CN112779785A - 一种复合功能性表面活性剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种复合功能性表面活性剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN112779785A
CN112779785A CN202011610575.7A CN202011610575A CN112779785A CN 112779785 A CN112779785 A CN 112779785A CN 202011610575 A CN202011610575 A CN 202011610575A CN 112779785 A CN112779785 A CN 112779785A
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methyl glycine
functional surfactant
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吴德山
张瑞祥
张至祥
裴明霞
李滨
黄伟强
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Jiangmen Deshan Composites Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了复合功能性表面活性剂及其应用，所述复合功能性表面活性剂，按重量份计，包括以下组分：水性改性硅油20‑30份，N‑甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液30‑50份，甘油20‑30份，柠檬酸2‑5份，2,4‑二氯‑6‑(2‑氯代苯氨基)均三氮苯0.2‑1份。所述复合功能性表面活性剂具有良好的生物降解性和环境相容性，安全性高、刺激性小和低毒性，符合国家对食品安全性和生理安全性的规定；良好的生物降解性，在14天内的微生物降解率为80‑95％；良好的抗菌性能，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌具有＞99.9％的平均抗菌率，具有优异的抗菌效果。用途广泛，用于织物或加入树脂整理工作浴、纤维织物、日用化学品、制革行业、涂料的添加剂以及塑料添加剂和脱模剂。

Description

一种复合功能性表面活性剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于表面活性剂技术领域，具体涉及一种复合功能性表面活性剂及其应用。
背景技术
表面活性剂在整个人类生活中的应用非常广泛，从最初的作为洗涤剂原料延伸到国民经济的支柱产业和高新技术产业，如医药、润滑剂、化妆品等领域。氨基酸表面表面活性剂可起洗涤、乳化、发泡、湿润、浸透和分散等多种作用，随着生活水平的不断提高，人们的环保意识、对自身健康的保护意识越来强。LAS、AES、K12等传统的表面活性剂在生产和使用过程中，会产生硅油、二恶烷、致癌物质、生活污水的排放，且难生物降解，造成严重的环境污染问题。出于对环境保护和生物安全性的需要，开发和使用环境友好的表面活性剂日益受到世界各国的重视。
近年来，随着人民生活水平的提高和对环境保护要求的提高，人们对所使用的化学品的要求也越来越高，人们更加关注各类化学产品的安全性、温和性以及环境友好性，研究开发原料具有再生性、产品具有多功能和高质量的环境友好表面活性剂已成为表面活性剂工业的主要方向。特别是石油资源的危机，人们开始转向以天然可再生的植物资源为原料，开发一些新的表面活性剂，如：烷基多糖苷(APG)、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(MES)等。
氨基酸型表面活性剂属于环境友好、由生物物质为基础的氨基酸与脂肪醇或脂肪酸合成的表面活性剂，由于原料易得，合成方法相对容易，加之反应物又都是生物体的构成组分，易于生物降解和安全性好而获得了很大的发展。但国内在氨基酸表面活性剂研究、开发、应用方面与发达国家相比有相当差距。国内对该类产品的需求，仍靠从国外进口，价格高。另一方面，氨基酸型表面活性剂普遍抗菌效果不好，会限制其广泛应用。
因此很有必要在我国大力开展这方面的研究，开发适合我国国情的生产技术并扩大其应用范围，以满足国内日益扩大的市场需要。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种复合功能性表面活性剂。本发明的另一目的在于提供上述复合功能性表面活性剂的应用方法。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种复合功能性表面活性剂，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
Figure BDA0002871250410000011
Figure BDA0002871250410000021
进一步地，所述水性改性硅油的结构式如下：
Figure BDA0002871250410000022
其中，1≤m≤10，10≤n≤20，R1为亲水氨基侧链。
一种N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.向反应容器中，加入90g-120g，例如90g，100g，110g，120g的硅油，然后向反应器中加入60g-70g的N-甲基氨基乙酸盐、200g-500g的溶剂和0.3-0.4g催化剂，加热搅拌升温至200-220℃，进行脱水反应4-6小时；
S2.冷却至140-160℃，将反应液进行常压和减压蒸馏，除去溶剂；
S3.降温到90-110℃，向反应液中加入500-800g的水，将析出的固体溶解，静置分层水溶液，即得粗N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液；
S4.向粗N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液加酸酸化至pH＝3.5-4.0，未反应的N-甲基氨基乙酸盐生成N-甲基氨基乙酸析出；
S5.经抽滤除去N-甲基氨基乙酸，得到N-甲基氨基乙酸和盐溶液；
S6.经减压蒸馏、醇溶、中和等步骤，得N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液。
进一步地，所述N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂的固体含量为25-40％。
进一步地，所述N-甲基氨基乙酸盐选自N-甲基氨基乙酸钠、N-甲基氨基乙酸钾、N-甲基氨基乙酸钙中的任意一种，优选的为N-甲基氨基乙酸钠。
进一步地，S1中所述催化剂选自碳酸钾、沸石、碳酸钠、磷酸二氢钾中的一种或多种，优选的为碳酸钾。
进一步地，S1中所述溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、乙腈中的一种或多种。
进一步地，S1中所述酸为盐酸、硫酸中的任意一种。
一种上述复合功能性表面活性剂的应用，将所述复合功能性表面活性剂用于织物或加入树脂整理工作浴、纤维织物、日用化学品、制革行业、涂料的添加剂以及塑料添加剂和脱模剂。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明所述复合功能性表面活性剂具有良好的生物降解性和环境相容性，安全性高、刺激性小和低毒性，符合国家对食品安全性和生理安全性的规定；良好的生物降解性，在14天内的微生物降解率为80-95％；良好的良好的抗致病菌性能，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌具有＞99.9％的平均抗菌率，具有优异的抗菌效果。
(2)本发明所述的复合功能性表面活性剂为反应活性的非离子型表面活性剂，溶于水、醇、芳香烃、酒精、丙酮等。
(3)本发明所述的复合功能性表面活性剂用途广泛，能以水溶液形式单独用于织物或加入树脂整理工作浴中；适用于各种纤维织物，例如聚酯、尼龙、棉、涤棉、羊毛、人造丝等，能显著改善织物手感，抗静电，并可加强耐洗性和抗污性；可广泛用于日用化学品中，如各种膏剂、乳剂和洗发香波等；用于洗发香波洗，使头发松、软、富有光泽，可梳性好；用于制革行业，是高级皮革滑爽剂和涂饰剂的主要成份，赋于各种天然革面滑爽、光亮、柔软和舒适的手感等性能；作为各种涂料的优良添加剂，可提高涂料的流平性，使涂面平滑、光亮作为塑料添加剂和脱模剂等；可用作洗手液，洗手去污渍、杀菌，不伤手，能杀死治病病毒和细菌，特别对新冠病毒有一定的抑制作用，有效防止病毒的传播。
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明，现结合以下具体实施例做进一步说明，但是本发明不限于具体实施例。
实施例1
一种N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.向反应容器中，加入90g的硅油，然后向反应器中加入60g的N-甲基氨基乙酸钠、200g的甲醇和0.3g碳酸钾，加热搅拌升温至200℃，进行脱水反应4小时；
S2.冷却至140℃，将反应液进行常压和减压蒸馏，除去甲醇；
S3.降温到90℃，向反应液中加入500g的水，将析出的固体溶解，静置分层水溶液，即得粗N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液；
S4.向粗N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液加盐酸酸化至pH＝3.5，未反应的N-甲基氨基乙酸钠生成N-甲基氨基乙酸析出；
S5.经抽滤除去N-甲基氨基乙酸，得到N-甲基氨基乙酸和盐溶液；
S6.经减压蒸馏、醇溶、中和等步骤，得N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液。
实施例2
一种N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.向反应容器中，加入120g的硅油，然后向反应器中加入70g的N-甲基氨基乙酸钾、500g的乙醇和0.4g碳酸钠，加热搅拌升温至220℃，进行脱水反应6小时；
S2.冷却至160℃，将反应液进行常压和减压蒸馏，除去乙醇；
S3.降温到110℃，向反应液中加入800g的水，将析出的固体溶解，静置分层水溶液，即得粗N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液；
S4.向粗N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液加硫酸酸化至pH＝4.0，未反应的N-甲基氨基乙酸钾生成N-甲基氨基乙酸析出；
S5.经抽滤除去N-甲基氨基乙酸，得到N-甲基氨基乙酸和盐溶液；
S6.经减压蒸馏、醇溶、中和等步骤，得N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液。
实施例3
一种复合功能性表面活性剂，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
Figure BDA0002871250410000041
所述水性改性硅油的结构式为：
Figure BDA0002871250410000042
实施例4
一种复合功能性表面活性剂，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
Figure BDA0002871250410000043
Figure BDA0002871250410000051
所述水性改性硅油的结构式为：
Figure BDA0002871250410000052
实施例5
一种复合功能性表面活性剂，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
Figure BDA0002871250410000053
所述水性改性硅油的结构式为：
Figure BDA0002871250410000054
实施例6
一种复合功能性表面活性剂，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
Figure BDA0002871250410000055
所述水性改性硅油的结构式为：
Figure BDA0002871250410000061
对比例1：
一种表面活性剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.向反应容器中，加入90g的硅油，然后向反应器中加入200g的甲醇和0.3g碳酸钾，加热搅拌升温至200℃，进行脱水反应4小时；
S2.冷却至140℃，将反应液进行常压和减压蒸馏，除去甲醇；
S3.降温到90℃，向反应液中加入500g的水，将析出的固体溶解，静置分层水溶液，即得粗表面活性剂溶液；
S4.向粗表面活性剂溶液加盐酸酸化至pH＝3.5；
S5.经减压蒸馏、醇溶、中和等步骤，得表面活性剂溶液。
性能测试：
1.根据我国国家标准《GB/T 21510—2008》对实施例1-4和对比例1的表面活性剂进行抗菌性能测试。
表1：平均抗菌率
大肠杆菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 白色念珠菌
实施例3 ＞99.9％ ＞99.9％ ＞99.9％
实施例4 ＞99.9％ ＞99.9％ ＞99.9％
实施例5 ＞99.9％ ＞99.9％ ＞99.9％
实施例6 ＞99.9％ ＞99.9％ ＞99.9％
对比例1 84.2％ 85％ 85.5％
由表1可知，本发明实施例3-6所述的复合功能性表面活性剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌具有＞99.9％的平均抗菌率，具有优异的抗菌效果。
2.根据表面张力法研究实施例3-6和对比例1的表面活性剂的表面性能
表2各表面活性剂的表面活性参数
Figure BDA0002871250410000071
由表2可知，本发明实施例3-6所述的复合功能性表面活性剂的cmc的数量级是103mol*L-1，这表明它们都具有良好的表面活性。
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明作的等效变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
Figure FDA0002871250400000011
所述水性改性硅油的结构式如下：
Figure FDA0002871250400000012
其中，1≤m≤10，10≤n≤20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，所述R1为亲水性氨基侧链。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，所述N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液由以下步骤制得：
S1.向反应容器中加入的硅油，然后加入N-甲基氨基乙酸盐、溶剂和催化剂，升温至200-220℃，进行脱水反应；
S2.冷却至140-160℃，将反应液进行常压和减压蒸馏，除去溶剂；
S3.降温到90-110℃，向反应液中加入水，将析出的固体溶解，静置分层水溶液，即得粗N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液；
S4.向粗N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液加酸；
S5.经抽滤除去N-甲基氨基乙酸，得到N-甲基氨基乙酸和盐溶液；
S6.经减压蒸馏、醇溶、中和等步骤，得N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂溶液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，所述N-甲基氨基乙酸盐选自N-甲基氨基乙酸钠、N-甲基氨基乙酸钾、N-甲基氨基乙酸钙中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，S1中所述硅油的质量为90g-120g，所述N-甲基氨基乙酸盐的质量为60g-70g，所述溶剂的质量为200g-500g，所述催化剂的质量为0.3-0.4g，所述脱水反应的时间为4-6小时，S3中水的质量为500-800g。
6.根据权利要求3所述的复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，所述N-甲基氨基乙酸嫁接表面活性剂的固体含量为25-40％。
7.根据权利要求3所述的复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，所述溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、乙腈中的一种或多种；所述酸为盐酸、硫酸中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求3所述的复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，S1中所述催化剂选自碳酸钾、沸石、碳酸钠、磷酸二氢钾中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求3所述的复合功能性表面活性剂，其特征在于，S4中所述的pH值为＝3.5-4.0。
10.一种权利要求1所述复合功能性表面活性剂的应用，其特征在于，将所述复合功能性表面活性剂用于织物或加入树脂整理工作浴、纤维织物、日用化学品、制革行业、涂料的添加剂以及塑料添加剂和脱模剂。
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