.
Comparative example 8: this comparative example compares to example 4 with the elimination of the red nematode inoculation sections of step (7) and step (11), except that the methods, steps and parameters were otherwise identical.
Comparative example 9: compared with the example 4, the loach seed culture method has the advantages that the loach seed culture contents are cancelled in the step (8), the step (9) and the step (10) without putting the loach, and the loach seed culture contents are cancelled in the step (11), except that the method, the step and the parameters are the same.
Comparative example 10: compared with the example 4, the feeding of the red nematodes and the loaches is not carried out, namely the step (7), the step (8), the step (9) and the step (10) are eliminated, and the seedling contents of the red nematodes and the loaches are eliminated in the step 11, except that the method, the steps and the parameters are the same.
The above examples and comparative examples together summarize the differences in the repair of subjects and inoculation of organisms as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002837823690000121
Figure BDA0002837823690000131
After five-month test, the concentration of the pollutants in the basic mud and the concentration change distribution of the pollutants in the water body are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002837823690000132
Figure BDA0002837823690000141
It is obvious that, compared with the comparative example which is not repaired by using aquatic organisms and the comparative example which is repaired by only using 1 or 2 of algae, red nematodes and loaches, the heavy metals Pb, As and DDT pollutants in the basic mud and the water body are greatly reduced in concentration and part of the heavy metals Pb, As and DDT pollutants are even reduced to be undetected after the repairing method is adopted for repairing. By the aid of the restoration method, effective biological enrichment and mixing can be performed on various pollutants in the mixed base mud and the water body, and efficient, green and convenient restoration of soil, the water body or the bottom mud is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the method for restoring the composite polluted soil, the water body or the sediment by using the aquatic organisms is environment-friendly and free of secondary pollution. The algae adopted by the invention is taken as a producer in a food chain, and can effectively absorb pollutants from the environment; the red nematode is used as a benthonic animal with strong pollution resistance, and can efficiently remove pollutants in polluted soil, water or bottom mud by swallowing silt, algae and organic humus and enriching the pollutants such as heavy metal, drip nasal discharge and the like in the environment; the loaches further realize the biological enrichment of pollutants by catching red nematodes and algae. The ecological food chain of basic mud, algae, red nematode and loach realizes the amplification and enrichment effect on pollutants in the polluted soil, water body or bottom mud, avoids the damage of remediation technologies such as leaching, oxidation reduction and the like on the soil, water body or bottom mud, does not produce secondary pollutants, and is environment-friendly.
Secondly, the polluted soil, water body or bottom sediment has good repairing effect, algae and animals are repaired in a synergistic manner, the method is suitable for various pollutants, the pollutant extraction efficiency is high, and the process is irreversible. The algae has developed root systems, is thin and has no stems and leaves of horny and waxy layers, so that the algae has larger contact area for pollutants in mixed base mud and water compared with the traditional land plants, can extract pollutants such as heavy metals, drip nasal discharge and the like in the water, soil or sediment environment which are difficult to remove by a conventional method, and has a degradation effect on partial organic pollutants; because the biological binding efficiency of heavy metals and the like is very high, the heavy metals and the like are continuously accumulated and concentrated under the action of high assimilation rate and low discharge rate through the step-by-step transmission of the food chain, and the concentration of pollutants is maximally amplified in the biological loach at the tail end of the food chain. Meanwhile, loaches live in the basic mud, and the mixed basic mud located at the lower part is continuously transferred to the upper part by turning the mud and digging the soil, so that the repairing efficiency of the polluted basic mud is improved. In the method, the food chain of algae (producer) -red nematode (primary consumer) -loach (secondary consumer) can effectively overcome the defect that the amplification level of the traditional land plant (producer) repair technology on the pollutant concentration is limited. Besides algae, the red nematodes and the loaches can directly ingest pollutants from sediment and water environment by swallowing silt, so that the pollutants which cannot be removed by traditional terrestrial plants can be extracted, and the repair period is shortened.
Meanwhile, the restoration pool environment adopted by the restoration method can be regarded as a small ecological system, nutrient substance circulation can be realized, components such as inorganic salt in the mixed base mud and the water body environment are absorbed by the algae and then enter the red nematodes and the loaches in sequence, and the excrement of the loaches returns to the base mud environment and serves as a nutrient source of the algae and the red nematodes; simultaneously, the algae provide oxygen for the red nematodes and the loaches through photosynthesis, and the CO generated by respiration of the red nematodes and the loaches2The growth of algae is promoted in the incoming environment. Through the circulation of the ecological system, the restoration pool can be basically self-maintained, so that the restoration method is simple and convenient to maintain and low in later-stage investment cost.
Finally, the repairing method of the invention has simple steps, high operability and low technical difficulty, can fully utilize the existing mature aquaculture facilities and personnel, does not need the water reducing treatment on the polluted soil or bottom mud, has low requirements on water quality and the like by the used algae, red nematodes and loaches, has strong environmental adaptability and strong pollutant tolerance, and does not need complex repairing equipment, materials, factory buildings and the like. The implementation cost is low, the operation efficiency is high, and therefore the method has extremely high popularization and application values.
The embodiments of the present invention are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the claims of the present invention should be regarded as the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for remediating complex contaminated soil, water or sediment using aquatic organisms, the remediation method comprising the steps of:
step 10), setting a repair pool, and paving mixed base mud in the repair pool;
step 20) completing bottom sediment algae inoculation and red nematode inoculation in the restoration pond;
and step 30) putting the loaches into the remediation pool to remediate the composite contaminated soil, water body or sediment.
2. The method for remediating a composite contaminated soil, water or sediment with aquatic organisms as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step 10) comprises:
step 101) setting a repair pool;
step 102) fermenting the organic manure, uniformly mixing the fermented organic manure with bagasse and uncontaminated sludge, stacking and fermenting to prepare a nutrient base material;
step 103) uniformly mixing the polluted soil or the substrate sludge with the nutrient base material to prepare mixed base sludge;
and 104) paving the mixed base mud into a repair pool.
3. The method for remediating the composite contaminated soil, water or bottom mud by using the aquatic organisms as set forth in claim 2, wherein in the step 101), the size of the remediation pool is 5-20 m long, 2-10 m wide and 50-70 cm deep.
4. The method for remediating the composite contaminated soil, water or sediment by using aquatic organisms as set forth in claim 2, wherein the mixed basic sediment is laid in a thickness of 10-15 cm in the step 104).
5. The method for remediating a composite contaminated soil, water or sediment with aquatic organisms as set forth in claim 2, wherein the step 20) comprises:
step 201) uniformly spraying the spores of the algae seeds on the surface of the mixed base mud to finish bottom mud algae inoculation;
step 202) introducing a polluted water body or a clean water body onto the mixed base mud until the surface of the mixed base mud is submerged for 30-40 cm, and adjusting the water body temperature and the pH value of the restoration pond;
step 203), introducing the red nematode worm seeds into the water body for 10 days, and then, controlling the red nematode worm seeds to be 100-500 g/m2The density of the red nematode is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the mixed base mud in the repairing pool to finish the inoculation of the red nematode.
6. The method for remediating the composite contaminated soil, water or bottom mud by using aquatic organisms as set forth in claim 5, wherein the temperature of the water in the remediating pond after being adjusted in step 202) is 18-30 ℃ and the pH value is 6.5-7.5.
7. The method for remediating a composite contaminated soil, water or sediment with aquatic organisms as set forth in claim 5, wherein the step 30) comprises:
step 301) after the red line worms are inoculated for 15 days, uniformly feeding loaches into the restoration pond, wherein the loaches are 3-5 cm/loach and the feeding density is 100-500 g/m2；
Step 302), after loaches are put in, randomly sampling and detecting the content of pollutants in the loaches;
step 303) when the sampling result shows that the content of pollutants in the loaches exceeds a threshold value, fishing the loaches in the restoration pond at one time, and performing harmless treatment on the loaches highly enriched in pollutants after dehydration and carbonization; and (3) after the loaches are caught each time, ploughing the mixed base mud, spreading bleaching powder for disinfection, returning to the step 20) after disinfection is finished, and finishing restoration until the concentration of pollutants in the mixed base mud and the water body is lower than an expected target through sampling detection.
8. The method for remediating complex contaminated soil, water or sediment by using aquatic organisms as set forth in claim 7, wherein in the step 302), the contaminant content in the loach is randomly sampled and detected every 15 days after the loach is released, and the sampling density is not less than 1/m2Each pool is not less than 3;
and in the step 303), sampling and detecting the concentrations of pollutants in the mixed basic mud and the water body every 30-60 days after the loaches are put in.
9. The method for remediating complex contaminated soil, water or sediment with aquatic organisms as recited in claim 2, wherein the sediment algae comprises one or any combination of hydrilla verticillata, watermifera and dinoflagellate, the organic manure comprises one or any combination of chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure, and the non-contaminated sludge is one or any combination of pond sludge, rice field sludge and river sludge.
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