CN112778307B - 一种咔唑衍生物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种咔唑衍生物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112778307B CN112778307B CN202110082109.4A CN202110082109A CN112778307B CN 112778307 B CN112778307 B CN 112778307B CN 202110082109 A CN202110082109 A CN 202110082109A CN 112778307 B CN112778307 B CN 112778307B
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- organic
- carbazole derivative
- organic electroluminescent
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- electroluminescent element
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- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 title claims abstract 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 52
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 49
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- -1 aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 16
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- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
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- 238000001840 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- BMIBJCFFZPYJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-5-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound COC1=NC=C(C)C=C1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 BMIBJCFFZPYJHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HNZUKQQNZRMNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(C=2N=C(N=C(N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 HNZUKQQNZRMNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDGPPAMADXTGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound N=1C(Cl)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 DDGPPAMADXTGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KTTRHLOWOKRRKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-naphthalen-2-yl-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1(=NC(C2=CC=CC=C2)=NC(=N1)C1=CC=C2C(C=CC=C2)=C1)Cl KTTRHLOWOKRRKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/06—Peri-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D498/16—Peri-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
- C07D513/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D513/16—Peri-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光元件用材料技术领域,具体涉及一种咔唑衍生物及其应用。
背景技术
最近几年有机电致发光显示技术己趋于成熟,一些产品已进入市场,但在产业化时程中,仍有许多问题亟待解决,特别是用于制作元件的各种有机材料,其载流子注入、传输性能,材料电发光性能、使用寿命、色纯度、各种材料之间及与各电极之间的匹配等,尚有许多问题还未解决。尤其是发光元件在发光效率和使用寿命还达不到实用化要求,这大大限制了OLED技术的发展。
有机电致发光主要分为荧光和磷光,但根据自旋量子统计理论,单重态激子和三重态激子的概率为1:3,即来白单重态激子辐射跃迁的荧光的理论极限为25%,三重态激子辐射跃迁的荧光的理论极限为75%。如何利用75%的三线态激子的能量成为当务之急。1997年Forrest等发现磷光电致发光现象突破了有机电致发光材料量子效率25%效率的限制,引起人们对金属配合物磷光材料的广泛关注。从此,人们对磷光材料进行大量的研究。
鉴于以上原因,特提出本发明。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的以上问题,本发明提供了一种新型的咔唑衍生物,本发明的咔唑衍生物作为有机电致发光元件用材料的原料,能够提供启动电压降低、发光效率高、亮度提高的有机电致发光元件用材料以及有机电致发光元件。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种咔唑衍生物,所述咔唑衍生物的结构如式(I)所示:
其中,R1~R9相同或者不同,选自氢、氘、具有C1~C40的直链烷基、具有C1~C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2~C40的烯基或炔基、具有5~60个碳原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系中的一种,R1~R9中的每个基团可被一个或多个基团R取代,且其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基团可以任选地接合或稠合形成单环或多环的脂族、芳族或杂芳族环系;
Ar1选自具有C1~C40的直链烷基、具有C1~C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2~C40的烯基或炔基、具有5~60个碳原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系,所述芳香族环系或杂芳族环系中的每个基团可被一个或多个基团R取代;
Z1、Z2各自独立地表示单键、O、S、NR’、C(R’)2、Si(R’)2、BR’、PR’、P(=O)R’、SO、SO2;或者没有Z1或Z2,此时Z1或Z2可被R’、R”代替;
所述R每次出现时相同或不同,选自氢、氘、卤素、腈基、硝基、N(Ar2)2、N(R10)2、C(=O)Ar2、C(=O)R10、P(=O)(Ar2)2、具有C1~C40的直链烷基、具有C1~C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2~C40的烯基或炔基、具有5~80个碳原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系、具有5~60个碳原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基中的一种,R基团中的每个基团可被一个或多个基团R10取代,或这些体系的组合,其中一个或多个非相邻的-CH2-基团可被R10C=CR10、C≡C、Si(R10)2、Ge(R10)2、Sn(R10)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR10、P(=O)(R10)、SO、SO2、NR10、O、S或CONR10代替,并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被氘原子、卤素原子、腈基或硝基代替,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R可以任选地接合或稠合形成单环或多环的脂肪族环系、芳香族环系或杂芳族环系,所述脂肪族环系、芳香族环系或杂芳族环系中的每个基团可被一个或多个基团R10取代;
所述R’或R”每次出现时相同或不同,选自氢、具有C1~C40的直链烷基、具有C1~C40的直链杂烷基、具有C2~C40的烯基或炔基、具有5~60个碳原子的芳族环或杂芳族环系,其中所述R’或R”中的每个基团可被一个或多个基团R10取代;并且两个相邻的R’或R”可以任选地接合或稠合形成单环或多环的脂族、芳族或杂芳族环系;
R10每次出现时相同或不同,选自氢、氘、卤素、腈基、硝基、N(Ar2)2、N(R11)2、C(=O)Ar2、C(=O)R11、P(=O)(Ar2)2、具有C1~C40的直链烷基、具有C1~C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2~C40的烯基或炔基、具有5~60个碳原子的芳族环或杂芳族环系、具有5~60个碳原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基中的一种,其中R10中的每个基团可被一个或多个基团R11取代,或这些体系的组合,其中一个或多个非相邻的-CH2-基团可被R11C=CR11、C≡C、Si(R11)2、Ge(R11)2、Sn(R11)2、C=O、C=S、C=Se、C=NR11、P(=O)(R11)、SO、SO2、NR11、O、S或CONR11代替;并且其中一个或多个氢原子可被氘原子、卤素原子、腈基或硝基代替,其中两个或多个相邻的取代基R10可以任选地接合或稠合形成单环或多环的脂肪族环系、芳香族环系或杂芳族环系;
Ar2在每次出现时相同或不同,选自具有5~30个碳原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系,所述芳香族环系或杂芳族环系可被一个或多个基团R11取代;此处键合至同一氮原子或磷原子的两个基团Ar2也可通过单键或选自N(R11)、C(R11)2、氧或硫的桥连基彼此桥连;
R11选自氢、氘、氟、腈基、具有C1~C20的脂族烃基、具有5~30个碳原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系,其中R11中一个或多个氢原子可被氘、卤素、硝基或腈基代替,其中两个或多个相邻的取代基R11可彼此形成单环或多环的脂肪族环系、芳香族环系或杂芳族环系。
在本发明意义上的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系旨在被认为是指不必仅含有芳基或杂芳基的体系,而是其中多个芳基或杂芳基还可以由非芳香族单元例如C、N、O或S原子连接。因此,例如,和其中两个或更多个芳基被例如短的烷基连接的体系一样,诸如芴、9,9’-螺二芴、9,9-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚等的体系也被认为是指在本发明意义上的芳香族环系。
本发明意义上的芳基含有5~60个碳原子,在本发明意义上的杂芳基含有5~60个碳原子和至少一个杂原子,其条件是碳原子和杂原子的总和至少是5;所述杂原子优选选自N、O或S。此处的芳基或杂芳基被认为是指简单的芳香族环,即苯、萘等,或简单的杂芳族环,如吡啶、嘧啶、噻吩等,或稠合的芳基或杂芳基,如蒽、菲、喹啉、异喹啉等。通过单键彼此连接的芳香族环,例如联苯,相反地不被称为芳基或杂芳基,而是称为芳香族环系。
对于本发明意义上的含有1~40个碳原子并且其中单独的氢原子或-CH2-基团还可被上述基团取代的脂肪族烃基或者烷基或者烯基或炔基优选被认为是指如下基团:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、环戊基、正己基、新己基、环己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、2-乙基己基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、庚炔基或辛炔基。烷氧基优选具有1~40个碳原子的烷氧基被认为是指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、仲戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、环己氧基、正庚氧基、环庚氧基、正辛氧基、环辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基和2,2,2-三氟乙氧基。杂烷基优选具有1~40个碳原子的烷基,是指其中单独的氢原子或-CH2-基团可被氧、硫、卤素原子取代的基团,被认为是指烷氧基、烷硫基、氟代的烷氧基、氟代的烷硫基,特别是指甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基、叔丁硫基、三氟甲硫基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯氧基、乙烯硫基、丙烯氧基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、丁烯氧基、戊烯氧基、戊烯硫基、环戊烯氧基、环戊烯硫基、己烯氧基、己烯硫基、环己烯氧基、环己烯硫基、乙炔氧基、乙炔硫基、丙炔氧基、丙炔硫基、丁炔氧基、丁炔硫基、戊炔氧基、戊炔硫基、己炔氧基、己炔硫基。
一般来说,根据本发明的环烷基、环烯基可为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚基、环庚烯基,其中一个或多个-CH2-基团可被上述基团代替;此外,一个或多个氢原子还可被氘原子、卤素原子或腈基代替。
根据本发明的芳香族或杂芳族环原子,在每种情况下还可被上述基团R11取代的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系,特别是指衍生自如下物质的基团:苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、芘、苝、荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、三聚苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式茚并咔唑、顺式或反式吲哚并咔唑、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并[5,6]喹啉、苯并[6,7]喹啉、苯并[7,8]喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩噁嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、噁唑、苯并噁唑、萘并噁唑、蒽并噁唑、菲并噁唑、异噁唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、六氮杂苯并菲、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1,5-二氮杂蒽、2,7-二氮杂芘、2,3-二氮杂芘、1,6-二氮杂芘、1,8-二氮杂芘、4,5-二氮杂芘,4,5,9,10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩噁嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-噁二唑、1,2,4-噁二唑、1,2,5-噁二唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪和苯并噻二唑或者衍生自这些体系的组合的基团。
进一步优选地,所述咔唑衍生物选自以下式(II)~式(V)所示的结构:
其中,R1~R9、Ar1、Z1、Z2、R’、R”的定义同上。
进一步优选地,所述咔唑衍生物的结构如CJHK018~CJHK206所示:
其中,所述Z1、Z2、T1各自独立地选自单键、*—O—*、*—S—*、或下述结构中的任一种:
*—和—*表示连接键,并且T1不为单键。
进一步优选地,所述R1~R9相同或者不同,选自氢、氘;
所述Ar1选自具有5~60个碳原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系,所述芳香族环系或杂芳族环系可被一个或多个基团R取代;
所述Z1、Z2各自独立地选自单键、O、S、C(R’)2或NR’;或者没有Z1或Z2,此时Z1或Z2可被R’、R”代替;
其中,R、R’、R”的定义同上。
本发明提供上述咔唑衍生物在有机元件中的应用。
同时,本发明还提供上述咔唑衍生物在有机元件中用作发光层材料、空穴输送层材料、空穴阻挡层材料或封装层材料的应用。
进一步优选地,所述有机元件为有机电致发光元件、有机场效应晶体管或有机薄膜太阳能电池。
一种有机电致发光元件,包括第一电极、第二电极和位于第一电极和第二电极之间的多层有机层,所述有机层中的至少一层包含上述的咔唑衍生物。
所述有机电致发光元件包含阴极、阳极和至少一个发光层。除了这些层之外,它还可以包含其它的层,例如在每种情况下,包含一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、激子阻挡层、电子阻挡层和/或电荷产生层。具有例如激子阻挡功能的中间层同样可引入两个发光层之间。然而,应当指出,这些层中的每个并非必须都存在。此处所述有机电致发光元件可包含一个发光层,或者它可包含多个发光层。即,将能够发光的多种发光化合物用于所述发光层中。特别优选具有三个发光层的体系,其中所述三个层可显示蓝色、绿色和红色发光。如果存在多于一个的发光层,则根据本发明,这些层中的至少一个层包含本发明所述的咔唑衍生物。
在根据本发明的有机电致发光元件的其它层中,特别是在空穴传输层中以及在空穴阻挡层和薄膜封装层中,所有材料可以按照根据现有技术通常所使用的方式来使用。本领域普通技术人员因此将能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下与根据本发明的发光层组合使用关于有机电致发光元件所知的所有材料。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光元件,借助于升华方法施加一个或多个层,其中在真空升华装置中在低于10-5Pa、优选低于10-6Pa的初压下通过气相沉积来施加所述材料。然而,所述初压还可能甚至更低,例如低于10-7Pa。
同样优选如下的有机电致发光元件,借助于有机气相沉积方法或借助于载气升华来施加一个或多个层,其中,在10-5Pa至1Pa之间的压力下施加所述材料。该方法的特别的例子是有机蒸气喷印方法,其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加,并且因此是结构化的。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光元件,从溶液中,例如通过旋涂,或借助于任何所希望的印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷、光引发热成像、热转印、喷墨印刷或喷嘴印刷,来产生一个或多个层。可溶性化合物,例如通过适当的取代获得可溶性化合物。这些方法也特别适于低聚物、树枝状大分子和聚合物。此外可行的是混合方法,其中例如从溶液中施加一个或多个层并且通过气相沉积施加一个或多个另外的层。
进一步优选地,所述有机层还包括选自电子注入层、电子输送层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、空穴输送层、空穴注入层、发光层、光折射层的一种以上。
本发明的有机电致发光元件既可以是顶发射光元件,又可以是底发射光元件。本发明的有机电致发光元件的结构和制备方法没有限定。采用本发明的化合物制得的有机电致发光元件可降低启动电压、提高发光效率和亮度。
一种显示装置,包括所述的有机电致发光元件。
一种照明装置,包括所述的有机电致发光元件。
本发明的有机元件用材料含有本发明的咔唑衍生物。有机元件用材料可以单独使用本发明的化合物构成,也可以同时含有其他化合物。
本发明的有机电致发光元件用材料中所含有的本发明的咔唑衍生物可以用作主体材料。此时,本发明的有机电致发光元件用材料中可以含有作为掺杂材料的其他化合物。
本发明的有机电致发光元件用材料还可以作为空穴传输层、增强层、发光层、电子传输层、电荷产生层、电子阻挡层、封装层或光折射层用材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:本发明所述的咔唑衍生物具有较高的三重态能级、高的玻璃化温度,适宜作为有机电致发光元件用材料使用,含有所述的咔唑衍生物的有机电致发光元件用材料,具有启动电压低,发光效率和亮度高的特点。另外,本发明的咔唑衍生物具有良好的热稳定性和成膜性能,应用在有机电致发光元件用材料、有机电致发光元件、显示装置、照明装置中,能够延长使用寿命,从而能够降低有机电致发光元件用材料、有机电致发光元件、显示装置、照明装置的制造成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明的有机电致发光装置的一个底部发光例子的示意图;
图2是本发明的有机电致发光装置的一个顶部发光例子的示意图;
图中:1、基板;2、阳极;3、空穴注入层;4、空穴传输/电子阻挡层;5、发光层;6、空穴阻挡/电子传输层;7、电子注入层;8、阴极。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
以下实施例中OLED材料及元件进行性能测试的测试仪器及方法如下:
OLED元件性能检测条件:
亮度和色度坐标:使用光谱扫描仪PhotoResearch PR-715测试;
电流密度和起亮电压:使用数字源表Keithley 2420测试;
功率效率:使用NEWPORT 1931-C测试;
寿命测试:使用LTS-1004AC寿命测试装置
实施例1
化合物CJHK020的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:化合物Int-1的制备
0.12mol的8-溴-1-萘胺、0.2mol的无水碳酸钾和250mL的二甲苯混合,在氮气保护下,加入0.1mol的碘苯、2.0mmol的碘化亚铜和5.0mmol的N,N’-二甲基乙二胺,升温至110℃,搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用乙醇重结晶,得到中间体Int-1,白色固体,收率86%。
第二步:中间体Int-2的制备
0.1mol中间体Int-1溶解于100mL的甲苯中、在氮气保护下,加入0.12mol的2-氯-6-硝基苯硼酸频那醇酯、0.3mol的无水碳酸钾、0.2mmol的Pd(PPh3)4催化剂以及50mL的水和50mL的乙醇,升温至回流搅拌反应12小时,加入100mL水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,乙醇重结晶,得到中间体Int-2,黄色固体,收率85%。
第三步:中间体Int-3的制备
0.1mol中间体Int-2溶解于200mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中、在氮气保护下,加入0.2mol的无水碳酸钾,升温至120℃,搅拌反应8小时,冷却到室温,将反应液倒入500mL的冰水中,过滤,滤饼用水洗、乙醇洗,用硅胶柱分离纯化,乙醇重结晶,得到中间体Int-3,黄色固体,收率90%。
第四步:中间体Int-4的制备
0.1mol中间体Int-3、0.25mol的三苯基磷溶解于200mL的苯甲醚中,升温至120℃,搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,乙醇-丙酮重结晶,得到中间体Int-4,黄色固体,收率75%。
第五步:化合物CJHK020的制备
0.1mol中间体Int-4溶解于250mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在氮气保护下,冰水浴降温至0℃,分批加入0.12mol的60%氢化钠固体,搅拌反应1小时,加入0.12mol的2-氯-4-(2-萘基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,搅拌反应10小时,将反应液倒入500mL的冰水中,过滤,滤饼用硅胶柱分离纯化,THF-乙醇重结晶,得到化合物CJHK020,黄色固体,收率82%。
化合物CJHK020的MS和1HNMR测试结果如下:
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 588.2206[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.94(1H,s);8.48~8.44(3H,m);8.02~7.95(3H,m);7.92~7.90(3H,m);7.76~7.74(1H,d);7.62~7.53(2H,m);7.46~7.37(5H,m);7.24~7.20(3H,m);7.06~7.04(2H,m);6.96~6.92(2H,m)。
实施例2
化合物CJHK130的制备:
0.15mol的Int-4溶解于500mL干燥的甲苯中、在氮气保护下,加入0.18mol的2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪和225.0mmol的叔丁醇钠,再加入1.5mmol的Pd2(dba)3和5.0mL的10%三叔丁基磷甲苯溶液,升温至90℃,搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,加入100mL水稀释,用甲苯萃取,收集有机相,干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,甲苯-乙醇重结晶,得到化合物CJHK130,黄色固体,收率84%。
化合物CJHK130的MS和1HNMR测试结果如下:
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 614.2360[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.34~8.32(4H,m);8.21(1H,s);7.93~7.91(2H,m);7.84~7.82(1H,d);7.60~7.42(11H,m);7.21~7.17(2H,m);7.05~7.01(4H,m);6.97~6.92(2H,m)。
实施例3
化合物CJHK018、CJHK019、CJHK021~CJHK051、CJHK126~CJHK129、CJHK131~CJHK143、CJHK183~CJHK191的制备,参照实施例1和实施例2的制备方法,仅将不同的有机卤代物替换实施例1中第五步的2-氯-4-(2-萘基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,或者仅将不同的有机卤代物替换实施例2中的2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,其他实验参数进行常规调整,制备化合物CJHK018、CJHK019、CJHK021~CJHK051、CJHK126~CJHK129、CJHK131~CJHK143、CJHK183~CJHK191。
实施例4
化合物CJHK063的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:化合物Int-5的制备
0.1mol的8-溴-2-萘胺、0.2mol的吡啶和250mL的二氯甲烷混合,在氮气保护下,冰水浴降温至0℃,滴加入0.15mol的乙酰氯,搅拌反应2小时,升到室温,加入100mL的饱和盐水,分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到中间体Int-5,白色固体,收率94%。
第二步:化合物Int-6的制备
0.1mol的中间体Int-5溶解于250mL干燥的THF中,在氮气保护下,液氮浴降温至-78℃,滴加入60mL的2M二异丙基胺基锂THF溶液,搅拌反应1小时,滴加入0.15mol的六氯乙烷溶于THF的溶液,搅拌反应1小时,升到室温,加入100mL的饱和氯化铵水溶液,分出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到中间体Int-6,白色固体,收率92%。
第三步:化合物Int-7的制备
17.5mmol的中间体Int-6溶解于80mL干燥的甲苯中,在氮气保护下,加入15.0mmol的吩噁嗪或吩噻嗪或5-取代的5,10-二氢吩嗪或9,9-二取代的9,10-二氢吖啶、35.0mmol的叔丁醇钠、0.45mmol的醋酸钯、0.45mmol的Pd2(dba)3和1.05mmol的三环己膦、2.5mL的10%三叔丁磷甲苯溶液,升温至90℃,搅拌反应12小时,冷却到室温,加入50mL水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到中间体Int-7,黄色固体,收率~85%。
第四步:化合物Int-8的制备
15.0mmol的中间体Int-7溶解于20mL的THF中,在氮气保护下,加入30.0mmol的过硫酸钠、75.0mmol的四丁基溴化铵和80mL的水,升温回流搅拌反应10小时,冷却到室温,加入100mL水稀释,过滤,滤饼用水洗、乙醇洗,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到中间体Int-8,黄色固体,收率~80%。
第五步:化合物Int-9的制备
15.0mmol的中间体Int-8溶解于60mL的叔丁醇中,在氮气保护下,加入30.0mmol的氢氧化钠和20mL的水,升温回流搅拌反应2小时,冷却到室温,加入100mL水稀释,滴加入稀盐酸调到酸性,过滤,滤饼用水洗、乙醇洗,用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到中间体Int-9,黄色固体,收率~90%。
第六步:化合物CJHK063的制备
10.0mmol的中间体Int-9溶解于60mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在氮气保护下,用冰水浴降温至0℃,分批加入12.0mmol的60%氢化钠固体,搅拌反应1小时,再加入12.0mmol的2-氯-4-苯基喹唑啉,搅拌反应2小时,升温至50℃搅拌反应6小时,将反应液倒入200mL水中,过滤,滤饼用水洗、乙醇洗,固体用硅胶柱分离纯化,得到化合物CJHK063。
化合物CJHK063的MS和1HNMR测试结果如下:
CJHK063-1:Z1=O
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 525.1731[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.02~8.00(1H,d);7.97~7.95(1H,d);7.89~7.76(6H,m);7.62~7.50(5H,m);7.20~7.18(1H,d);7.09~7.07(1H,d);7.02~6.95(4H,m);6.91~7.87(1H,m)。
CJHK063-2:Z1=S
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 541.1505[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.16~8.14(1H,d);8.01~7.99(1H,d);7.90~7.88(1H,d);7.84~7.82(1H,d);7.80~7.69(6H,m);7.57~7.53(3H,m);7.48~7.40(2H,m);7.23~7.20(1H,m);7.12~7.08(3H,m);6.96~6.94(1H,d)。
CJHK063-3:Z1=N-苯基
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 600.2204[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.18~8.16(1H,d);8.02~8.00(1H,d);7.86~7.72(6H,m);7.59~7.48(7H,m);7.09~6.98(7H,m);6.94~6.91(1H,m);6.86~6.84(2H,m)。
CJHK063-4:Z1=C(CH3)2
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 551.2251[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.23~8.21(1H,d);8.01~7.99(1H,d);7.87~7.76(7H,m);7.62~7.53(3H,m);7.48~7.40(3H,m);7.23~7.19(2H,m);7.09~7.01(3H,m);1.76(3H,s);1.64(3H,s)。
实施例5
化合物CJHK052~CJHK062、CJHK064~CJHK088、CJHK144~CJHK162、CJHK192、CJHK194的制备,参照实施例4中化合物CJHK063的制备方法,仅将不同的有机卤代物替换实施例4中第六步的2-氯-4-苯基喹喔啉,其他实验参数进行常规调整,制备化合物CJHK052~CJHK062、CJHK064~CJHK088、CJHK144~CJHK162、CJHK192、CJHK194。
实施例6
化合物CJHK117的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
以Z2=O为例:
第一步:化合物Int-10的制备
参照实施例4第二步的制备方法,将实施例4第二步的Int-5替换为1-溴-7-甲氧基萘,将实施例4第二步的六氯乙烷替换为碘,获得中间体Int-10,收率84%。
第二步:化合物Int-11的制备
0.1mol的中间体Int-10、0.2mol的无水碳酸钾和350mL的二甲苯混合,在氮气保护下,加入0.12mol的邻氟苯胺、2.0mmol的碘化亚铜和5.0mmol的N,N’-二甲基乙二胺,升温至100℃,搅拌反应8小时,冷却到室温,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用乙醇重结晶,得到中间体Int-11,白色固体,收率88%。
第三步:化合物Int-12的制备
参照实施例1第二步的制备方法,将实施例1第二步的Int-1替换为中间体Int-11,获得中间体Int-12,收率84%。
第四步:化合物Int-13的制备
参照实施例1第三步的制备方法,将实施例1第三步的Int-2替换为中间体Int-12,获得中间体Int-13,收率94%。
第五步:化合物Int-14的制备
0.1mol的中间体Int-13与250mL的二氯甲烷混合,在氮气保护下,降温至0℃,滴加入0.2mol的三溴化硼,搅拌反应2小时,升到室温,加入200mL的10%碳酸钠水溶液,过滤,滤液用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩干,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用乙醇重结晶,得到中间体Int-14,黄色固体,收率92%。
第六步:化合物Int-15的制备
0.1mol的中间体Int-14与250mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,在氮气保护下,加入0.2mol的无水碳酸钾,升温至120℃,搅拌反应8小时,冷却到室温,将反应液倒入500mL的冰水溶液中,过滤,滤液饼用水洗、乙醇洗,用硅胶柱分离纯化,再用乙醇重结晶,得到中间体Int-15,黄色固体,收率95%。
第七步:化合物Int-16的制备
参照实施例1第四步的制备方法,将实施例1第四步的Int-3替换为中间体Int-15,获得中间体Int-16,收率86%。
第八步:化合物CJHK117(Z2=O)的制备:
参照实施例4第六步的制备方法,将实施例4第六步的Int-9替换为中间体Int-16,将实施例4第六步的2-氯-4-苯基喹唑啉替换为2-([1,1'-联苯]-3-基)-3-氯喹喔啉,得到化合物CJHK117(Z2=O),黄色固体,收率82%。
化合物CJHK117(Z2=O)的MS和1HNMR测试结果如下:
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 601.2044[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.48(1H,s);8.11~7.98(4H,m);7.92~7.90(1H,d);7.79~7.66(7H,m);7.45~7.30(6H,m);7.02~6.92(4H,m);6.85~6.83(1H,d)。
实施例7
化合物CJHK089~CJHK116、CJHK118~CJHK125、CJHK163~CJHK182、CJHK193、CJHK195的制备,参照实施例6中化合物CJHK117的制备方法,仅将带有不同取代基的卤代物中间体替换实施例6第八步中的2-([1,1'-联苯]-3-基)-3-氯喹喔啉,其他实验参数进行常规调整,制备化合物CJHK089~CJHK116、CJHK118~CJHK125、CJHK163~CJHK182、CJHK193、CJHK195。
实施例8
化合物CJHK198的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
以Z1=S、Z2=O为例:
第一步:化合物Int-17的制备
参照实施例6第二步的制备方法,将实施例6第二步的邻氟苯胺替换为2,6-二氟苯胺,获得中间体Int-17,收率92%。
第二步:化合物Int-18的制备
参照实施例1第二步的制备方法,将实施例1第二步的Int-1替换为中间体Int-17,将实施例1第二步的2-氯-6-硝基苯硼酸频那醇酯替换为2-氯-3-巯基-6-硝基苯硼酸频那醇酯,获得中间体Int-18,收率82%。
第三步:化合物Int-19的制备
参照实施例1第三步的制备方法,将实施例1第三步的Int-2替换为中间体Int-18,获得中间体Int-19,收率86%。
第四步:化合物Int-20的制备
参照实施例6第五步的制备方法,将实施例6第五步的Int-13替换为中间体Int-19,获得中间体Int-20,收率94%。
第五步:化合物Int-21的制备
参照实施例6第六步的制备方法,将实施例6第六步的Int-14替换为中间体Int-20,获得中间体Int-21,收率100%。
第六步:化合物Int-22的制备
参照实施例1第四步的制备方法,将实施例1第四步的Int-3替换为中间体Int-21,获得中间体Int-22,收率78%。
第七步:化合物CJHK198(Z1=S、Z2=O)的制备:
参照实施例4第六步的制备方法,将实施例4第六步的Int-9替换为中间体Int-22,将实施例4第六步的2-氯-4-苯基喹唑啉替换为2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,得到化合物CJHK198(Z1=S、Z2=O),黄色固体,收率91%。
化合物CJHK198(Z1=S、Z2=O)的MS和1HNMR测试结果如下:
MS(MALDI-TOF):m/z 582.1402[M+H]+;1HNMR(δ、CDCl3):8.35~8.31(4H,m);7.92~7.90(1H,d);7.86~7.84(1H,d);7.80~7.78(1H,d);7.74~7.72(1H,d);7.52~7.50(1H,d);7.45~7.40(6H,m);7.28~7.26(1H,d);7.08~7.01(3H,m)。
实施例9
化合物CJHK196、CJHK197、CJHK199~CJHK206的制备,参照实施例8的制备方法,将不同的卤代物替换实施例8中的2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,其他实验参数进行常规的调整,制备化合物式I中的化合物CJHK196、CJHK197、CJHK199~CJHK206。
对比例1有机电致发光元件的制备
将下述的化合物A作为红光主体材料,使用下述的化合物B作为红光掺杂材料,化合物C作为空穴注入材料,化合物D作为空穴传输材料,化合物G作为电子传输掺杂材料,LiQ作为电子传输主体材料。
试验例1
将对比例1中的化合物A替换为本发明的化合物CJHK018~CJHK206,按照对比例1的方法制备有机电致发光元件。
所得有机电致发光元件的性能检测结果列于表1中,其中驱动电压(V)、电流效率(LE)、色坐标(CIE)、半峰宽(FWHM)是在元件的电流密度为10mA/cm2条件下得出,且电压、LE、FWHM和LT90%相较参比元件进行了数据归一化处理。
表1元件性能检测结果
由表1可知,本发明的化合物制备成的元件相较于对比例1制备的元件,驱动电压降低,发光效率提高明显,并且在2000cd/cm2为初始条件下的元件寿命有很大提高。
表1中仅列举了部分的CJHK018~CJHK206中部分化合物的性能,其他化合物性能与表中列举的化合物的结构基本一致,由于篇幅有限,不再一一列举。
如图1和2所示,分别为本发明的有机电致发光装置的一个底部发光例子的示意图和有机电致发光装置的一个顶部发光例子的示意图,本发明制备的有机化合物包含在发光层5中或空穴传输层4中。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种咔唑衍生物,其特征在于,所述咔唑衍生物的结构如式(I)所示:
其中,R1~R9选自氢;
Ar1选自具有5~60个碳原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系,所述芳香族环系或杂芳族环系中的每个基团可被一个或多个基团R取代;
Z1表示单键、O、S、或者没有Z1;
Z2表示单键、O、S、或者没有Z2;
所述R每次出现时相同或不同,选自氢、氘、卤素、腈基、硝基、具有C1~C40的直链烷基、具有C1~C40的直链杂烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的烷基、具有C3~C40的支链或环状的杂烷基、具有C2~C40的烯基或炔基、具有5~80个碳原子的芳香族环系或杂芳族环系、具有5~60个碳原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基中的一种。
3.权利要求1或2所述的咔唑衍生物在有机元件中的应用。
4.权利要求1或2所述的咔唑衍生物在有机元件中用作发光层材料、空穴输送层材料、空穴阻挡层材料或封装层材料的应用。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述有机元件为有机电致发光元件、有机场效应晶体管或有机薄膜太阳能电池。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述有机元件为有机电致发光元件、有机场效应晶体管或有机薄膜太阳能电池。
7.一种有机电致发光元件,其特征在于,包括第一电极、第二电极和位于第一电极和第二电极之间的多层有机层,所述有机层中的至少一层包含权利要求1或2所述的咔唑衍生物。
8.一种显示装置,其特征在于,包括权利要求7所述的有机电致发光元件。
9.一种照明装置,其特征在于,包括权利要求7所述的有机电致发光元件。
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