CN1127645C - 由耐压塑料材料制成的热水器 - Google Patents
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- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
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- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
一种由塑料材料制成的热水器,包括一外罩(7)和一主体(2),该主体(2)包括两个半壳(2a,2b),该两个半壳(2a,2b)低温焊接在一起,产生一可承受温度和压力的本体。分别装有径向加强元件(8)的两个半壳(2a,2b)及外罩(7)由可兼容的和可回收的热塑材料制造成,特别是由优选百分比等于或高于30%的玻璃纤维加强的聚合物的混合物制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于水加热的装置或热水器领域。本发明此处特别参照申热水器,尤其是由塑料材料制成的电热水器而设计。
背景技术
塑料材料被普遍用于制造上述类型的热水器,以避免包含金属容器的传统装置的缺点,这种金属容器需要特别处理以抗腐蚀。
文件EP-A-0674139示出了一种通过将一单一塑料材料,尤其是聚丙烯的两外壳相结合而制成的热水器。
文件FR-A-2620803示出了一种带有一外壳的热水器,该外壳由绝热膨胀材料制成,并涂履有聚氨酯泡沫膜。
上述所有已知类型的热水器容量小,且不能承受高压,例如操作压力为8巴,温度最高为90°-100°。但是,它们可以有效地承受本领域规范所要求的至少16巴的峰值压力。另外,已知类型的热水器需要由相当厚的绝热膨胀材料层制成,以避免热量向外界快速流失。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的缺点,提供一种热水器,其中两半壳的结构特征和相关的结合方法,以及它们的制作材料,都有助于在出现高压时同样可获得高的机械阻力和可靠性的特性。
本发明的另一个目的是制造一种除外壳之外不需要附加绝热层的热水器。
本发明的又一个目的是制造一种热水器,该热水器可很容易地回收,且其元件都是由高兼容性的塑料材料制成的。
本发明的再一个目的是生产一种制造容易且造价低的热水器。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种由塑料材料制成的热水器,它包括一主体,该主体包括两个半壳,一形成在主体上用于插入一加热元件的孔,其中,各半壳包括一带有联接装置的圆周边界,该联接装置可相互地联接以形成一具有高抗力的带,径向加强元件从各圆周边界延伸会聚到各半壳的一中央区域。
附图说明
通过下面以非限定例形式特别参照附图中的图表对优选实施例进行的详细描述,本发明的另外的特征和优点将更好地显现,其中:
图1是根据本发明制造的热水器的示意性剖视图;
图2是属于图1中热水器的两半壳之一的局部剖视的侧视图;及
图3是在两半壳结合在一起之前彼此靠近放置的两半壳边界的放大剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,耐相对高压且由塑料材料制成的热水器1包括一主体2,该主体2包括两个半壳2a,2b,其中一电加热器3固定到一凸缘4上,该凸缘4安装成盖住两半壳之一2b上的孔5。导管6插入主体中,用于向热水器1输入和输出水。一主要具有美学功能的外罩7将主体2封闭。
如从图2中可以看到的,两半壳2a,2b具有一扁平的帽子形状,并全部由多个径向肋8加强。互补的结合带10a和10b沿各半壳的周边9相互结合,正如图3中更好地示出的那样。在本发明一优选实施例中,结合带10b包括一槽11,在该槽11中可容纳由联接材料制成的环12,用于对两个半壳2a,2b进行约束,以形成主体2。特别地,结合带10a,10b配合形成一塑料材料制成的带,其厚度大于各半壳的平均厚度。
两半壳2a,2b选择由热塑材料制成,以确保主体2的高机械阻力和低的热传导。一旦支承电热元件3的仅有的凸缘4被拆下,热塑材料的使用确保了热水器1的完全可回收性。为此,导管6也可以由热塑或热固材料制成。在后一种情况下,尽管导管6不能像这样被回收,但在回收过程中它们可与主体2-起被研磨,并因此以制成两半壳2a,2b的热塑材料中的填料的方式保持存在。
下面列出的材料特别适于制造作为本发明主题的热水器,特别是根据它们的特性,该特性允许它们很容易地在高于热水器的最高操作温度(约90-100℃)的温度下被加工,以及根据它们的高耐用性、它们对水的低渗透性、及它们比操作温度至少高50℃的琉态传导温度。
例如,已经显示,PPE/PPO(聚苯醚/聚苯醚,polyphenyletherpolypheniloxide)提供了几种以各种百分比将如PS(聚苯乙烯),PA(聚酰胺),PBT(聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯),PEK(聚丙烯酸酮醚)这样的材料粘结起来的可能性,以产生合金,该合金可在远高于最大为约90-100℃的热水器的典型操作温度的温度下被加工。下面将对一些被检测具有适当的可加工性和耐久特性的材料进行讨论。
PPE和PS的混合物提供了良好的可加工性并可抗氧化降解发作。
在某些情况下,聚苯乙烯的存在可以确定应力裂纹的危险,该应力裂纹可用适当百分比的PS来进行调节。从这个观点来看,较好的特性可由干燥的PPE/PA6.6的混合物或PPE/PBT的混合物提供。它们的特征在于高于PPE的对内部张力裂纹的抵抗力,可设想一在重复和循环载荷情况下,裂纹可能包含破裂。
因此,上述混合物更适于应用在根据本发明的热水器的生产中。
根据混合物和所包含聚合物的类型,当包含一大致等于或高于30%百分比的玻璃纤维时,上述材料可达到预期的目的。
另外,玻璃纤维的存在可以确保在塑料材料饱和前水分吸收减少,一般低于约3%。
本发明的一个主要特征是制造热水器部件的材料的兼容性。特别地,已经检测到下列各组材料特征在于用于生产外壳(必须承受温度和压力),外罩或箱7(必须轻,低价并易于加工),和一置于外壳与外罩之间的可能的绝热层(图中未示出)的良好的兼容性。
A组)由PPE和PS的混合物制成并由玻璃纤维加强的外壳,由PS(带矿物填料)制成的外罩,及由EPS(膨胀聚苯乙烯)制成的可能的绝热层;
B组)由PPE和PA6/6的混合物制成并由玻璃纤维加强的外壳,由PA6/6(带矿物填料)制成的外罩,及由EPA6/6(膨胀的PA6/6)制成的可能的绝热层;
C组)由PPE和PBT的混合物制成并由玻璃纤维加强的外壳,由PBT(带矿物填料)制成的外罩,及由膨胀PBT制成的可能的绝热层;
D组)由PA6/6制成并由玻璃纤维加强的外壳,由PA6/6(带矿物填料)制成的外罩,及由EPA6/6(膨胀的PA6/6)制成的可能的绝热层;
E组)由PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙酯)制成并由百分比等于或高于30%的玻璃纤维加强的外壳,由PET(带矿物填料)制成的外罩,及由膨胀PET制成的可能的绝热层;
F组)由PP制成并由百分比等于或高于30%的玻璃纤维加强的外壳,由PP(带矿物填料)制成的外罩,及由膨胀PP制成的可能的绝热层。
后面组中的材料特别用于制造较低等级的热水器,其所承受的操作压力一般不超过3-4巴。
可能放在外壳与外罩之间的绝热层可特别地由一与形成外壳和外罩的材料兼容的膨胀聚合物制成。作为一种替换,绝热材料包含一由一初始平板形成的热成形层,包裹住热水器的外壳。绝热层另外的实施例设想为:
-用膨胀颗粒烧结的层;
-用型内起泡及适于覆盖外壳的形状制成的注模层;或
-通过用已知类型的印刷线涂履在外壳的内部和外部,用两台挤压机同时挤压注模成的一膨胀层。
由于多聚体(tecnopolymers),即用于制造壳体的聚合物的混合物,具有很高的质量和内在价值,为再次使用以制造新产品,将它们完全回收是必要和方便的。如上面各组中提到的,上述完全可回收性是由用于制造其它热水器元件的材料的兼容性确保的。
因此,为了增强主体2的绝热特性,可以通过使用一种普遍公知的同时拉出技术,或通过对半壳2a,2b进行表面粘贴,为各半壳2a,2b制造一外皮。
结合带10a,10b的特殊造型,使得它们一旦用塑料材料领域中普遍公知的技术低温焊接在一起后,就能够在两半壳2a,2b之间进行低温焊接,该两半壳2a,2b尤其能抵抗由于热水器内部压力而导致的变形。
在上述热水器的另一实施例中,两半壳2a,2b由一大致管状的带将彼此隔开,其相对的环形圆周边界包括分别与半壳2a,2b的结合带10a,10b类似的结合带,以确保将后者低温焊接到管状带的端部,从而形成不同容量的热水器,半壳2a,2b具有相同的尺寸。
很明显,通过坚持本发明的原理,在不落到本发明范围之外的前提下,可能有各种实施例,相关的细节也可相对于本说明书和附图作范围很宽的变动。
Claims (8)
1.一种由塑料材料制成的热水器,包括一主体(2),该主体(2)包括两个半壳(2a,2b),一形成在主体上用于插入一加热元件(3)的孔(5),其特征在于,各半壳(2a,2b)包括一带有联接装置(10a,10b)的圆周边界(9),该联接装置(10a,10b)可相互地联接以形成一具有高抗力的带,径向加强元件(8)从各圆周边界(9)延伸会聚到各半壳(2a,2b)的一中央区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热水器,其特征在于,径向加强元件(8)是伸入各半壳(2a,2b)中的肋。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热水器,其特征在于,由塑料材料制成的供水导管(6)位于主体内部。
4.根据权利要求3所述的热水器,其特征在于,导管(6)由热固材料制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热水器,其特征在于,它包括一与主体(2)相隔一空气空间的外罩(7)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的热水器,其特征在于,外罩(7)由热塑材料制成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的热水器,其特征在于,它包括一由塑料材料制成的薄层,通过胶粘或通过共挤压施加,用于对主体进行覆盖。
8.根据权利要求1所述的热水器,其特征在于,联接装置(10a,10b)包括彼此互补的结合带,两结合带中的至少一个(10b)包含一环形槽(11),用于在半壳(2a,2b)焊接过程中容纳焊接材料(12)。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT97MO000240A IT1297428B1 (it) | 1997-12-29 | 1997-12-29 | Scaldaacqua di materiale plastico resistente a pressione |
ITMO97A000240 | 1997-12-29 |
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CNB031101860A Division CN100359260C (zh) | 1997-12-29 | 1998-12-08 | 由互相兼容的热塑性材料制成的热水器 |
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CN1127645C true CN1127645C (zh) | 2003-11-12 |
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CN98812778A Expired - Fee Related CN1127645C (zh) | 1997-12-29 | 1998-12-08 | 由耐压塑料材料制成的热水器 |
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US (1) | US6266484B1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1211466B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN100359260C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU1759799A (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ297224B6 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE69838348T2 (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2292645T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1068398A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP0004487A3 (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1297428B1 (zh) |
PL (2) | PL189491B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1044347E (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2193146C2 (zh) |
SK (2) | SK285784B6 (zh) |
TR (2) | TR200101509T2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW373061B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA46167C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999034153A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6266485B1 (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 2001-07-24 | Emerson Electric Co. | One-piece plastic tank and temperature control system for a hot water dispenser |
US6256456B1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2001-07-03 | Emerson Electric Co. | Hot water dispenser with heat dissipation plates for dry-start protection |
US6516141B1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2003-02-04 | Emerson Electric Co. | Apparatus and method for protecting a heating tank assembly of a hot water dispenser |
ES2231045B1 (es) * | 2004-11-03 | 2007-07-16 | Bsh Ufesa Industrial, S.A. | Estructura de cuerpo calefactor con una cubierta. |
EP1731850B2 (de) * | 2005-06-10 | 2016-08-17 | Bleckmann GmbH & Co. KG | Flanschloser Kunststoff-Boiler |
DE102005026919A1 (de) | 2005-06-10 | 2007-02-01 | Bleckmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Flanschloser Kunststoff-Boiler |
DE102008043029A1 (de) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-29 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Warmwasserspeicher |
DE102009005276A1 (de) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-07-22 | Chemowerk GmbH Fabrik für Behälter und Transportgeräte | Wärmespeicher |
GB201013229D0 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2010-09-22 | Baxi Heating Uk Ltd | An improved method of insulating a hot water cylinder |
ES2401144B1 (es) * | 2010-10-25 | 2014-08-08 | Pere JULIÀ DORCA | Procedimiento para la fabricación de recipientes a presión, mediante el prensado de material termo-estable o de materiales termoplásticos reforzados con fibras, su posible combinación con fibras termoplásticas y los productos así obtenidos. |
CN114704955A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-07-05 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | 电加热部件及电热水器 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1177450A (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1970-01-14 | Brecque Engineering Company Lt | Improvements in Hollow Vessels |
GB1319783A (en) * | 1969-12-23 | 1973-06-06 | Mccallum Tod Ltd | Calorifiers |
DE3013757A1 (de) * | 1980-04-10 | 1981-10-15 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg, 3450 Holzminden | Wasserbehaelter |
FR2548954B1 (fr) * | 1983-07-12 | 1986-03-21 | Nusbaumer Charles | Procede pour realiser une enceinte etanche |
CS259247B1 (en) * | 1987-03-23 | 1988-10-14 | Alexander Podstanicky | Heating-up insertion piece for heat provision tank |
FR2620803B1 (fr) | 1987-09-21 | 1990-01-12 | Chaffoteaux Et Maury | Perfectionnements aux ballons d'eau chaude |
US4865014A (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1989-09-12 | Nelson Thomas E | Water heater and method of fabricating same |
US4982856A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1991-01-08 | General Electric Company | High temperature, high pressure continuous random glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic fluid vessel and method of making |
US5167344A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1992-12-01 | Saf-T-Pak Inc. | Thermoplastic pressure vessel |
DE4410215A1 (de) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-09-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Raumwasserspeicher, insbesondere Elektro-Kleinspeicher |
US5668922A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-09-16 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Water heater having molded plastic storage tank and associated fabrication methods |
DE29610287U1 (de) * | 1996-06-12 | 1996-09-26 | EGS Elektro- und Hausgerätewerk Suhl GmbH, 98527 Suhl | Innenbehälter für Heißwasserspeicher |
IT1284232B1 (it) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-05-14 | Merloni Termosanitari Spa | Apparecchio scalda acqua in materilae plastico in particolare scalda acqua ad accumulo e pressione |
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1997
- 1997-12-29 IT IT97MO000240A patent/IT1297428B1/it active IP Right Grant
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1998
- 1998-11-03 TW TW087118260A patent/TW373061B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-08 UA UA2000063811A patent/UA46167C2/uk unknown
- 1998-12-08 PL PL98369862A patent/PL189491B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-08 WO PCT/EP1998/007982 patent/WO1999034153A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-08 CN CNB031101860A patent/CN100359260C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 EP EP02000330A patent/EP1211466B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 TR TR2001/01509T patent/TR200101509T2/xx unknown
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- 1998-12-08 PL PL98341560A patent/PL189507B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-08 HU HU0004487A patent/HUP0004487A3/hu unknown
- 1998-12-08 PT PT98962426T patent/PT1044347E/pt unknown
- 1998-12-08 RU RU2000120321/06A patent/RU2193146C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-08 CZ CZ20002352A patent/CZ297224B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-08 TR TR2000/01874T patent/TR200001874T2/xx unknown
- 1998-12-08 CN CN98812778A patent/CN1127645C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 AU AU17597/99A patent/AU1759799A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-08 SK SK950-2000A patent/SK285784B6/sk unknown
- 1998-12-08 SK SK5049-2006A patent/SK285785B6/sk unknown
- 1998-12-08 EP EP98962426A patent/EP1044347B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 ES ES98962426T patent/ES2194381T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-08 DE DE69838348T patent/DE69838348T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-08 DE DE69811954T patent/DE69811954T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2000
- 2000-06-26 US US09/603,404 patent/US6266484B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
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