CN112753485A - Edible fungus culture medium containing codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves and using method - Google Patents
Edible fungus culture medium containing codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112753485A CN112753485A CN201911068504.6A CN201911068504A CN112753485A CN 112753485 A CN112753485 A CN 112753485A CN 201911068504 A CN201911068504 A CN 201911068504A CN 112753485 A CN112753485 A CN 112753485A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The invention provides an edible fungus culture medium containing codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves and a using method thereof. The edible fungus culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-140 parts of codonopsis pilosula stem leaves, 75 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar. After harvesting the codonopsis pilosula in autumn every year, collecting, cleaning, airing and crushing the overground part stems and leaves, uniformly mixing with other components in proportion, and carrying out material sealing, bagging, sterilization and cooling to obtain the codonopsis pilosula. The invention carries out scientific optimization on the common edible fungus culture medium, and the ratio of the stems and leaves of the codonopsis pilosula is strictly tested, so that the codonopsis pilosula can be applied to the production of common edible fungi in the market, and the resource utilization of the agricultural production waste of the codonopsis pilosula is realized. The invention has the characteristics of low cost, high yield, short period, safety and environmental protection, and has wide market space and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of edible fungus cultivation, and relates to a cultivation medium for preparing and producing edible fungi by using stems and leaves discarded in codonopsis pilosula agricultural production and a use method thereof. After the medicinal materials of the codonopsis pilosula are collected in autumn, the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves are burned and discarded as wastes, so that resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. Compared with a common medium, the novel edible fungus culture medium developed by utilizing the stem leaves of the codonopsis pilosula has the advantages that: 1. the production cycle of the edible fungi is shortened, the fungus growing stage can be shortened by 2-3 days, and the fruiting stage can be shortened by 2-3 days; 2. the yield is increased, and the average yield of the bags is improved by more than 10 percent; 3. the quality and flavor of the edible fungi are improved, the indexes such as the integrity, the pileus width, the stipe length and the like of the obtained edible fungi can reach high-quality standards, and the edible fungi have certain dangshen volatile flavor; 4. the obtained edible fungus contains rich health components, and has detected the functional components such as lobetyolin; 5. the method has the advantages of saving resources, protecting environment, fully utilizing agricultural wastes of the codonopsis pilosula, reducing waste and environmental pollution, along with simple use method and no need of manufacturing low-temperature environment in the spawn running stage.
Background
The radix Codonopsis is dried root of radix Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Campanulaceae, Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen and Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. The planting amount, the production amount, the export amount and the clinical dosage of the codonopsis pilosula are all great, the annual demand and the yield are about 5 million tons, and the main production areas include areas of north China, northeast and the like, and provinces of Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi and the like. Meanwhile, dangshen is also included in "annex 2" of "Notification about further standardization of health food raw material management" (Ware Farad institute No. [2002] 51) "of Ministry of health, which is a list of articles for health food, and can be used as a raw material of health food, and the safety of eating is high. The stem and leaf of the codonopsis pilosula are rich in resources, so that the overground part of the codonopsis pilosula has better development and utilization prospects. However, in autumn every year, after ten thousand tons of medicinal roots of codonopsis pilosula are harvested, a large amount of overground stem and leaf parts are burnt or discarded, so that resources are wasted, and the environment is polluted.
The waste material generated during harvesting the codonopsis pilosula mainly comprises stem and leaf parts and also has various health-care active ingredients. A plurality of reports indicate that the stem and leaf of the codonopsis pilosula are rich in active ingredients such as volatile oil, saponins, alkaloids and the like, and meanwhile, amino acids and trace elements are also rich. Researches show that the stems and leaves of radix codonopsitis contain more than 50 volatile oil substances such as fatty acid, ester, alcohol and the like, the content of total saponin is more than 4 percent, and alkaloids such as radix codonopsitis tannin, codonopsitis alkali and the like, amino acid and trace elements can also reach 2-10 times of the roots, which all show that the stems and leaves of radix codonopsitis have certain health care effect. We also detected the existence of lobetyolin in the stems and leaves of lobetyolin according to the method of 'Chinese pharmacopoeia' of 2015 edition. The stem and leaf of radix codonopsitis are also commonly used as feed additives at present, and are used in the breeding process of chickens, ducks, pigs and the like, and the functions of increasing the yield and increasing the immunity are frequently achieved. The health care function and the development potential of the codonopsis pilosula stem leaves have important significance for the reasonable utilization of the resources.
The method utilizes the stem and leaf parts of the abandoned codonopsis pilosula during the production, obtains the dry powder of the stems and leaves of the codonopsis pilosula through the steps of collecting, cleaning, airing, crushing, sieving, storing and the like, and obtains the formula of the culture medium for the mainstream edible fungi in the markets of oyster mushrooms, needle mushrooms and the like and the use method thereof through the formula experiment. The technology is simple to operate, is green and environment-friendly, can produce edible fungi with a certain health-care function, improves the economic value, and simultaneously provides a new way for reasonably utilizing resources and reducing environmental pollution. At present, no relevant report of the formula and the using method of the invention exists at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to produce a novel edible fungus culture medium by utilizing stem and leaf parts discarded in the agricultural production process of codonopsis pilosula and form a set of using method of the medium. The substrate has scientific formula, is strictly designed, and has the advantages that the adding proportion of the stems and leaves of the codonopsis pilosula is optimized and controlled to be 30-70%, so that the growth speed of various edible mushrooms can be increased to the maximum extent, the properties and the flavor of mushrooms are improved, the nutrition and health-care components are enriched, and deformed mushrooms and the like are not easy to appear. If the adding proportion of the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves is too low or too high, the phenomena of slow growth of edible fungi, unstable nutrition and health-care components, deformed mushrooms and the like can be caused. The substrate is applied to the planting process of main edible fungi such as oyster mushrooms and needle mushrooms, has the characteristics of shortening the period, increasing the yield, increasing the flavor and the like, and the obtained edible fungus product also contains certain health-care functional components. Meanwhile, the preparation process of the substrate is simple, the cost is low, the period is short, and the substrate is suitable for large-scale production.
Specifically, the technical steps of the invention are as follows:
(1) harvesting and processing of codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves: in autumn every year, after the medicinal root of the codonopsis pilosula is harvested, the overground part of stems and leaves of the codonopsis pilosula are harvested; cleaning rotten, mildewed and worm-eaten parts which are not suitable for application; cleaning the dust and other impurities on the stem and leaf of the codonopsis pilosula with clear water; drying in the sun or at 50-60 deg.C; pulverizing the stems and leaves of radix Codonopsis to 40-50 mesh; the stem and leaf powder of radix Codonopsis is stored to keep the raw materials clean, dry, and free of insects, mold, odor, etc.
(2) The formula of the culture medium comprises: 60-140 parts of codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf powder, 75 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar. Wherein the weight proportion of the codonopsis pilosula stem leaves in the whole formula is 30-70%. After the components are mixed uniformly, the water content is adjusted to be about 55-65%, the substrate is held by hand, the water drops are not generated when the water marks are seen by hand, and the water is scattered when falling to the ground.
(3) Preparing a culture medium: stuffing, namely piling the mixed matrix to stuff for 2 hours and then bagging, and also can stuff after fermenting for 5-6 days and supplementing a small amount of clear water; bagging, namely polypropylene bags, which are suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization, wherein the single-side opening or the double-side opening can be adopted, filling is carried out according to the specification of 500 g or 1000 g of each bag, the tightness or the looseness is not required, and the opening is sealed after filling; and (3) sterilization: sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 3-6 hr by high temperature, high pressure and high humidity sterilization, and completely cooling; storing, storing the culture medium in clean, cool and dry environment, and cleaning the fungus bags in time if there is contaminated fungus.
(4) Inoculating, growing and fruiting: inoculating, namely inoculating a small amount of edible fungus mother strains in an aseptic environment such as a super clean bench or an inoculation room, inoculating, and sealing; spawn running is carried out in a dark or low-light environment and a medium-low temperature environment below 20 ℃, ventilation, heat dissipation and the like are required when the stacking temperature is too high, the spawn running time is about 1 month, and hyphae grow over the whole spawn bag; fruiting, opening the seal, covering fruiting rings, and managing fruiting according to different edible fungus types, generally controlling low temperature below 20 deg.C and air humidity above 80%, keeping moisture and supplementing water, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests.
(5) Harvesting, trimming and packaging: harvesting, namely harvesting mushroom products in time according to different edible mushroom products and market demands, wherein fruiting can be harvested after opening a seal for 2-4 weeks generally, and a harvester needs to keep cleanness and sanitation and wear a mask, a work clothes and the like; trimming, namely performing the processes of trimming at will, grading on site, boxing, precooling and the like according to the product requirements; and (3) packaging, namely selecting a packaging material and a technology which meet the national standard according to the properties and characteristics of different edible fungus products, and packaging to reduce collision and damage seen by mushroom bodies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 detection of ingredients of edible fungi cultivated from Codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf
FIG. 1 shows the components of lobetyolin detected by thin layer, from left to right: 1: radix codonopsis alkynoside standard, 2: codonopsis pilosula medicinal material, 3: codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf, 4: oyster mushroom is produced by adding culture medium into 70% of codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves, and the ratio of (5): contains 30% of Codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf, and culture medium. Thin layer detection shows that lobetyolin can be detected from Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes.
Detailed description of the invention
Example 1 application of Codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf preparation culture medium to oyster mushroom planting
Harvesting and processing of codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves: collecting stems and leaves of radix Codonopsis produced in Changzhi city of Shanxi province in autumn, cleaning, air drying, grinding with a grinder, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, and storing for use. The formula of the culture medium is as follows: 140 parts of codonopsis pilosula stem leaves, 75 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar, after uniformly mixing the components, adjusting the water content to about 60%, and standing overnight. Preparing a fungus bag: opening a single side of a polypropylene bag, filling 500 g of materials according to the specification of the fungus bag, sealing, sterilizing at 122 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling for later use.
Inoculating bacteria: operating in a super clean bench, taking a small amount of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus cultivars, inoculating bacteria to a culture medium, and sealing. Spawn running: about 20 days after inoculation, hyphae overgrow the whole fungus bag, and the hyphae are strong and dense. Fruiting: 15-20 ℃, humidity of 80%, ventilation and weak light illumination, and fruiting is finished in about 10 days. Harvesting: timely harvesting, keeping the integrity of the oyster mushrooms, and grading according to related standards.
Compared with the common culture medium, the culture medium prepared from the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves has the following characteristics: 1. the production period of the oyster mushrooms is shortened, about 60 days are needed from the production of a common substrate to the fruiting harvesting, the fungus growing time of the culture substrate prepared from the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves is shortened by 2-3 days, the fruiting time is shortened by 2-3 days, the whole process can be harvested in about 55 days, and the hyphae grow more vigorously, robustly and densely. 2. The yield is increased, and compared with the average fresh weight (60.93 +/-13.12 g) and dry weight (8.38 +/-1.44 g) of the oyster mushroom produced in each fungus bag of the common substrate, the average fresh weight (95.47 +/-6.02 g) and dry weight (13.46 +/-1.72 g) of the oyster mushroom in each bag of the culture substrate prepared from the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves are obviously increased, and the yield increasing effect is achieved. 3. The characteristics and flavor of the oyster mushroom are measured according to the standards of the Ministry of agriculture of oyster mushroom, the culture medium prepared from the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves can increase the diameter of an oyster mushroom cap, a product with high specification grade is obtained, and the codonopsis pilosula has certain volatile flavor. 4. Active ingredients, and oyster mushroom grown in culture medium prepared from stems and leaves of radix Codonopsis have certain health promotion ingredients detected, and lobetyolin can be detected in dried oyster mushroom, as shown in figure 1 of the specification.
Example 2 application of Codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf prepared culture medium to needle mushroom planting
Harvesting and processing of codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves: collecting stems and leaves of radix Codonopsis produced in Changzhi city of Shanxi province in autumn, cleaning, air drying, grinding with a grinder, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, and storing for use. The formula of the culture medium is as follows: 60 parts of codonopsis pilosula stem leaves, 75 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar, after uniformly mixing the components, adjusting the water content to about 60%, and standing overnight. Preparing a fungus bag: opening a single side of a polypropylene bag, filling 500 g of materials according to the specification of the fungus bag, sealing, sterilizing at 122 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling for later use.
Inoculating bacteria: operating in a super clean bench, taking a small amount of Flammulina velutipes cultivars, inoculating bacteria to a culture medium, and sealing. Spawn running: about 25 days after inoculation, hyphae overgrow the whole fungus bag, and the hyphae are strong and dense. Fruiting: the mushroom is grown at 15 ℃ and humidity of 80%, left and right ventilation and weak illumination for about 14 days. Harvesting: timely harvesting to keep the integrity of the flammulina velutipes, and grading according to related standards.
Compared with the common culture medium, the culture medium prepared from the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves has the following characteristics: 1. the production period of the flammulina velutipes is shortened, about 70 days are needed from the production of a common substrate to the fruiting and harvesting, the fungus growing time is shortened by 2-3 days and the fruiting time is shortened by 2-3 days through the culture substrate prepared from the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves, the flammulina velutipes can be harvested in about 65 days in the whole process, and hyphae grow more vigorously, robustly and densely. 2. The yield is increased, compared with the average fresh weight (53.93 +/-9.32 g) and dry weight (7.44 +/-1.06 g) of the flammulina velutipes produced in each fungus bag of the common substrate, the average fresh weight (59.25 +/-8.86 g) and dry weight (9.66 +/-2.07) of the flammulina velutipes produced in each bag of the culture substrate prepared from the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves are obviously increased, and the yield increasing effect is achieved. 3. The characteristics and flavor of the flammulina velutipes are measured according to the flammulina velutipes standard, the cultivation substrate containing the codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves can be used for producing the flammulina velutipes to reach the first-level standard, high-specification-level products are obtained, and the flammulina velutipes has a certain codonopsis pilosula volatile flavor. 4. Active ingredients, namely flammulina velutipes produced by the culture medium containing the stems and leaves of the codonopsis pilosula have a small amount of health care ingredients detected, and the dried flammulina velutipes contains lobetyolin, as shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification.
Claims (1)
1. An edible fungus culture medium containing Codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf and its application method are provided. The method mainly utilizes stem and leaf parts discarded in the agricultural production process of the codonopsis pilosula to prepare a culture medium and produce edible fungi, and comprises the steps of harvesting and processing the stem and leaf parts of the codonopsis pilosula, the formula of the culture medium, and the preparation and use methods of the culture medium, and is applied to the culture production of the edible fungi. The culture medium is suitable for mainstream edible fungi in markets such as oyster mushrooms and needle mushrooms, and has multiple advantages including shortening the production period of the edible fungi, enabling hyphae to grow vigorously, increasing the yield of the edible fungi, improving the appearance and the flavor, and being rich in certain codonopsis pilosula health-care components. In addition, the invention fully utilizes the codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf resources, reduces waste and protects the environment.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting and processing of codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves: in autumn every year, after the medicinal root of the codonopsis pilosula is harvested, the overground part of stems and leaves of the codonopsis pilosula are harvested; cleaning the parts which are not suitable for application, such as rotten parts, mildewed parts, worm-eaten parts and the like; cleaning the dust and other impurities on the stem and leaf of the codonopsis pilosula with clear water; drying in the sun or at 50-60 deg.C; pulverizing the stems and leaves of radix Codonopsis, and sieving with 40-50 mesh sieve; the stem and leaf powder of radix Codonopsis is stored to keep the raw materials clean, dry, and free of insects, mold, odor, etc.
(2) The formula of the culture medium is as follows: 60-140 parts of codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf powder, 75 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar. Wherein the weight proportion of the codonopsis pilosula stem and leaf powder in the whole formula is about 30-70%. After the components are mixed uniformly, the water content is adjusted to be about 55-65%, the substrate is held by hand, the water drops are not generated when the water marks are seen by hand, and the water is scattered when falling to the ground.
(3) Preparing a culture medium: material sealing, stacking for more than 2 hours, or 5-6 days; bagging, namely high-temperature and high-pressure resistant fungus bags with single-side openings or double-side openings; filling according to the specification of the fungus bag, wherein the fungus bag is not too tight or too loose; sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 3-6 hr, and cooling; storing, storing the culture medium in clean, cool and dry environment, and cleaning the polluted fungus bags in time.
(4) Inoculating, growing and fruiting: inoculating, namely inoculating in an aseptic environment such as a super clean bench or an inoculation room, taking a small amount of edible fungus mother strains, inoculating, and sealing; spawn running is carried out in a spawn running field in a dark or low-light environment at the temperature of below 20 ℃, ventilation, heat dissipation and the like are required when the stacking temperature is too high, the spawn running time is about 1 month, and hyphae grow over the whole spawn bag; fruiting, opening the seal, covering fruiting rings, and managing fruiting according to different edible fungus types, generally controlling low temperature below 20 deg.C and air humidity above 80%, keeping moisture and supplementing water, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests.
(5) Harvesting, trimming and packaging: harvesting, namely harvesting mushroom products in time according to different edible mushroom products and market demands, wherein the mushroom products can be harvested after opening a seal for 2-4 weeks generally, and a harvester needs to keep cleanness and sanitation and wear a mask, a work clothes and the like; trimming, namely performing the processes of trimming at will, grading on site, boxing, precooling and the like according to the product requirements; and (3) packaging, namely selecting a packaging material and a technology which meet the national standard according to the properties and characteristics of different edible fungus products, and packaging to reduce collision and damage seen by mushroom bodies.
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| CN107353095A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-17 | 兰溪市奥而特农业科技有限公司 | A kind of golden mushroom plantation method |
| CN110122185A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-16 | 陕西中医药大学 | A kind of matrix and preparation method thereof for planting oyster mushroom |
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2019
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Patent Citations (8)
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| CN101234917A (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2008-08-06 | 曹德宾 | Pleurotus ostreatus cultivating substrate by using medicine slag and marsh slag and preparation method thereof |
| CN101597192A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-09 | 姚淑先 | Chinese herb culture medium, its preparation method and culturing edible fungi |
| CN102150554A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-17 | 王府 | Culture medium and planting method of astragali mushroom |
| CN104119114A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-10-29 | 卞小勇 | Traditional Chinese medicinal residue oyster mushroom cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
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