CN109020719A - It is a kind of suitable for the special fertilizer of North China's eggplant and its preparation and application method - Google Patents
It is a kind of suitable for the special fertilizer of North China's eggplant and its preparation and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109020719A CN109020719A CN201811162777.2A CN201811162777A CN109020719A CN 109020719 A CN109020719 A CN 109020719A CN 201811162777 A CN201811162777 A CN 201811162777A CN 109020719 A CN109020719 A CN 109020719A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant and its preparation and application methods, preparation method includes: 10-50 parts of corn stover, 1-2 parts of urea, 9-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of bio-bacterial manure pulvis, 15-25 parts of decomposed cow dung, 1-10 parts of fulvic acid, 1-3 parts of microelement agent, 5-15 parts of 5-15 parts of starch, water mixing granulations；Corncob is coating agent, and polyvinyl alcohol makees bonding agent；Material rolls granulating.Nutrient content ratio in special fertilizer are as follows: N:P2O5:K2O=12-17:35-45:0.The characteristics of present invention is according to North China's soil nutrient, pass through the preparation and application method of Fertilizer special for eggplant, effective guarantee eggplant plant strain growth is bloomed, nutritional ingredient needed for fruit setting, reduce the access times and usage amount of chemical fertilizer, reduce recruitment, improve soil nutrient and be divided into structure, improves the yield and quality of eggplant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of suitable for the special fertilizer of North China's eggplant and its preparation and application method, belongs to the preparation of fertilizer
With vegetable cultivation field technical field.
Background technique
Eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.), Solanaceae Solanum, fruit are berry, originating from Asia southeast torrid zone ground
Area is tamed through artificial cultivation, and fruit becomes larger, and is one of the vegetable species of the southern and northern main cultivation in China, deep by broad masses of the people's
Like.According to the statistics of FAO yearbook, global eggplant harvest area is 170.1 ten thousand hectares within 2004, and total output is 29,840,000
Ton；China's harvest area is 81.7 ten thousand hectares, and total output is 16,530,000 tons, accounts for the 50% of world's harvest area and total output respectively
Left and right.China's eggplant cultivated area in 2014 is 850,000 hectares, 2,500,000 tons of total output.
In recent years, the living standard of the our people masses has jumped onto a new step, to the need of the victuals such as eggplant
The amount of asking is increasing, but is influenced cultivated area by natural environment, industrial development, Urbanization Construction in recent years and declined, then
In addition population is continuously increased, to meet the needs of people, unique method is exactly to increase the yield per unit area.Fertilising is improving list
Play the role of very huge during the area output of position, accounts for about 30%-50% according to statistics.Therefore the yield in order to maintain vegetables
It must focus on the research of fertilizer practice.
Research shows that eggplant is the vegetable crop that can repeatedly harvest, have growth cycle long, the big spy of nutrient demand amount
Point.When nutritional condition is good, fallen flowers are few, well-grown, and malnutrition can be such that short column flower increases, and floral dysplasia should not be sat
Fruit.Furthermore nutrition condition has an effect on the position bloomed, when nutritional sufficiency, the deployable 4-5 piece leaf of the branch at position of blooming, and nutrition
When bad, the blade of expansion is seldom, and fallen flowers increase.
Eggplant increases the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium with the extension of breeding time.Nitrogen is in eggplant body mainly with albumen
The form of the nitrogenous compounds such as matter, amino acid, nucleic acid, enzyme, chlorophyll, vitamin and alkaloid exists, and has to yield and quality
It significantly affects.Phosphorus is the constituent of nucleic acid, protein, phosphatide, plays an active part in such as photosynthesis in eggplant body, sugared generation
It thanks, the physiology courses such as nitrogen metabolism and fat metabolism.Potassium has promotion to make transport, the energy variation etc. of assimilation products in eggplant body
With.Potassium can promote the synthesis of chlorophyll, improve chloroplast structure.The nutrient for often ignoring soil itself to increase yield peasant household contains
Amount, blindness application fertilizer causes the accumulation of nutrient, as a result, the yield of eggplant does not increase, instead to the quality of eggplant and
Environment causes a degree of negative effect.Therefore novel compound fertilizer is applied according to the environmental condition of soil, be the following fertilizer
The direction of development.
Summary of the invention
To solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention discloses a kind of special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant and
It is prepared and application method, which stablizes, nutrient supply needed on the one hand can satisfy eggplant growth, another party
Face effectively improves fertilizer efficiency, reduces the influence to environment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of the special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, comprising the following steps:
S1, the segment that corn straw smashing is less than 5cm at length is chosen, dries and be placed in retort, is carbonized under the conditions of 600 DEG C
It 1.5-2.5 hour, is cooled to room temperature, milled 60 mesh is spare；
S2, by 10-50 parts of corn stover, urea (CO (NH2)2) 1-2 parts, calcium superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2) 9-15 parts, biological bacteria
Fertile pulvis 5-10 parts, 15-25 parts of decomposed cow dung, 1-10 parts of fulvic acid, 1-3 parts of microelement agent, 5-15 parts of starch, 5-15 parts of water
Mixing；It is granulated after mixing evenly, it is spare as parent nucleus；
Corncob after S3, selection threshing crushes after drying, and the coating agent that partial size is 40-80 mesh is made, selects concentration 6.0%
Polyvinyl alcohol water solution is as bonding agent；
S4, the parent nucleus for choosing uniform particle sizes pour into rotary drum sugar-coat coating machine, and temperature is set as 25-35 DEG C, sprays on parent nucleus
Spill adhesive, every 1 kilogram of parent nucleus 40-60ml adhesive is added coating agent, while spray adhesive in rotary drum, rolls material
Dynamic granulating, is repeated several times, and finishes until by all carbonization rice husks package to get product.
The microelement agent includes 0.3-0.7 parts of boric acid, 0.3-0.7 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.1-0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, sulfuric acid
0.1-0.3 parts of manganese, 0.1-0.3 parts of copper sulphate, 0.1-0.3 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.1-0.3 parts of selenium fertilizer.
The urea that the step S2 is used is greater than 2 millimeters of granular urea, content 40-50% for particle diameter.
The calcium superphosphate that the step S2 is used is powdery, content 12%.
The bio-bacterial manure pulvis that the step S2 is selected is ER-CN microbial inoculum, and living bacteria count is greater than 200,000,000/gram.
The coating agent usage amount is by the 15-30% of package parent nucleus weight.
A kind of special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, is calculated by weight, nutrient content ratio are as follows: N:P2O5:K2O=
12-17:35-45:0。
Use a kind of method of special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant: eggplant be colonized 1 week before, using special fertilizer as
Base fertilizer applies in the soil that depth is 20cm-30cm；Each stage of eggplant growth does not need application fertilizer afterwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The present invention is according to North China's agricultural planting structure feature, waste --- stalk after efficiently using corn planting, straw
Stalk is a kind of important living resources rich in substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters.Stalk carries out high warm under anaerobic
Cracking, obtained carbonization stalk is a kind of solid, porous particles substance with height aromatization, rich in carbon, it contains greatly
The carbon and mineral element substance of amount contain more oxygen-containing work with pore structure abundant, biggish specific surface area and surface
Property group, the present invention uses in Fertilizer special for eggplant material, has improvement soil, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, improves the spies such as chemical fertilizer utilization ratio
Point.
The characteristics of present invention lacks phosphorus rich potassium according to nitrogen stress in North China's eggplant growing area soil nutrient, by specifically changing
Fertile preparation method, the through the invention implementation of technology, reduces the amount of application of chemical fertilizer.The slow-release fertilizer of preparation is able to satisfy the whole of eggplant
The demand of nutrient is conducive to improve the yield and quality of eggplant in a growth period.Make 20% or more the output increased of eggplant, it is soluble
Solid content, soluble protein, Vitamin C content improve 20% or more.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail combined with specific embodiments below, but protection scope of the present invention is not
Be limited to these embodiments, all changes or equivalent substitute without prejudice to present inventive concept be included in protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of the special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, comprising the following steps:
Novel sustained release fertilizer is prepared before S1, the field planting of eggplant seedling, as one of raw material of slow-release fertilizer, choosing after corn straw smashing is carbonized
Take corn straw smashing at length be less than 5cm segment, dried under fine day sunlight, make its water content drop to 10% with
Under；Corn stover after drying is placed in retort, is carbonized at a high temperature of 600 DEG C, is completed after 2 hours；It will
Corn stover cooled to room temperature after carbonization, milled 60 mesh are spare.
S2, it is investigated by the soil nutrient to the multiple eggplants in North China plantation area, the content of analysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is bright
The really formula of slow-release fertilizer chooses corn stover 10-50 parts, urea (CO (NH2)2) 1 part, calcium superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2) 9
Part, 5 parts of bio-bacterial manure pulvis, 20 parts of decomposed cow dung, 5 parts of fulvic acid, 2 parts of microelement agent, 10 parts of starch, 10 parts of water mixing；
It is granulated after mixing evenly.
The microelement agent includes 0.5 part of boric acid, 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2 part of manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid
0.2 part of copper, 0.2 part of ferric sulfate, 0.2 part of selenium fertilizer.
S3, select corncob as biological mass shell coating agent, being analyzed its chemical constituent is mainly, crude fibre 61.5%, wood
Quality 28%, the corncob after choosing threshing crush after drying in the sun, and the coating agent that partial size is 60 mesh is made.Bonding agent choosing
With the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of concentration 6.0%.
The parent nucleus for choosing uniform particle sizes pours into rotary drum sugar-coat coating machine, and temperature is set as 30 DEG C or so, on parent nucleus
Spray adhesive, binder dosage are 50 ml of every 1 kilogram of parent nucleus, and a certain amount of corncob coating agent is added in rotary drum,
Spray adhesive simultaneously makes material roll granulating, is repeated several times, and finishes until by all carbonization rice husks package, partial size is in 2mm-
Between 3mm, coating agent is accounted for by the 20% of package parent nucleus weight.Up to product.
The fertilizer obtained using S1-S3 step is detected, is calculated by weight, nutrient content ratio in slow-release fertilizer are as follows: N:
P2O5:K2O=15:42:0.The slow-release fertilizer parent nucleus is granulated, parent nucleus is uniformly wrapped up by corncob by being sufficiently mixed.
The application method of the special fertilizer are as follows:
Before eggplant is colonized 1 week, it is manured into soil using Special slow release fertilizer as base fertilizer, amount of application 75kg667m-2, dedicated slow
Release fertile uniformly apply in the soil that depth is 20cm-30cm.
Each stage of eggplant growth does not need application fertilizer afterwards；
In eggplant Post flowering to four eggplant fruit setting normal managements.
The slow-release fertilizer is such as not run out for 1 year upon mixing, then has been failed, and preparation should be re-mixed.
Waste --- straw of the present invention according to North China's agricultural planting structure feature, after efficiently using corn planting
Stalk, stalk are a kind of important living resources rich in substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters.Stalk carries out height under anaerobic
Warm cracking, obtained carbonization stalk is a kind of solid, porous particles substance with height aromatization, rich in carbon, it contains
There are a large amount of carbon and mineral element substance, contain more contain with pore structure abundant, biggish specific surface area and surface
The features such as oxygen activity group has improvement soil, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.Currently, existing fraction application, but
Use still in Fertilizer special for eggplant material.
The characteristics of present invention lacks phosphorus rich potassium according to nitrogen stress in North China's eggplant growing area soil nutrient, by specifically changing
Fertile preparation method, the demand that the slow-release fertilizer of preparation is able to satisfy nutrient in the entire growth period of eggplant are conducive to improve the yield of eggplant
With quality.
The Conventional urea that the present invention uses is granular urea, and particle diameter is greater than 2 millimeters or more, content 46%.It uses
Calcium superphosphate is powdery, content 12%.Ratio are as follows: N:P2O5:K2O=15:42:0。
The bio-bacterial manure pulvis that the present invention uses uses ER-CN microbial inoculum, this is to lead to crop with the vital movement of microorganism
A kind of product of specific fertilizer effect is obtained, is the one kind for using fertilizer in agricultural production.ER-CN microbial inoculum is living body fertilizer, it
Effect rely primarily on a large amount of beneficial microorganism vital movements that it contains to complete.Soil environment can be improved, promote eggplant
Son absorbs nutrient, improves the quality of eggplant.
The fulvic acid that the present invention uses is a plant growth regulators, can promote plant growth, has important work to drought resisting
With plant stress-resistance ability can be improved, volume increase and improving quality effect.
The trace-element fertilizer that the present invention uses, including boric acid, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, ferric sulfate,
Selenium fertilizer, boron are that eggplant grows necessary microelement, have important adjustment effect to the physiological function of eggplant, boron participates in protein
Metabolism, alkaloid synthesis, matter transportation, can be improved soluble solid, protein, the carotenoid content in eggplant fruit,
The yield of eggplant can be obviously increased by applying boron.
Molybdenum is that eggplant grows necessary microelement, be azotase and nitrate reductase in eggplant body important composition at
Point, and the reaction that nitrate-nitrogen reduction is ammonium is participated in, promote the metabolism of nitrogen in plant.Molybdenum is conducive to stabilize and increase blade and blade green
Cellulose content promotes photosynthesis, is conducive to the formation and conversion of glucide.
Zinc is that eggplant grows necessary microelement, and zinc can increase SOD activity in blade, it is free to mitigate eggplant receptor 1 activity oxygen
The injury of base；In addition, may additionally facilitate eggplant root, stem and leaf harmonic growth, eggplant yield is improved, improves flavor quality.
Manganese is that eggplant grows necessary microelement, and manganese directly participates in photosynthesis, can promote the life of eggplant leaf and stem
It is long, increase the dry matter weight of eggplant nutrient growth.
Copper is that eggplant grows necessary microelement, participates in eggplant vivo oxidation reduction reaction and respiration, has and increase
The effect of strong plant resistance.
Iron is the important composition substance of the enzyme of plant aerobic respiration, so iron participates in respiration, it is plant energy metabolism
Important substance, iron deficiency influence physiologically active of plant, also influence Nutrient Absorption.
Selenium is a kind of trace mineral element needed by human, is found in soil, and human body itself cannot synthesize selenium, and selenium
Biological half-life be 2 weeks or sos, metabolism in vivo is mutually expressed one's gratification, and is constantly absorbed and is discharged, so the continuous selenium-supply of human body needs.With
Achieve the purpose that disease-resistant, anti-aging.
Scientific circles are the study found that Se content in regional a food and soil is high, the morbidity and mortality of cancer
With regard to low, conversely, the cancer morbidity and the death rate in this area are just high, the fact illustrates that selenium and cancer have close pass
System.It is " king of anticancer " in body trace element that scientific circles, which also identify selenium, simultaneously.
The technical maturity of above-mentioned raw material production, price is lower, from a wealth of sources, is suitable for extensive buying.
The present invention uses the amount of application of slow-release fertilizer for 75kg667m-2, more similar applying quantity of chemical fertilizer reduces, and reduction is produced into
Sheet and workload.
The present invention use the method for administration of slow-release fertilizer for uniformly apply depth be in the soil of 20cm-30cm, in operation
It during ploughing while can be manured into soil using rotary cultivator in the process, reduce the workload being administered alone.
The present invention uses the method for administration of slow-release fertilizer, does not need to apply fertilizer again after applied once, reduction is produced into
Sheet and workload reduce the influence to environment.
The implementation of technology through the invention reduces the amount of application of chemical fertilizer.The yield and quality of eggplant can be significantly improved,
Make 20% or more the output increased of eggplant, soluble solid, soluble protein, Vitamin C content improve 20% or more.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of the special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, comprising the following steps:
Novel sustained release fertilizer is prepared before S1, the field planting of eggplant seedling, as one of raw material of slow-release fertilizer, choosing after corn straw smashing is carbonized
Take corn straw smashing at length be less than 5cm segment, dried under fine day sunlight, make its water content drop to 8% with
Under；Corn stover after drying is placed in retort, is carbonized at a high temperature of 600 DEG C, is completed after 1.5 hours；It will
Corn stover cooled to room temperature after carbonization, milled 60 mesh are spare.
S2, it is investigated by the soil nutrient to the multiple eggplants in North China plantation area, the content of analysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is bright
The really formula of slow-release fertilizer chooses 10 parts of corn stover, urea (CO (NH2)2) 2 parts, calcium superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2) 9 parts,
5 parts of bio-bacterial manure pulvis, 15 parts of decomposed cow dung, 1 part of fulvic acid, 1 part of microelement agent, 5 parts of starch, 5 parts of water mixing；Stirring is equal
It is granulated after even.
The microelement agent includes 0.3 part of boric acid, 0.3 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid
0.1 part of copper, 0.1 part of ferric sulfate, 0.1 part of selenium fertilizer.
S3, select corncob as biological mass shell coating agent, being analyzed its chemical constituent is mainly, crude fibre 61.5%, wood
Quality 28%, the corncob after choosing threshing crush after drying in the sun, and the coating agent that partial size is 40 mesh is made.Bonding agent choosing
With the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of concentration 6.0%.
The parent nucleus for choosing uniform particle sizes pours into rotary drum sugar-coat coating machine, and temperature is set as 25 DEG C, sprays on parent nucleus
Adhesive, binder dosage are 40 ml of every 1 kilogram of parent nucleus, a certain amount of corncob coating agent are added in rotary drum, simultaneously
Spray adhesive, make material roll granulating, be repeated several times, until by all carbonization rice husks package finish, partial size 2mm-3mm it
Between, coating agent is accounted for by the 15% of package parent nucleus weight.Up to product.
The fertilizer obtained using S1-S3 step is detected, is calculated by weight, nutrient content ratio in slow-release fertilizer are as follows: N:
P2O5:K2O=12:35:0.The slow-release fertilizer parent nucleus is granulated, parent nucleus is uniformly wrapped up by corncob by being sufficiently mixed.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of the special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, comprising the following steps:
Novel sustained release fertilizer is prepared before S1, the field planting of eggplant seedling, as one of raw material of slow-release fertilizer, choosing after corn straw smashing is carbonized
Take corn straw smashing at length be less than 5cm segment, dried under fine day sunlight, make its water content drop to 12% with
Under；Corn stover after drying is placed in retort, is carbonized at a high temperature of 600 DEG C, is completed after 2.5 hours；It will
Corn stover cooled to room temperature after carbonization, milled 60 mesh are spare.
S2, it is investigated by the soil nutrient to the multiple eggplants in North China plantation area, the content of analysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is bright
The really formula of slow-release fertilizer chooses 50 parts of corn stover, urea (CO (NH2)2) 2 parts, calcium superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2) 15 parts,
10 parts of bio-bacterial manure pulvis, 25 parts of decomposed cow dung, 10 parts of fulvic acid, 3 parts of microelement agent, 15 parts of starch, 15 parts of water mixing；It stirs
It is granulated after mixing uniformly.
The microelement agent includes 0.7 part of boric acid, 0.7 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid
0.3 part of copper, 0.3 part of ferric sulfate, 0.3 part of selenium fertilizer.
S3, select corncob as biological mass shell coating agent, being analyzed its chemical constituent is mainly, crude fibre 61.5%, wood
Quality 28%, the corncob after choosing threshing crush after drying in the sun, and the coating agent that partial size is 40 mesh is made.Bonding agent choosing
With the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of concentration 6.0%.
The parent nucleus for choosing uniform particle sizes pours into rotary drum sugar-coat coating machine, and temperature is set as 35 DEG C, sprays on parent nucleus
Adhesive, binder dosage are 60 ml of every 1 kilogram of parent nucleus, a certain amount of corncob coating agent are added in rotary drum, simultaneously
Spray adhesive, make material roll granulating, be repeated several times, until by all carbonization rice husks package finish, partial size 2mm-3mm it
Between, coating agent is accounted for by the 25% of package parent nucleus weight.Up to product.
The fertilizer obtained using S1-S3 step is detected, is calculated by weight, nutrient content ratio in slow-release fertilizer are as follows: N:
P2O5:K2O=17:45:0.The slow-release fertilizer parent nucleus is granulated, parent nucleus is uniformly wrapped up by corncob by being sufficiently mixed.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of the special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, comprising the following steps:
Novel sustained release fertilizer is prepared before S1, the field planting of eggplant seedling, as one of raw material of slow-release fertilizer, choosing after corn straw smashing is carbonized
Take corn straw smashing at length be less than 5cm segment, dried under fine day sunlight, make its water content drop to 10% with
Under；Corn stover after drying is placed in retort, is carbonized at a high temperature of 600 DEG C, is completed after 2 hours；By carbon
Corn stover cooled to room temperature after change, milled 60 mesh are spare.
S2, it is investigated by the soil nutrient to the multiple eggplants in North China plantation area, the content of analysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is bright
The really formula of slow-release fertilizer chooses 30 parts of corn stover, urea (CO (NH2)2) 1.5 parts, calcium superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2) 12
Part, 8 parts of bio-bacterial manure pulvis, 20 parts of decomposed cow dung, 7 parts of fulvic acid, 2 parts of microelement agent, 10 parts of starch, 10 parts of water mixing；
It is granulated after mixing evenly.
The microelement agent includes 0.6 part of boric acid, 0.4 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid
0.2 part of copper, 0.3 part of ferric sulfate, 0.1 part of selenium fertilizer.
S3, select corncob as biological mass shell coating agent, being analyzed its chemical constituent is mainly, crude fibre 61.5%, wood
Quality 28%, the corncob after choosing threshing crush after drying in the sun, and the coating agent that partial size is 40 mesh is made.Bonding agent choosing
With the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of concentration 6.0%.
The parent nucleus for choosing uniform particle sizes pours into rotary drum sugar-coat coating machine, and temperature is set as 30 DEG C, sprays on parent nucleus
Adhesive, binder dosage are 50 ml of every 1 kilogram of parent nucleus, a certain amount of corncob coating agent are added in rotary drum, simultaneously
Spray adhesive, make material roll granulating, be repeated several times, until by all carbonization rice husks package finish, partial size 2mm-3mm it
Between, coating agent is accounted for by the 20% of package parent nucleus weight.Up to product.
The fertilizer obtained using S1-S3 step is detected, is calculated by weight, nutrient content ratio in slow-release fertilizer are as follows: N:
P2O5:K2O=15:40:0.The slow-release fertilizer parent nucleus is granulated, parent nucleus is uniformly wrapped up by corncob by being sufficiently mixed.
Embodiment 5
A kind of preparation method of the special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, comprising the following steps:
Novel sustained release fertilizer is prepared before S1, the field planting of eggplant seedling, as one of raw material of slow-release fertilizer, choosing after corn straw smashing is carbonized
Take corn straw smashing at length be less than 5cm segment, dried under fine day sunlight, make its water content drop to 12 with
Under；Corn stover after drying is placed in retort, is carbonized at a high temperature of 600 DEG C, is completed after 2.5 hours；It will
Corn stover cooled to room temperature after carbonization, milled 60 mesh are spare.
S2, it is investigated by the soil nutrient to the multiple eggplants in North China plantation area, the content of analysis nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is bright
The really formula of slow-release fertilizer chooses 40 parts of corn stover, urea (CO (NH2)2) 1 part, calcium superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2) 13 parts,
8 parts of bio-bacterial manure pulvis, 17 parts of decomposed cow dung, 6 parts of fulvic acid, 2 parts of microelement agent, 12 parts of starch, 12 parts of water mixing；Stirring
It is granulated after uniformly.
The microelement agent includes 0.6 part of boric acid, 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid
0.1 part of copper, 0.3 part of ferric sulfate, 0.1 part of selenium fertilizer.
S3, select corncob as biological mass shell coating agent, being analyzed its chemical constituent is mainly, crude fibre 61.5%, wood
Quality 28%, the corncob after choosing threshing crush after drying in the sun, and the coating agent that partial size is 40 mesh is made.Bonding agent choosing
With the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of concentration 6.0%.
The parent nucleus for choosing uniform particle sizes pours into rotary drum sugar-coat coating machine, and temperature is set as 35 DEG C, sprays on parent nucleus
Adhesive, binder dosage are 55 ml of every 1 kilogram of parent nucleus, a certain amount of corncob coating agent are added in rotary drum, simultaneously
Spray adhesive, make material roll granulating, be repeated several times, until by all carbonization rice husks package finish, partial size 2mm-3mm it
Between, coating agent is accounted for by the 25% of package parent nucleus weight.Up to product.
The fertilizer obtained using S1-S3 step is detected, is calculated by weight, nutrient content ratio in slow-release fertilizer are as follows: N:
P2O5:K2O=14:38:0.The slow-release fertilizer parent nucleus is granulated, parent nucleus is uniformly wrapped up by corncob by being sufficiently mixed.
Application examples 1
The soil of the eggplants growing areas such as Datong, Xinzhou City, Taiyuan City, Jinzhong City, Changzhi City, Yuncheng is chosen in Shanxi Province
Nutrient content analysis is carried out, see Table 1 for details.
Table 1
| Place | Base nitrogen (mgkg-1) | Available phosphorus (mgkg-1) | Available potassium (mgkg-1) |
| Datong | 58.3 | 5.08 | 165 |
| Xinzhou City | 210 | 5.0 | 327 |
| Taiyuan City | 28.8 | 5.11 | 115 |
| Jinzhong City | 62.6 | 7.00 | 198 |
| Changzhi City | 11.9 | 22.6 | 286 |
| Yuncheng | 70.3 | 18.7 | 181 |
From 1 data of table it can be found that base nitrogen content is in 11.9 mg kg in selected each place-1-70.3 mg•kg-1It
Between, available phosphorus is lower in 5.0 mg kg-1-22.6 mg•kg-1Between, the content of potassium is higher, in 115 mg kg-1-327 mg•
kg-1, therefore lack nitrogen, phosphorus in soil in general, nitrogen, phosphorus, Shaoshi potash fertilizer should be supplemented.
The application example makees 2 processing, respectively handles 1, processing 2, wherein processing 2 is control group.
The processing includes the following steps:
Eggplant Varieties selected by application examples are " Shanxi eggplant No. 1205 ".2016,2017 in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province Dongyang Zhen Shan
It is carried out in western Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences's experiment and demonstration base.Eggplant uses hole plate seedling growth method, and seedling raise period is annual mid-February.
The fertilizer that application examples processing 1 is selected are as follows: eggplant seedling configures novel slow according to method in embodiment 1 before being colonized
Release fertilizer.
The fertilizer that control group processing 2 is selected is sheep dung and nitrophosphate fertilizer, and sheep dung is bought in Dongyang town, Phosphate Fertilizer Production factory
For Shanxi chemical fertilizer factory, ingredient N:P2O5:K2O=26.5:11.5:0, every bag of 50kg.
Test requirements document mode:
The test fertilizer of 1 application embodiment 1 of processing, uses 75kg per acre, does base fertilizer application, the time of infertility no longer top dressing.
2 application nitrophosphate fertilizer (CK) of processing is base fertilizer application, big bell mouth stage mu top dressing 40kg per acre with 1 bag.
Specific processing is as follows:
Processing 1: it is colonized first 1 week in eggplant, novel sustained release fertilizer made from embodiment 1 is done into base fertilizer application, dosage 75kg
667m-2, depth is 20 cm -30 cm, the time of infertility no longer top dressing；
Processing 2: being colonized first 1 week in eggplant, sheep dung and nitrophosphate fertilizer is done base fertilizer application, sheep dung dosage is 15m3·667m-2, nitre
Sour Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are 50kg667m-2, depth is 20 cm -30 cm, is bloomed later in eggplant to four eggplant fruit settings, every 10
It, it is primary to impose nitrophosphate fertilizer, each 10kg667m-2.Top dressing 4 times altogether.
Remaining management is all the same.
After fruit maturation, per plant number, single fruit weight, single plant yield, fruit soluble solids content (refractometer are measured
Method), content of soluble protein (Coomassie Brilliant Blue), Vitamin C content (fluorescence method), content of cellulose (spectrophotometer
Method).Concrete condition is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
| Processing | Processing 1 | Processing 2 |
| Per plant number | 7 | 7 |
| Single fruit weight (kg) | 1.3 | 1.05 |
| Single plant yield (kg) | 9.1 | 7.35 |
| Soluble solid content (%) | 0.015 | 0.012 |
| Content of soluble protein (mgg-1) | 3.2 | 2.647 |
| Vitamin C content (mgkg-1) | 10.214 | 8.447 |
| Content of cellulose (gg-1) | 0.021 | 0.026 |
From table 2 it can be seen that processing 1 is identical as the per plant number of processing 2, it is 7 fruits, but single fruit weight differs greatly,
It handles 1 single fruit to weigh 1.4kg, 2 single fruits of processing weigh 1.1kg；The single plant yield of processing 1 reaches 9.8kg, and processing 2 reaches 7.7kg, place
The amplification compared with handling 2 of reason 1 handles 1 soluble solid content, content of soluble protein, vitamin C and contains up to 24%
Amount relatively processing 2 is high, and for amplification up to 20% or more, content of cellulose relatively processing 2 is low, decreases by 23%.Through data analysis find processing 1 compared with
Handle 2 yield, quality is improved 20% or more.
The present invention is not limited by embodiment illustrated herein, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and novelty
The consistent widest range of feature.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of the special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, which comprises the following steps:
S1, corn straw smashing is chosen into segment, after drying, be carbonized 1.5-2.5 hour, be cooled to room temperature under the conditions of 600 DEG C,
Milled 60 mesh is spare；
S2, by 10-50 parts of corn stover, urea (CO (NH2)2) 1-2 parts, calcium superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4)2) 9-15 parts, biological bacteria
Fertile pulvis 5-10 parts, 15-25 parts of decomposed cow dung, 1-10 parts of fulvic acid, 1-3 parts of microelement agent, 5-15 parts of starch, 5-15 parts of water
Mixing；It is granulated after mixing evenly, it is spare as parent nucleus；
Corncob after S3, selection threshing crushes after drying, and the coating agent that partial size is 40-80 mesh is made, selects concentration 6.0%
Polyvinyl alcohol water solution is as bonding agent；
S4, the parent nucleus for choosing uniform particle sizes pour into rotary drum sugar-coat coating machine, and temperature is set as 25-35 DEG C, sprays on parent nucleus
Spill adhesive, every 1 kilogram of parent nucleus 40-60ml adhesive is added coating agent, while spray adhesive in rotary drum, rolls material
Dynamic granulating, is repeated several times, and finishes until by all carbonization rice husks package to get product.
2. a kind of preparation method of special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The microelement agent includes 0.3-0.7 parts of boric acid, 0.3-0.7 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.1-0.3 parts of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate 0.1-0.3
Part, 0.1-0.3 parts of copper sulphate, 0.1-0.3 parts of ferric sulfate, 0.1-0.3 parts of selenium fertilizer.
3. a kind of preparation method suitable for North China's Fertilizer special for eggplant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State the granular urea that the urea that step S2 is used is greater than 2 millimeters for particle diameter, content 40-50%.
4. a kind of preparation method suitable for North China's Fertilizer special for eggplant as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The calcium superphosphate that step S2 is used is powdery, content 12%.
5. a kind of preparation method suitable for North China's Fertilizer special for eggplant as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The bio-bacterial manure pulvis that step S2 is selected is ER-CN microbial inoculum, and living bacteria count is greater than 200,000,000/gram.
6. a kind of Fertilizer special for eggplant suitable for North China as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the coating agent makes
Dosage is by the 15-30% of package parent nucleus weight.
7. a kind of use the special fertilizer for being suitable for North China's eggplant made from claim 1-6 either method.
8. a kind of application method of the special fertilizer suitable for North China's eggplant, which is characterized in that
Before eggplant is colonized 1 week, applied in the soil that depth is 20cm-30cm using special fertilizer as base fertilizer；
Each stage of eggplant growth does not need application fertilizer afterwards.
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