CN112806360B - Formula of capsicum seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Formula of capsicum seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematode and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112806360B
CN112806360B CN202110033310.3A CN202110033310A CN112806360B CN 112806360 B CN112806360 B CN 112806360B CN 202110033310 A CN202110033310 A CN 202110033310A CN 112806360 B CN112806360 B CN 112806360B
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seeds
pepper
filler
binder solution
rotary kettle
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CN112806360A (en
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王士林
李澧
唐玉新
吕晓兰
李雪
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
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Abstract

The invention discloses the technical field of vegetable seed pelleting, and provides a formula and a preparation method of capsicum seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematodes. The flat pepper seeds are pelletized to prepare the spherical seeds with uniform sizes and regular shapes, so that the mechanical precision seeding of the pepper seeds is facilitated, the seeding efficiency of the pepper is greatly improved, the seed consumption can be reduced, the root knot nematodes can be effectively controlled after the pepper seeds germinate, and the pelletization filler is added with the disintegrating agent, the micro-fertilizer and the ph regulator, so that the germination rate of the pelletized pepper seeds can be promoted, and the seedling quality and yield are improved.

Description

Formula of capsicum seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematode and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable seed pelleting, in particular to a formula of pepper seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematodes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The seed pelleting processing technology is characterized in that a layer of thicker coating material is coated on the surface of small-particle seeds by manual or mechanical means, and seed particles with certain size and strength are formed on the basis of not changing the biological characteristics of the original seeds so as to increase the quality and the volume of the seeds, facilitate mechanical precision seeding, further facilitate transportation and storage of the seeds, lead the shell of the pellets to be capable of timely cracking after seeding, and create a good microenvironment for seed germination and seedling growth. Meanwhile, in the pelleting coating process, the coating material can be mixed with the components such as fertilizer, pesticide and the like, so that the seeds are ensured to have sufficient nutrition in the germination and seedling stages and have the function of disease and pest protection.
However, the existing vegetable seed pelleting preparation method is difficult to be used for pelleting processing of flat pepper seeds, the existing pepper pelleted seeds do not have the function of preventing and controlling the cayenne pepper root nematodes when sowing, and the cayenne pepper root-knot nematodes can only be prevented and controlled by deeply ploughing soil or broadcasting a nematicide in the whole field before pepper transplanting, so that the labor capacity is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a formula for pelleting pepper seeds for preventing and treating root-knot nematodes and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the formula of the pepper seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematodes comprises a binder and a filler, wherein the binder is a biomass-based porous material adsorbed with abamectin, and the surface of a microsphere structure of the binder contains a large number of pore structures; the filler is a mixture of two or more of kaolin, attapulgite, white clay, sepiolite and diatomite, modified talcum powder and biomass porous carbon, 1-10 wt% of bentonite or sodium carboxymethyl starch is added into the filler, and 1-5 wt% of ammonium sulfate and boric acid are added into the filler.
The preparation method of the modified talcum powder comprises the following steps: ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent are mixed according to the ratio of (1-3): (0.5-2) preparing a modifier by mixing; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 4-6 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dripping modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 700 plus 800r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dripping amount of the modifier is 0.5-2% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dripping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dripping operation is 3-8 min; after the modifier is dripped, the rotating speed of the mixing barrel is adjusted to 1500-2000r/min, and the reaction is carried out for 20-30min, thus obtaining the modifier.
The preparation method of the biomass porous carbon comprises the following steps: weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is (1-2): (1-2): 10: (1-2); fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 200-500 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain the catalyst.
The preparation method of the pepper seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematodes comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle;
step 2: spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then rotating the pepper seeds in the rotary kettle for a certain time by adding a filler to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the pepper seeds;
and step 3: after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding the filler, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size;
and 4, step 4: spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
The amount of the filler added in the step 2 and the step 3 is 3 percent of the mass of the seeds; spraying a warning color in the step 4 is spraying a coloring agent solution; the content of the abamectin in the binder solution is 1-3%; the binder solution contains 1-2% of amido cellulose or 2-4% of ester cellulose or 1-2% of amino cellulose.
The preparation method of the binder solution comprises the following steps: preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding 2-10% of abamectin raw pesticide at a stirring speed of 100 plus materials at 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min at the stirring speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added, so that the binder material fully adsorbs the abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing the abamectin.
The mass volume ratio (g: ml: g) of the pepper seeds, the binder solution and the filler is (2-5): (4-10): (20-50).
The invention prepares the flat seeds of the hot pepper into the spherical seeds with uniform size and regular shape by pelleting, is convenient for the mechanical precision seeding of the hot pepper seeds, greatly improves the seeding efficiency of the hot pepper and can reduce the seed using amount. Meanwhile, a biomass-based porous material is used as a binder, the surface of the microsphere structure of the porous material contains a large number of pore structures, abamectin is effectively adsorbed, root-knot nematodes at the roots of the pepper seeds can be effectively and persistently controlled after the pepper seeds germinate, and a disintegrating agent, a trace fertilizer and a ph regulator are added into the pelleting processing filler, so that the germination rate of the pelleted pepper seeds can be promoted, and the seedling quality and yield are improved.
The modified talcum powder and the biomass porous carbon are used as the base materials of the filler, the modified talcum powder after surface modification has better adsorption force, and the modified talcum powder is added into the filler to increase the mutual adhesive force of each component in the filler, so that the filler can be effectively coated on the outer wall of the pepper seeds, and the completeness and the non-dispersion of pills of the pepper seeds are ensured.
The biomass porous carbon prepared by taking the rapeseed oil residue as the main material is added into the filler, the biomass porous carbon contains a large amount of carbon and plant nutrients, has rich pore structures and a large specific surface area, contains more oxygen-containing active groups on the surface, can be filled into the filler to improve the soil and increase the fertility, has a good fixing effect on carbon and nitrogen, is applied to the soil, can improve the supply of carbon and nitrogen elements during the growth of seeds, and improves the survival rate of pepper seeds.
According to the invention, based on the fact that a large number of hydroxyl groups are distributed on molecular chains of starch, cellulose and the like, a porous biomass material surface group can be controllably constructed on the molecular chains through reactions such as esterification, etherification, graft copolymerization and the like, and the affinity of biomass molecules for the adsorption of abamectin can be effectively improved.
According to the invention, bentonite or sodium carboxymethyl starch is added into the filler to improve the disintegration performance of the pelleted seeds after sowing and promote the seed germination effect. Meanwhile, ammonium sulfate and boric acid are added into the filler, so that the filler can be used as a micro-fertilizer for seed germination on one hand, the quality of pepper seedlings is improved to increase the yield, and meanwhile, the ph regulation effect is achieved, so that the bacteriostasis is realized, and the germination rate of pepper seeds is promoted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The seed pelleting processing technology is characterized in that a layer of thicker coating material is coated on the surface of small-particle seeds by manual or mechanical means, and seed particles with certain size and strength are formed on the basis of not changing the biological characteristics of the original seeds so as to increase the quality and the volume of the seeds, facilitate mechanical precision seeding, further facilitate transportation and storage of the seeds, lead the shell of the pellets to be capable of timely cracking after seeding, and create a good microenvironment for seed germination and seedling growth. Meanwhile, in the pelleting coating process, the coating material can be mixed with the components such as fertilizer, pesticide and the like, so that the seeds are ensured to have sufficient nutrition in the germination and seedling stages and have the function of disease and pest protection. However, the existing vegetable seed pelleting preparation method is difficult to be used for pelleting processing of flat pepper seeds, the existing pepper pelleted seeds do not have the function of preventing and controlling the cayenne pepper root nematodes when sowing, and the cayenne pepper root-knot nematodes can only be prevented and controlled by deeply ploughing soil or broadcasting a nematicide in the whole field before pepper transplanting, so that the labor capacity is increased. In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a formula and a preparation method of pepper seed pelleting capable of preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes.
In the embodiment of the invention, the formula for pelleting the capsicum seeds capable of preventing and treating the root-knot nematodes comprises a binder and a filler, wherein the binder is a biomass-based porous material adsorbed with abamectin, and the surface of a microsphere structure of the binder contains a large number of pore structures; the filler is a mixture of two or more of kaolin, attapulgite, white clay, sepiolite and diatomite, modified talcum powder and biomass porous carbon, 1-10 wt% of bentonite or sodium carboxymethyl starch is added into the filler, and 1-5 wt% of ammonium sulfate and boric acid are added into the filler.
According to the invention, a biomass-based porous material is used as a binder, the surface of the microsphere structure of the binder contains a large number of pore structures, abamectin is effectively adsorbed, and the capsicum seed can effectively control root-knot nematodes after germination.
According to the invention, a large number of hydroxyl groups are distributed on the molecular chain based on starch, cellulose and the like, and the surface groups of the porous biomass material can be controllably constructed on the molecular chain through esterification, etherification, graft copolymerization and other reactions, so that the affinity of the biomass molecules for the adsorption of abamectin can be effectively improved.
In the invention, bentonite or sodium carboxymethyl starch is added into the filler to improve the disintegration performance of the pelleted seeds after sowing and promote the seed germination effect. Meanwhile, ammonium sulfate and boric acid are added into the filler, so that the filler can be used as a micro-fertilizer for seed germination on one hand, the quality of pepper seedlings is improved to increase the yield, and meanwhile, the ph regulation effect is achieved, so that the bacteriostasis is realized, and the germination rate of pepper seeds is promoted.
The technical effects of the formula of pepper seed pelleting for preventing and treating root-knot nematode and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the specific implementation methods mentioned in the examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the technical scheme of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation scope of the present invention, and all modifications and substitutions based on the above principles should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent were mixed in a ratio of 1: 0.5, mixing to prepare a modifier; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 4 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dropping a modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 700r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dropping amount of the modifier is 0.5 percent of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dropping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55 percent, 30 percent and 15 percent, and the interval time of each dropping operation is 3 min; after finishing the dropping of the modifier, adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing barrel to be 1500r/min, and reacting for 20min to obtain modified talcum powder;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is 1: 1: 10: 1; fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas division mode at 200 ℃ for 1h to obtain the biomass porous carbon;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding 2% of abamectin raw pesticide by mass under the condition of stirring rotation speed of 100r/min, continuously stirring for 60min under the stirring rotation speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added so that the binder material fully adsorbs abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing abamectin;
weighing 200g of pepper seeds; preparing 400ml of a binder solution containing 1% of amido cellulose and 1% of abamectin;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 50% of modified talcum powder, 15% of biomass porous carbon, 10% of kaolin, 10% of attapulgite, 10% of bentonite and 5% of boric acid; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 2kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
Example 2
Ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent were mixed according to a ratio of 3: 2, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to prepare a modifier; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dropping a modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 800r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dropping amount of the modifier is 2% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dropping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dropping operation is 8 min; after the modifier is dripped, adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing barrel to 2000r/min, and reacting for 30min to obtain modified talcum powder;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is 2: 2: 10: 2; fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas division mode at 500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the biomass porous carbon;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding abamectin raw pesticide with the mass fraction of 10% under the condition of stirring rotation speed of 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min under the stirring rotation speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added so that the binder material fully adsorbs abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing abamectin;
weighing 200g of pepper seeds; preparing 400ml of a binder solution containing 2% of amido cellulose and 3% of abamectin;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 50% of modified talcum powder, 20% of biomass porous carbon, 10% of kaolin, 10% of white clay, 5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 5% of ammonium sulfate; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 2kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
Example 3
Ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent were mixed in the following ratio of 2: 1.5, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to prepare a modifier; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 5 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dropping a modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 750r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dropping amount of the modifier is 1% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dropping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dropping operation is 5 min; after the modifier is dripped, the rotating speed of a mixing barrel is adjusted to 1750r/min, and the reaction is carried out for 25min to obtain modified talcum powder;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is 1.5: 1.5: 10: 1.5; fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in nitrogen at 350 ℃ for 2h to obtain the biomass porous carbon;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding abamectin raw pesticide with the mass fraction of 10% under the condition of stirring rotation speed of 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min under the stirring rotation speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added so that the binder material fully adsorbs abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing abamectin;
weighing 500g of pepper seeds; preparing 1000ml of binder solution containing 2% of amido cellulose and 2% of abamectin;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 40% of bentonite, 20% of modified talcum powder, 10% of biomass porous carbon, 10% of kaolin, 10% of sepiolite, 5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 2% of ammonium sulfate and 3% of boric acid; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 5kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
Example 4
Ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent were mixed according to a ratio of 3: 2, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to prepare a modifier; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dropping a modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 800r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dropping amount of the modifier is 2% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dropping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dropping operation is 8 min; after the modifier is dripped, adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing barrel to 2000r/min, and reacting for 30min to obtain modified talcum powder;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is 2: 2: 10: 2; fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas division mode at 500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the biomass porous carbon;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding abamectin raw pesticide with the mass fraction of 10% under the condition of stirring rotation speed of 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min under the stirring rotation speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added so that the binder material fully adsorbs abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing abamectin;
weighing 500g of pepper seeds; preparing 1000ml of binder solution containing 4% of amido cellulose and 2% of abamectin;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 20% of bentonite, 25% of modified talcum powder, 15% of biomass porous carbon, 10% of diatomite, 10% of sepiolite, 10% of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5% of ammonium sulfate and 5% of boric acid; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 5kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
Example 5
Ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent were mixed according to a ratio of 3: 2, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to prepare a modifier; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dropping a modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 800r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dropping amount of the modifier is 2% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dropping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dropping operation is 8 min; after the modifier is dripped, adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing barrel to 2000r/min, and reacting for 30min to obtain modified talcum powder;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is 2: 2: 10: 2; fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas division mode at 500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the biomass porous carbon;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding abamectin raw pesticide with the mass fraction of 10% under the condition of stirring rotation speed of 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min under the stirring rotation speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added so that the binder material fully adsorbs abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing abamectin;
weighing 200g of pepper seeds; preparing 400ml of a binder solution containing 1% of amido cellulose and 2.5% of abamectin;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 30% of modified talcum powder, 20% of biomass porous carbon, 20% of white clay, 10% of attapulgite, 15% of bentonite and 5% of boric acid; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 2kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
Example 6
Ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent were mixed according to a ratio of 3: 2, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to prepare a modifier; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dropping a modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 800r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dropping amount of the modifier is 2% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dropping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dropping operation is 8 min; after the modifier is dripped, adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing barrel to 2000r/min, and reacting for 30min to obtain modified talcum powder;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is 2: 2: 10: 2; fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas division mode at 500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the biomass porous carbon;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding abamectin raw pesticide with the mass fraction of 10% under the condition of stirring rotation speed of 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min under the stirring rotation speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added so that the binder material fully adsorbs abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing abamectin;
weighing 400g of pepper seeds; preparing 800ml of binder solution containing 2% of amido cellulose and 3% of abamectin;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 40% of modified talcum powder, 20% of biomass porous carbon, 15% of kaolin, 15% of attapulgite, 5% of bentonite, 2% of boric acid and 3% of ammonium sulfate; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 4kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
The pepper seeds prepared by the pelleting processing of the above examples 1-6 are sown in a greenhouse with serious root-knot nematode attack (disease index is more than 5), the emergence rate of the pepper seeds of each example is observed under the same conditions of water, fertilizer and climate, the root-knot index of pepper plants during plant growth is checked according to the pesticide field efficacy rule (nematicide for preventing and treating root nematode disease), and the prevention and treatment effect is calculated. And capsicum nudum species was used as a control group. The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Test items Rate of emergence (%) Root knot index (%) Control effect (%)
Example 1 90.2 16.4 16.8
Example 2 93.8 7.8 60.4
Example 3 96.4 13.1 33.5
Example 4 93.3 11.5 41.6
Example 5 92.2 10.3 47.7
Example 6 93.1 9.2 53.3
Bare seed of hot pepper 94.5 19.7 --
In summary, as can be seen from table 1, compared with the result of sowing pepper in a naked seed, the pepper seed pelleting processing component prepared in embodiments 1-6 of the present invention can promote the germination rate of pepper plants, and the abamectin adsorbed by the binder has a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of root-knot nematodes, and the prevention and treatment effect is excellent. The emergence rate and the control effect of the embodiment 2 are both excellent, and the mass-volume ratio (g: ml: g) of the pepper seeds, the binder solution and the filler in the embodiment is 2: 4: 20, wherein the binder solution contains 2% amidocellulose and 3% avermectin; the filler comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of modified talcum powder, 20% of biomass porous carbon, 10% of kaolin, 10% of white clay, 5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 5% of ammonium sulfate.
Furthermore, the invention also makes systematic research on the formula of the pepper seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematodes and the process conditions in the preparation method thereof, and the following test scheme which only explains the obvious influence of the change of the process conditions on the pelleting effect of the pepper seeds capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematodes takes the process conditions of the example 2 as the basis, and is concretely shown in the comparative examples 1-4:
comparative example 1
Ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent were mixed according to a ratio of 3: 2, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to prepare a modifier; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dropping a modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 800r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dropping amount of the modifier is 2% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dropping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dropping operation is 8 min; after the modifier is dripped, adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing barrel to 2000r/min, and reacting for 30min to obtain modified talcum powder;
weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is 2: 2: 10: 2; fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas division mode at 500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the biomass porous carbon;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, and filtering to obtain a stable and transparent binder solution;
weighing 200g of pepper seeds; preparing 400ml of a binder solution containing 2% of amido cellulose;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 50% of modified talcum powder, 20% of biomass porous carbon, 10% of kaolin, 10% of white clay, 5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 5% of ammonium sulfate; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 2kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
Comparative example 2
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is 2: 2: 10: 2; fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas division mode at 500 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the biomass porous carbon;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding abamectin raw pesticide with the mass fraction of 10% under the condition of stirring rotation speed of 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min under the stirring rotation speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added so that the binder material fully adsorbs abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing abamectin;
weighing 200g of pepper seeds; preparing 400ml of a binder solution containing 2% of amido cellulose and 3% of abamectin;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 50% of talcum powder, 20% of biomass porous carbon, 10% of kaolin, 10% of white clay, 5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 5% of ammonium sulfate; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 2kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
Comparative example 3
Ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent were mixed according to a ratio of 3: 2, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to prepare a modifier; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 6 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dropping a modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 800r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dropping amount of the modifier is 2% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dropping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dropping operation is 8 min; after the modifier is dripped, adjusting the rotating speed of a mixing barrel to 2000r/min, and reacting for 30min to obtain modified talcum powder;
preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding abamectin raw pesticide with the mass fraction of 10% under the condition of stirring rotation speed of 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min under the stirring rotation speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added so that the binder material fully adsorbs abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing abamectin;
weighing 200g of pepper seeds; preparing 400ml of a binder solution containing 2% of amido cellulose and 3% of abamectin;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 70% of modified talcum powder, 10% of kaolin, 10% of white clay, 5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 5% of ammonium sulfate; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 2kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
Comparative example 4
Preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, and filtering to obtain a stable and transparent binder solution;
weighing 200g of pepper seeds; preparing 400ml of a binder solution containing 2% of amido cellulose;
weighing the components of the filler according to the following weight ratio: 70% of talcum powder, 10% of kaolin, 10% of white clay, 5% of sodium carboxymethyl starch and 5% of ammonium sulfate; fully mixing the components to obtain a filler; weighing 2kg of filler;
placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle; spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then adding filler accounting for 3% of the mass of the seeds to rotate in the rotary kettle for a certain time to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the seeds; after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding filler which is 3% of the seed mass, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size; spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
The pepper seeds prepared by the pill processing of the comparative examples 1 to 4 are sown in a greenhouse with serious root-knot nematode attack (the disease index is more than 5), the emergence rate of the pepper seeds of each example is observed under the same conditions of water, fertilizer and climate, the root-knot index of a pepper plant during plant growth is checked according to the pesticide field pesticide effect criterion (nematocide for preventing and treating root nematode), and the prevention and treatment effect is calculated. And capsicum nudum species was used as a control group. The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Test items Rate of emergence (%) Root knot index (%) Control effect (%)
Comparative example 1 91.1 18.9 12.4
Comparative example 2 86.4 8.1 55.8
Comparative example 3 88.1 7.9 56.5
Comparative example 4 84.3 19.3 10.9
In summary, as can be seen from table 2, the germination percentage of the pepper seed pelleting processing components prepared in comparative examples 1-4 is lower than that of pepper plants, and the prevention and treatment effects of root-knot nematode are not good. The adhesive in the formula in the comparative example 1 does not contain abamectin and has no function of preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes, so that the prepared pelleted pepper seeds have high root-knot index; in the formula of the comparative example 2, the modified talcum powder is replaced by the common talcum powder, so that the emergence rate of pelleted pepper seeds is reduced; compared with the formula 3, the formula filler is not provided with biomass porous carbon, so that the emergence rate of the pelletized pepper seeds is reduced; compared with the prior art, the abamectin and the biomass porous carbon are not added in the formula of the comparative example 4, and the modified talcum powder is replaced by the common talcum powder, so that the emergence rate of the pelleted pepper seeds is reduced, and the root-knot index is increased.
In summary, the formula for pelleting pepper seeds capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematodes and the preparation method thereof provided in the embodiment are used for preparing spherical seeds with uniform size and regular shape by pelleting flat pepper seeds, so that the mechanical precision seeding of pepper seeds is facilitated, the seeding efficiency of pepper is greatly improved, and the seed usage amount is reduced. Meanwhile, a biomass-based porous material is used as a binder, the surface of the microsphere structure of the porous material contains a large number of pore structures, abamectin is effectively adsorbed, root-knot nematodes at the roots of the pepper seeds can be effectively and persistently controlled after the pepper seeds germinate, and a disintegrating agent, a trace fertilizer and a ph regulator are added into the pelleting processing filler, so that the germination rate of the pelleted pepper seeds can be promoted, and the seedling quality and yield are improved.
According to the invention, based on the fact that a large number of hydroxyl groups are distributed on molecular chains of starch, cellulose and the like, a porous biomass material surface group can be controllably constructed on the molecular chains through reactions such as esterification, etherification, graft copolymerization and the like, and the affinity of biomass molecules for the adsorption of abamectin can be effectively improved.
According to the invention, bentonite or sodium carboxymethyl starch is added into the filler to improve the disintegration performance of the pelleted seeds after sowing and promote the seed germination effect. Meanwhile, ammonium sulfate and boric acid are added into the filler, so that the filler can be used as a micro-fertilizer for seed germination on one hand, the quality of pepper seedlings is improved to increase the yield, and meanwhile, the ph regulation effect is achieved, so that the bacteriostasis is realized, and the germination rate of pepper seeds is promoted.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The formula of the pepper seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root-knot nematodes comprises a binder and a filler, and is characterized in that the binder is a biomass-based porous material adsorbed with abamectin, and the surface of a microsphere structure of the binder contains a large number of pore structures; the filler is a mixture of two or more of kaolin, attapulgite, white clay, sepiolite and diatomite, modified talcum powder and biomass porous carbon, 1-10 wt% of bentonite or sodium carboxymethyl starch is added into the filler, and 1-5 wt% of ammonium sulfate and boric acid are added into the filler;
the preparation method of the modified talcum powder comprises the following steps: ethanol and a aluminosilicate coupling agent are mixed according to the ratio of (1-3): (0.5-2) preparing a modifier by mixing; drying flaky talcum powder with the average particle size of 4-6 mu m and then putting the dried flaky talcum powder into a mixing barrel; dripping modifier into the talcum powder for three times at a low speed of 700 plus 800r/min in the mixing barrel, wherein the dripping amount of the modifier is 0.5-2% of the mass of the talcum powder in the mixing barrel, the dripping amounts of the modifier for three times are respectively 55%, 30% and 15%, and the interval time of each dripping operation is 3-8 min; after the modifier is dripped, the rotating speed of the mixing barrel is adjusted to 1500-;
the preparation method of the biomass porous carbon comprises the following steps: weighing the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of the starch, the glycerol, the rapeseed oil residue and the sodium carbonate is (1-2): (1-2): 10: (1-2); fully mixing starch, glycerol, rapeseed oil residue and sodium carbonate, drying and crushing to obtain a mixture A; carbonizing the mixture A in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 200-500 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain the catalyst.
2. The method for preparing pepper seed pelletization for root knot nematode control as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the steps of:
step 1: placing the carefully selected pepper seeds into the rotary kettle, starting a rotary kettle rotary switch, and enabling the pepper seeds to perform turnover motion in the rotary kettle repeatedly by adjusting the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the rotary kettle;
step 2: spraying a binder solution on pepper seeds rolling in the rotary kettle to moisten the surfaces of the pepper seeds, and then rotating the pepper seeds in the rotary kettle for a certain time by adding a filler to preliminarily wrap the surfaces of the pepper seeds;
and step 3: after the rotary kettle idles for a period of time, continuously spraying a binder solution to moisten the surface of the rotary kettle, further continuously adding the filler, and repeating the steps until the pepper seed pellets reach a set size;
and 4, step 4: spraying warning color on the surface of the pill seeds until the pepper seeds sprayed with the warning color are uniformly colored, taking out the pepper seeds from the rotary kettle, drying the pill seeds, and sealing for storage.
3. The method for preparing pepper seed pelleting capable of controlling root knot nematodes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the amount of the filler added in step 2 and step 3 is 3% of the seed mass.
4. The method for preparing pepper seed pelleting capable of controlling root knot nematodes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the content of avermectin in the binder solution is 1-3%.
5. The method for preparing pepper seed pellets for controlling root knot nematodes as claimed in claim 2, wherein said binder solution contains 1-2% of amido cellulose or 2-4% of ester cellulose or 1-2% of amino cellulose.
6. The method for preparing the granulated capsicum seed for the root knot nematode control according to claim 2, wherein the method for preparing the binder solution comprises the following steps: preparing a binder solution with specified mass concentration based on deionized water, filtering to remove impurities after the binder solution is prepared, heating the prepared binder solution to 40 ℃, slowly adding 2-10% of abamectin raw pesticide at a stirring speed of 100 plus materials at 200r/min, continuously stirring for 60min at the stirring speed after the abamectin raw pesticide is added, so that the binder material fully adsorbs the abamectin, and filtering to obtain the stable and transparent binder solution containing the abamectin.
7. The preparation method of the pepper seed pelleting method for preventing and treating root knot nematode as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass volume ratio (g: ml: g) of the pepper seeds, the binder solution and the filler is (2-5): (4-10): (20-50).
8. The method for preparing the pepper seed pelleting capable of preventing and treating root knot nematodes according to claim 2, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio (g: ml: g) of the pepper seeds, the binder solution and the filler is 4: 8: 40.
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