CN112790030A - Method for regulating and controlling broomcorn millet florescence under short-day condition - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling broomcorn millet florescence under short-day condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the broomcorn millet florescence under the condition of short sunshine, when the broomcorn millet sprouts out of the earth and exposes the tip, the broomcorn millet is lighted by a iodine-tungsten lamp from 23 o 'clock at night to 6 o' clock at the next day, and the broomcorn millet is continuously lighted for 20-25 d; 5-7 block groups are wide and spaced, the lamp source length and spacing is 15-20m, the lamp source height is 4-5m, and the lamp sources irradiate the planting field oppositely in 5-7 block groups. Through three years of exploration, an ideal iodine-tungsten lamp electric power light source is found to prolong the sunshine duration, three key technical points of proper light duration and space distance between light sources are determined, and the problems that the generation of broom corn millet in Hainan san winter is too early to enter the flowering starting stage, and then the broom corn millet is differentiated into a flower primordium to rapidly sprout and bloom, and the basic morphological requirements of broom corn millet breeding and sexual hybridization cannot be met are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling the florescence of broom corn millet under a short-day condition.
Background
At present, the technology of sexual hybridization breeding among parents is still a main method for breeding new varieties of various crops, the hybridization breeding needs 6-7 generation cycles from the selection of the parents to the stable phenotype, and in addition, the later-stage strain identification, comparison, regional test and production test require at least about 10 years for breeding an ideal variety which is suitable for social needs, and the breeding progress is far behind the market demand of varieties with diversified purposes. In winter, natural conditions of sufficient photo-heat in south China's Hainan are utilized to carry out breeding material generation-adding, so that the breeding period can be greatly shortened, and the rapid cultivation and germplasm resource innovation of new varieties are promoted. Therefore, the method for breeding and generation-increasing in south China Hainan winter is one of the main ways for shortening the breeding years at present.
Short-day crops are those which can flower in a day-night period of 24h with a length of day shorter than a certain number of hours, and suitable prolonged illumination can suppress or delay flowering, whereas suitable prolonged darkness or shortened illumination can promote or advance flowering.
Broom corn millet is typical short-day crops, is extremely sensitive to light temperature, and the transformation of vegetative growth into reproductive growth is mainly induced by photoperiod, but the day-night time difference is smaller in seasonal variation in the typical short-day natural environment of Hainan. The broom corn millet is transplanted from a high latitude northern area to a low latitude Hainan three-third area in China, the growth period is obviously shortened, the phenomenon of early heading and blooming appears, most importantly, phenotypic characters such as plant height and the like cannot be fully expressed, and the progress of various work of sexual hybridization and breeding of the broom corn millet is seriously influenced. The method specifically comprises the following steps: after the broom corn millet emerges from the soil and emerges from the buds, the broom corn millet is induced to enter a flowering starting stage by the light and the temperature within 5-7 days, and the shoot tip meristem differentiates to form a floral primordium. The phenomenon of heading and flowering of different germplasms after 10-15 days of bud exposure occurs, the vegetative growth stage is extremely short, the broom corn millet internodes basically do not grow in an extending way, the plant height threshold is 38-52cm, the main agronomic characters cannot be completely expressed, excellent lines are difficult to select, basic work such as cross pollination is difficult to perform, and the goal of south propagation cannot be achieved. At present, no report is found in domestic research on regulating and controlling the florescence of broom corn millet under the short-day condition in Hainan.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the applicant determines a method for regulating and controlling the broomcorn florescence of broomcorn under the condition of Hainan trilong sunshine by using a tungsten-iodine lamp through 3 years of exploration, determines the core problems of the suitable light source, the light duration and the relative space distance between the light sources which influence the light efficiency, and effectively solves the problems that the broomcorn is early in the flowering starting stage after the generation is added in Hainan trilong winter, and then the broomcorn primordium is rapidly spilt and blooms, and the basic morphological requirements of broomcorn breeding and sexual hybridization cannot be met.
Based on the photoperiod induction principle that the flowering of short-day crops can be delayed by properly shortening darkness or prolonging sunshine, the inventor explores that the iodine-tungsten lamp with the power of 500 plus 1000 watts is used for lighting at night through lighting research, effectively prolongs the vegetative growth stage of broom corn millet, increases the height of broom corn millet plants, and meets the basic agronomic characteristic requirements of selective breeding and sexual hybridization in south-Hainan reproduction and generations after the flowering period is shortened.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the broomcorn millet florescence under the condition of short sunshine, when the broomcorn millet sprouts out of the earth and exposes the tip, the broomcorn millet is lighted by a iodine-tungsten lamp from 23 o 'clock at night to 6 o' clock at the next day, and the broomcorn millet is continuously lighted for 20-25 d; 5-7 block groups are wide and spaced, the lamp source length and spacing is 15-20m, the lamp source height is 4-5m, and the lamp sources irradiate the planting field oppositely in 5-7 block groups.
Preferably, the block width is 2.0-2.5m, and a 30-50cm walkway is left between blocks.
Preferably, the iodine tungsten lamp is 500w or 1000 w.
Preferably, each iodine-tungsten lamp is arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the irradiation lamp holder of the iodine-tungsten lamp is inclined downwards by 35-50 degrees horizontally.
Preferably, the broom corn millet is sowed by using the broom corn millet sowing row spacing of 30cm width and the block width as the sowing row length.
According to the invention, the flowering of the short-day crops can be inhibited or delayed according to proper prolonged illumination, so that sufficient time is provided for the vegetative growth of the crops, and the phenotype is relatively fully expressed, so that the basic requirements of breeding and sexual hybridization under the short-day condition of broom corn millet Hainan are met. Meanwhile, the progress of promoting breeding by fully utilizing the natural resources of photo-thermal agriculture in winter under the condition of three-short sunshine in Hainan is realized. Through three years of exploration, an ideal iodine-tungsten lamp electric power light source is found to prolong the sunshine duration, three key technical points of proper light duration and space distance between light sources are determined, and the problems that the generation of broom corn millet in Hainan san winter is too early to enter the flowering starting stage, and then the broom corn millet is differentiated into a flower primordium to rapidly sprout and bloom, and the basic morphological requirements of broom corn millet breeding and sexual hybridization cannot be met are solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows pot culture and light-up tests of broom corn millet from 11 months to 2016 and 1 month.
Fig. 2 shows the field broom corn millet lighting test from 2016 to 2017 in 1 month.
Fig. 3 shows a large-area field glazing test of broom corn millet in 11 months to 2018 months in 2017.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
A method for regulating and controlling the broomcorn millet florescence under the short-day condition comprises the following steps:
1. dividing the planting field into blocks: square (rectangle, square) blocks are selected as far as possible to be flat and open, the blocks are divided into blocks with the width of 2.0-2.5m and the length of unlimited (determined according to the length of the blocks), and a walkway with the length of 30-50cm is reserved between the blocks, so that the field operation and ditching irrigation are facilitated.
2. Preparing materials: the telescopic rod consists of a fixed steel pipe and a telescopic steel pipe (the diameter is 3cm, the height is 4 m; the diameter is 2.5cm, the height is 1-2 m), a halogen lamp (500 w or 1000 w) fixed on the lamp bracket, and an anti-weathering wire (the length is determined according to the actual power interface and the perimeter of the land).
3. Connecting an iodine tungsten lamp: the purchased iodine tungsten lamp is connected with the weathering prevention wire.
4. The telescopic link is connected with the irradiation lamp: the top of each telescopic rod is provided with a tungsten-iodine lamp in a parallel connection mode, namely, a lamp holder is connected with the top of the telescopic rod, and then the lamp holder is inclined downwards by 35-50 degrees along the direction of the irradiation lamp holder, so that the light source can irradiate the planting field in the largest area conveniently.
5. The telescopic rod is fixed: in the broom corn millet planting field, 5-7 block widths are taken as the width distance of each light source, the length distance of the light sources is 15-20m, 30-50cm soil pits are dug at the edge of a walkway or a cement pier fixing device is manufactured, a telescopic rod is adjusted to be 4-5m away from the ground, the telescopic rod is fixed around the broom corn millet planting field, the telescopic rod horizontally inclines downwards by 35-50 degrees along the direction of an irradiation lamp holder, and the planting field is irradiated with 5-7 block widths in opposite directions;
5. and (3) sowing broom corn millet: taking 30cm width as broom corn millet sowing row spacing, taking block width as row length, opening 3-5cm deep sowing grooves, uniformly scattering seeds in the grooves, and leveling the land surface layer;
6. polishing broom corn millet: and (3) completing sowing, turning on a switch every 23h after the broomcorn millet sprouts out of the earth and exposes to the tip (5-6 d after sowing), lighting until the time is 6h earlier than the next day, stopping lighting after 20-25d, enabling the broomcorn millet to have a rapid vegetative growth period in the period, enabling internodes to stretch, gradually starting ear-sucking after 5-7d, starting flowering after 1-3d of ear-sucking, and being suitable for artificial sexual hybridization of the broomcorn millet during the flowering period. The nutritional growth stage of the broom corn millet is prolonged by 25-27 days without adding light, the height of the broom corn millet can reach 70-110cm, and the requirements of south breeding work are completely met.
7. Selecting and harvesting broom corn millet phenotype: the heading to maturity period (30-35 d) is a key stage of broom corn millet breeding work, the phenotype of the broom corn millet is basically completely expressed, related strains can be selected according to breeding targets and work needs, and target strains with full seeds and high single plant yield can be obtained after maturation.
Example 1
The coarse cereal subject group from 11 months to 2016 years adopts a pot culture method to carry out broom corn millet lighting tests in the Hainan triloba area, so that the growth period of the broom corn millet is prolonged, but the lighting time is short, the space distance of a lighting light source is unreasonable, the effect is not ideal, but the height of the broom corn millet is obviously changed without lighting, and the broom corn millet is shown in an attached figure 1.
The specific setting method of the light adding time and the light adding light source space distance comprises the following steps: and (3) after the broomcorn millet seedlings emerge, a 1000-watt iodine-tungsten lamp is adopted, light is added from 12h every night to 5h every next day, the distance between a light source and the ground is 2.6m, and the light addition is stopped after 15 d.
Fig. 1 shows pot culture and light-up tests of broom corn millet from 11 months to 2016 and 1 month. A shows the light addition starting on the 9 th day after sowing, and B shows the heading starting of a part of plants and the plant height of 45-50 cm.
In 2015 11-2016 1, 6 cultivars of Kyoto-ju, Jinmi No. 7, Zhang778 yellow and Hui soft rice are potted and sowed for a lighting test, and the growth period is prolonged by 13-18 days.
The group of miscellaneous food between 11 months and 2017 months in 2016 has carried out broom corn millet 300m in the area of Jiangyang in Hainan2In the light adding test, the light adding time and the light source space distance are adjusted to achieve a more ideal effect, which is shown in an attached figure 2.
The specific setting method of the light adding time and the light adding light source space distance comprises the following steps: and (3) after seedlings emerge and tips are exposed, adding light for 10h to 6h every night to the next day, wherein the length and the width between light sources are 15m and 8m respectively, the distance from the ground is 4.0m, adding light for 20d, and stopping adding light.
Fig. 2 shows the field broom corn millet light test from 2016 to 2017 in 1 month (the height of human body is 171cm, and the height of broom corn millet plants reaches 100 cm).
Enlargement of area from 11 months in 2017 to 1 month in 2018, carried out for about 1300 m2(about two mu of the planted field) tests further verify the results in the last year and obtain ideal effects, which is shown in figure 3.
Fig. 3 shows a large-area field light-up test of broom corn millet from 11 months to 1 month in 2017 to 2018 (in the figure, the height of broom corn millet plants in the heading and flowering period is 70cm-110cm, the plant height difference is mainly caused by the genotype difference of different broom corn millet germplasms, and the influence of environmental factors on light is small).
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
1. dividing the planting field into blocks: selecting a flat open square (the square comprises a rectangle and an irregular square, and actually adjusting according to the width of a cell and the length of a land block when dividing the cell), wherein the length of the land block is 32m, the land block consists of 3 land blocks with different widths of 17m, 12m and 12m, and according to the total width of the land block, the 3 planting land blocks are divided into planting belts consisting of 7, 5 and 5 2.0m wide area groups respectively, the length of the planting belts is 32m, 40cm walkways are reserved among the area groups, and the land block is convenient for field operation and ditching irrigation.
2. Preparing materials: 18 telescopic rods (a fixed steel pipe with the diameter of 3cm and the height of 4 m; a telescopic steel pipe with the diameter of 2.5cm and the height of 1-2 m), 18 iodine-tungsten lamps (500 w) and 270m anti-weathering wires.
3. Connecting an iodine tungsten lamp: the purchased iodine tungsten lamp is connected with the weathering prevention wire.
4. The telescopic link is connected with the irradiation lamp: the telescopic rods are adjusted to be 5m high, a tungsten-iodine lamp is arranged at the top of each telescopic rod in a parallel connection mode, and the irradiation lamp groove is inclined downwards by 45 degrees.
5. The telescopic rod is fixed: in the broom corn millet planting field, 7 (16 m), 5 (12 m) and 5 (12 m) block widths are used as the space between every two light sources, the space between the light sources is 16m, 50cm soil pits are dug at the edge of a walkway, telescopic rods are inserted into the pits and tamped, the distance between the light sources and the ground is 4.5m, the light sources are fixed around the broom corn millet planting field by 16m in length, 12m (5 block widths) and 16m (7 block widths), and lamp holders are inclined downwards horizontally by 45 degrees and irradiate the planting field in opposite directions.
5. And (3) sowing broom corn millet: using 30cm width as broom corn millet sowing row spacing, using block width as row length, making 5cm deep sowing groove, uniformly scattering seeds in the groove, and leveling land surface layer.
6. Polishing broom corn millet: and (3) completing sowing, turning on a switch every 23h after the broomcorn millet sprouts to come out of the earth and expose the tip (5 d after sowing), lighting for 6h next day, stopping lighting after 21d, enabling the broomcorn millet to have an exponential vegetative growth period, rapidly extending internode, gradually starting ear-drawing after 5-7d for different varieties of broomcorn millet, and performing artificial sexual hybridization during the ear-drawing period for 5-7 d. The nutritional growth stage of the broom corn millet is prolonged by 25-27 days without adding light, the height of the broom corn millet can reach 70-100cm, the height of the broom corn millet is 40-60cm higher than that of the broom corn millet without adding light, and the requirements of south breeding work are completely met.
7. Selecting and harvesting broom corn millet phenotype: the heading to mature period (30-35 d) is the key stage of broom corn millet breeding work, the broom corn millet phenotype is basically and completely expressed, the applicant selects offspring strains between 65-80d after sowing, and the strains with full seeds, high single plant yield and ideal target characters are obtained.
From 11 months to 1 month in 2018 in 2017, black soft millet, red millet No. 2, Zhang778 yellow, black millet, Gudu white, Huinong yellow glutinous millet, red broom corn millet, jin Pan No. 8, red millet No. 1, small red soft gruel, grey soft gruel, Zhang 778 black, Long gruel No. 5, jin Pan No. 4, Standard flag sauce yellow millet, red millet No. 2, purple stalk red millet, Yichong yellow gruel, elm No. 3-39, Long gruel No. 7, red millet No. 1, Long gruel No. 4, jin Pan No. 7 and Huining wild broom corn are planted as a nursery for artificial hybridization, and meanwhile, the parents are sown with F2, F3, high generation and intraspecific population materials, the growing period is prolonged by 25-31d, the plant height is increased to 71-102cm, and the plant height is increased by 32-53cm without light.
TABLE 1 partial parent material growth period and plant height variation without and with light
| Serial number | Name (R) | In 2014 without adding light growth period (d) | Growth period with light in 2018 (d) | In 2014, the plant height (cm) without adding light | Height of polished plant (cm) in 2018 |
| 1 | Zhang 778 yellow | 51 | 76 | 38.7 | 71.3 |
| 2 | White bone | 53 | 79 | 46.3 | 83.2 |
| 3 | Jin millet No. 8 | 55 | 81 | 43.8 | 87.3 |
| 4 | Yichou yellow rice | 59 | 82 | 51.2 | 101.3 |
| 5 | Red broom corn millet | 49 | 80 | 40.3 | 85.4 |
| 6 | Long Sha No. 7 | 55 | 84 | 48.4 | 100.7 |
| 7 | Huining broom corn millet | 45 | 72 | 39.1 | 75.3 |
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the broomcorn millet florescence under the condition of short sunshine is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the broom corn millet sprouts out of the earth and exposes the tip, using a tungsten iodine lamp to perform light irradiation from 23 o 'clock every night to 6 o' clock the next day, and continuously performing light irradiation for 20-25 d; 5-7 block groups are wide and spaced, the lamp source length and spacing is 15-20m, the lamp source height is 4-5m, and the lamp sources irradiate the planting field oppositely in 5-7 block groups.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the block width is 2.0-2.5m, and a 30-50cm walkway is reserved between blocks.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the iodine tungsten lamp is 500w or 1000 w.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and all the iodine-tungsten lamps are connected in parallel.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the irradiation lamp holder of the iodine-tungsten lamp is inclined downwards by 35-50 degrees horizontally.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and when the broom corn millet is sowed, sowing is carried out by taking the width of 30cm as the brooding line spacing of the broom corn millet and taking the block width as the sowing line length.
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