CN112760045B - 胶合车辆的车身元件的胶合方法 - Google Patents

胶合车辆的车身元件的胶合方法 Download PDF

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CN112760045B
CN112760045B CN202010910439.3A CN202010910439A CN112760045B CN 112760045 B CN112760045 B CN 112760045B CN 202010910439 A CN202010910439 A CN 202010910439A CN 112760045 B CN112760045 B CN 112760045B
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弗朗索瓦·维尔雷泽尔
罗曼·洛尼
布里斯·德布瓦
马克·维瓦尔德
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种胶合车辆的车身元件的胶合方法，所述车身元件(10)包括外观部件(2)和结构部件(3)，所述方法包括以下步骤：步骤1：通过加热元件(4)加热所述结构部件(3)上的待胶合区域(31)，步骤2：将一定量的胶合剂沉积在待胶合区域(21)上，步骤3：将所述外观部件(2)放置在所述结构部件(3)上，步骤4：将所述外观部件(2)压向所述结构部件(3)。

Description

胶合车辆的车身元件的胶合方法
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆的车身元件领域。更具体地，本发明涉及一种胶合包括外观部件和塑料结构部件的车辆的车身元件的胶合方法。
背景技术
这种类型的车身元件，特别是尾门或车顶模块，由(例如由热固性材料制成的)内部结构部件和(被称为外部“蒙皮”，例如由热塑性材料制成的)外部部件组成，该外部部件被胶合在结构部件上，并参与构成车辆的外观。这些车身元件通过结构部件连接至车辆底盘。
形成外部面的蒙皮可以是例如模制的或热成型的部件，其厚度小于4mm，甚至约为3mm并可以到达2.4mm，并且与该部件的其他尺寸相比被认为是小的，该部件整体上被染色或被涂漆，并且由例如聚丙烯(PP)的热塑性材料的注塑成型。蒙皮和结构部件通过适于粘附至每个部件的胶合带连接在一起，该胶合带的厚度介于0.5mm至3mm之间。
在现有技术中已知一种胶合方法，该方法在于在使外观部件与结构部件接触之前在该外观部件上布置胶合带。然后按压全部胶合的部件并对其加热以加速胶合剂的交联。加热在结构部件的外部进行。从不直接加热外观部件以保持其美观质量。在表面使用的温度通常在90℃至100℃之间，这允许在胶合带中获得在70℃至100℃之间的温度。
现有技术中已知的方法不允许加热所有类型的结构部件，因为由于某些结构部件的几何形状，这些结构部件包括不加热外观部件就无法加热的区域。这样的结构部件必须配备加热装置的通道，并且强加了对部件设计的限制。此外，在胶合过程中的加热时间以及加热元件的膨胀也可能成问题。
本发明的目的尤其是提供一种与大部分包括结构部件和外观部件的车辆的车身元件兼容的胶合方法。
发明内容
为此，本发明的主题是一种胶合包括外观部件和结构部件的车辆的车身元件的胶合方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-步骤1：通过加热元件加热所述结构部件上的待胶合区域，
-步骤2：将一定量的胶合剂沉积在所述外观部件的待胶合区域上，
-步骤3：将所述外观部件放置在所述结构部件上，
-步骤4：将所述外观部件压向所述结构部件，而无需额外加热。
由本发明提出的方法允许加热在常规的加热过程中不可通达的区域，这些常规的加热过程总是在结构部件的未胶合一侧进行。
此外，由于仅有一个预热阶段(在压胶期间不加热)，因此在能量消耗方面，本发明提出的方法更快且更经济。这允许降低部件变形和加热元件膨胀的风险。
根据结构部件的几何形状和生产线上可能出现的限制来选择加热元件的布置，以使加热元件被布置成尽可能靠近结构部件上的待胶合区域，从而获得更高的加热效率。
根据该胶合方法的其他可单独或组合使用的可选特征：
-步骤1包括将所述加热元件布置在所述结构部件的内侧，并且直接加热所述结构部件(3)上的所述待胶合区域。这允许有效地加热待胶合区域。
该内侧因此是用于容纳胶合剂的待胶合区域。
可替代地，可以将对待胶合区域的加热与对结构部件的外部(即结构部件的不带胶合剂的可见面)的加热相结合。因此，可以根据该部件的几何形状和加热装置的定位限制在待胶合区域处加热结构部件的两侧，以令加热更有效率。
-所述结构部件由比热容(或比热)在20℃时大于1KJ·kg-1·k-1的材料制成。
-所述结构部件由在20℃时具有小于100×10-6m2/s的扩散率的材料制成。
-所述结构部件由在20℃时具有小于80W/mK的导热率的材料制成。
-所述结构部件由选自以下列表的材料制成：
-玻璃纤维增强的聚丙烯(PPGFL)或碳纤维增强的聚丙烯，
-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)，
-聚碳酸酯(PC)，
-聚丙烯(PP)
-苯乙烯，
-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，
-热固性材料，例如填充有玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维或其他填充材料的聚酯、乙烯基酯或环氧树脂。
-所述外观部件由选自以下材料的材料制成：
-聚丙烯(PP)，
-聚碳酸酯(PC)，
-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)，
-聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PPT)，
-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，
-聚乙烯(PE)
-环烯烃共聚物(COC)，
-布(toile)。
-所述加热元件是用辐射的加热装置，例如是红外线类型的。所选择的加热装置允许结构部件被快速加热而无需与其接触。这样的“非接触式”的加热装置特别有意义，因为该结构部件在待胶合区域(也就是说在用于与沉积在外观部件上的胶合带接触的区域)中不得被污染，其中外观部件随后被压在结构部件上以进行胶合。
-步骤1包括将所述待胶合区域加热15至60秒，优选地25至35秒，加热到95℃至125℃的温度，以使结构部件可以随后将热量以最佳的方式传递到胶合带上。
-步骤2包括使用包含催化剂的胶合剂，该催化剂能够在低于70℃的温度使所述胶合剂交联。因此，在压制期间不必配备加热装置，这简化了胶合过程。该催化剂可以选自聚氨酯(PU)材料中使用的胺类，例如双二甲胺基乙基醚(bis[2-(N,N-diméthylamino)éthyl]éther)。也可以考虑在胶合剂中使用聚氧化丙烯二胺(polyoxypropylène diamine)作为催化剂。
本发明的主题还在于一种通过上述胶合方法获得的机动车辆的车身元件，所述元件尤其是尾门或后行李箱门、车顶扰流件或尾门扰流件、或发动机罩或侧门、或车辆上方的附加车顶模块。
附图说明
通过阅读下面的描述，将更好地理解本发明，该描述是参考附图进行的并仅作为示例给出，附图中：
图1是根据一个实施例的车身元件在胶合过程之前的透视图；
图2是图1的车身元件的结构部件的截面图；
图3是图1的车身元件的外观部件的截面图；
图4是在胶合过程之后图1的车身元件的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1至图4示出了通过根据本发明的一个实施例的胶合方法制造的车身元件，其由总的附图标记10表示。在该示例中，车身元件10是汽车扰流板，并且包括外观部件2和结构部件3。
例如，结构部件3由在20℃时具有小于100×10-6m2/s的传导系数/扩散率的材料形成。
有利地，结构部件3由选自以下材料的材料形成：
-玻璃纤维增强的聚丙烯(PPGFL)或碳纤维增强的聚丙烯，
-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)，
-聚碳酸酯(PC)，
-聚丙烯(PP)
-苯乙烯，
-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，
-热固性材料，例如填充有玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维或其他填充料的聚酯、乙烯基酯或环氧树脂。
结构部件3具有待胶合区域31，该区域基本上分布在结构部件3的周边上。待胶合区域31具有平坦的表面，该平坦的表面被构造成用于容纳可以将外观部件2胶合在结构部件3上的胶合带。
图2示出了胶合之前的结构部件3。根据本发明的一个实施例，首先将结构部件3布置在支撑件上，并且通过加热元件4来加热待胶合区域31，其中加热元件4布置在待胶合区域31附近，面向不可见的一侧。在所示的示例中，加热元件4是用红外线或任何其他辐射加热方式的加热元件。
待胶合区域31上的表面加热温度在95℃至125℃之间。待胶合区域31的加热时间预计为25至35秒。在这段时间之后，移除加热元件4。
在加热步骤之后或同时，将一定量的胶合剂5沉积在外观部件上的待胶合区域21上，如图3所示。根据本发明所使用的胶合剂包括一种催化剂，该催化剂允许胶合剂在低于70℃的温度发生交联。根据本发明的其他变型，只要结构部件的几何形状允许，加热元件4就可以保持靠近部件，以避免额外的操作。然而，加热元件4停止运作。
随后，如图4所示，将外观部件2放置在结构部件3上，并将外观部件2压向结构部件3，而不一定提供额外的加热。一直等到胶合剂充分地交联到可以处理的程度后，再将如此胶合的车身元件10从支撑件上取下。
本发明不限于所介绍的实施例，并且其他实施例对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。特别地，在其它构造(在这些构造中，一旦结构部件3和外观部件2被压在一起就将加热元件布置在可通达的区域中)中，加热元件可以继续加热部件，直到胶合结束。
附图标记列表
车身元件：10
外观部件：2
结构部件：3
待胶合区域：21、31
加热元件：4
胶合剂：5。

Claims (13)

1.一种胶合车辆的车身元件(10)的胶合方法，所述车身元件(10)包括外观部件(2)和结构部件(3)，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：通过加热元件(4)加热所述结构部件(3)上的待胶合区域(31)，
步骤2：将一定量的胶合剂沉积在所述外观部件(2)的待胶合区域(21)上，
步骤3：将所述外观部件(2)放置在所述结构部件(3)上，
步骤4：将所述外观部件(2)压向所述结构部件(3)，而无需额外加热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，步骤1包括将所述加热元件(4)布置在所述结构部件的内侧，并且直接加热在所述结构部件(3)上的所述待胶合区域(31)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述结构部件(3)由比热容在20℃时大于1KJ·kg-1·k-1的材料形成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述结构部件(3)由在20℃时具有小于100×10-6m2/s的扩散率的材料形成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述结构部件(3)由在20℃时具有小于80W/mK的导热率的材料形成。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述结构部件(3)由选自以下列表的材料形成：
-玻璃纤维增强的聚丙烯(PPGFL)或碳纤维增强的聚丙烯，
-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)，
-聚碳酸酯(PC)，
-聚丙烯(PP)
-苯乙烯，
-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，
-热固性材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述热固性材料选自填充有玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维或其他填充材料的聚酯、乙烯基酯或环氧树脂。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述外观部件(2)由选自以下材料的材料形成：
-聚丙烯(PP)
-聚碳酸酯(PC)，
-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)，
-聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PPT)，
-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，
-聚乙烯(PE)
-环烯烃共聚物(COC)，
-布。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述加热元件(4)是用辐射的加热装置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述加热元件(4)是用红外线类型的辐射的加热装置。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，步骤1包括将所述待胶合区域(31)加热15至60秒，加热到95℃至125℃的温度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，步骤1包括将所述待胶合区域(31)加热25到35秒。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，步骤2包括使用能够在低于70℃的温度使所述胶合剂交联的胶合剂。
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