CN112753313A - Straw corrosion promoting method - Google Patents
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- CN112753313A CN112753313A CN202011625874.8A CN202011625874A CN112753313A CN 112753313 A CN112753313 A CN 112753313A CN 202011625874 A CN202011625874 A CN 202011625874A CN 112753313 A CN112753313 A CN 112753313A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of efficient resource utilization of crop straws, in particular to a straw corrosion promoting method. The method takes straws as raw materials, takes the leaf-eating grass as a decay promoting auxiliary agent, and improves the number and activity of soil microorganisms by matching the characteristics of high organic matter content of the straws and high protein content of the leaf-eating grass to an optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio range (C/N is 20-35:1) which is beneficial to straw decay, thereby obviously promoting straw decay and shortening straw degradation time; the simultaneous degradation of the straws and the leaf-eating grass is also beneficial to improving soil organic matters and soil nitrogen, quickly improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield. The leaf-eating grass is very easy to plant, the biomass is extremely large (the yield per mu is 20-40 tons), and the protein content can reach more than 32 percent. Compared with the traditional straw corrosion-promoting method, the method has the advantages of sufficient and stable raw material source, simple method, wide adaptability, greenness, no pollution and contribution to large-area popularization and demonstration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of efficient resource utilization of crop straws, in particular to a straw corrosion promoting method.
Background
The crop straws contain huge nutrients, and are important energy and resources. China is a big agricultural country, crop straw resources are very rich, and the crop straw yield can reach about 8 hundred million tons every year. However, as agricultural byproducts, a large amount of disposal and incineration problems exist for a long time, which pollute the environment and affect human health, and simultaneously cause huge waste of resources. The rice is used as the first large grain in China and staple food for more than half of the population in China, the planting area reaches 4.53 hundred million acres in 2017, and the produced straw reaches 2.24 hundred million tons. How to recycle the straw is a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
One of the very important ways for recycling the straws is straw returning, but the biggest obstacle of straw returning is that organic matters of the straws are extremely high, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is disordered after the straws are returned to the field, microbial decomposition is not facilitated, the decomposition speed is very slow, and if the time is not long enough, the straws which are not decomposed or are not decomposed completely have great influence on the growth of crops. In order to accelerate the decomposition speed of the straws, a decomposition accelerator needs to be added, for example, a straw decomposition accelerating method is disclosed in patent document 'a straw decomposition accelerating method and application thereof in acid soil improvement' (CN 108164371A). in the method, the straws are used as raw materials, calcium salt and sepiolite powder are used as decomposition accelerating additives, and urea is added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio; a straw decomposition-promoting microbial inoculum and preparation and application thereof are disclosed in patent document (CN 102234616B), and the straw decomposition-promoting microbial inoculum comprises mould, actinomycetes, bacteria and the like. On one hand, the decomposition promoting agents mainly use nitrogen-containing compounds such as urea and the like to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, on the other hand, one or more decomposition promoting agents are mainly added to improve the number of microorganisms capable of decomposing straws, the nitrogen-containing compounds are high in price, but the nitrogen-containing compounds are excessively used to easily cause non-point source pollution and the like, and the nitrogen-containing compounds are high in price, harsh in microbial agent culture conditions, complex to apply and difficult to popularize and use in a large area.
The leaf-eating grass is also called as proteinic grass (vegetable) because of high protein content, the protein content of the leaf-eating grass can reach more than 32 percent, and the leaf-eating grass belongs to perennial root herbaceous plants and Rumex in the Polygonaceae. The leaf-eating grass is a new variety obtained by biological hybridization technology, has strong growth adaptability and extremely large biomass, can reach 20-40 tons per mu, and is popularized and developed artificially in China in nearly 10 years. Researches find that under proper conditions, the optimum carbon-nitrogen ratio of straw decomposition is 20-35:1, the water content is 50-60%, and the condition is also optimum for soil microorganism growth and reproduction, so that the quantity and activity of soil indigenous microorganisms are improved, and the key of straw decomposition is realized.
Therefore, a method for promoting the rotting of the straw and the leaf-eating grass is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art and provides a straw corrosion promoting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the straw corrosion promoting method comprises the following steps:
a straw corrosion promoting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mechanically harvesting the mature rice, crushing the rice straw to 10-15 cm, and scattering the crushed rice straw on the ground surface after harvesting the rice;
s2, cutting the leaf eating grass to be 0.5-3 cm wide, and uniformly scattering the leaf eating grass on the ground surface;
s3, turning over the ground, namely turning over the straws and the leaf-eating grass until the soil is covered;
and S4, draining water after 24-48 hours of water flooding, and keeping the soil wet for more than one week.
4. The straw rotting promoting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the application amount of the leaf-eating grass is calculated according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the adjusted straw and the adjusted leaf-eating grass being 20-35: 1.
5. The straw rotting promoting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S4, after 24-48 hours of water flooding, water is added, and the soil is kept wet for 10-15 days.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a straw corrosion promoting method. The method has the following beneficial effects:
the straw decay promoting method takes straws as raw materials, takes the leaf-eating grass as a decay promoting auxiliary agent, regulates the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be in the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio range (C/N is 20-35:1) beneficial to straw decay through the characteristics of high organic matter content and high protein content of the straws, improves the number and activity of soil microorganisms, can obviously promote straw decay, and shortens the straw degradation time; the degradation of the straws and the leaf eating grass simultaneously is also beneficial to improving soil organic matters and soil nitrogen, improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield.
Meanwhile, compared with the traditional straw rotting-promoting method, the leaf-eating grass is very easy to plant, the biomass is extremely large (20-40 tons per mu), the protein content can reach more than 32 percent, and the method is adopted as the rotting-promoting auxiliary agent, so that the raw material source is sufficient and stable, the method is simple, the adaptability is wide, the method is green and pollution-free, and large-area popularization and demonstration are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing results of a first experiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the results of a second experiment in the present invention
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the results of a third experiment in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1: a straw decay promoting method is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1: mechanically harvesting the mature rice, crushing the rice straw to 10-15 cm, and scattering the crushed rice straw on the ground surface;
s2, cutting the leaf eating grass to be 0.5-3 cm wide, and uniformly scattering the leaf eating grass on the ground surface;
s3, turning over the ground, namely turning over the straws and the leaf-eating grass until the soil is covered;
and S4, draining water after 24-48 hours of water flooding, and keeping the soil moist for 10 days.
In S1-S2, 89.5% of straw organic matters (carbon is 34.61%), 32.3% of leaf eating grass protein (nitrogen is 5.168%), and the straw amount per mu is calculated according to the ratio of rice to grass of 0.5 ton to rice of 1: 1.2 is calculated as 0.6 ton (dry basis) in a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25: 1, adding the leaf-eating grass (dry basis) per mu as follows: 290 kg, calculated as 80% moisture, of herbivore is added to about 1.5 ton/mu.
And collecting soil after two months to test soil organic matters, soil total nitrogen and soil microorganism biomass carbon, and planting rice in the next year to test yield.
Soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen represent two important factors of soil fertility, wherein the soil organic matter is determined by a sulfuric acid-potassium permanganate oxidation method, and the soil total nitrogen is determined by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method. The soil microorganism biomass carbon is measured by adopting a chloroform fumigation-potassium sulfate leaching method so as to reflect the number of microorganisms in the soil.
Example 2: a straw decay promoting method is shown in figure 2 and comprises the following steps:
s1: mechanically harvesting the rice after the rice is mature, crushing the rice straw into 10-15 cm by using a harvester, and scattering the crushed rice straw on the ground surface;
s2, cutting the leaf eating grass to be 0.5-3 cm wide, and uniformly scattering the leaf eating grass on the ground surface;
s3, turning the soil with a tractor, and turning the straws and the leaf-eating grass to the soil;
and S4, draining water after 24-48 hours of water flooding, and keeping the soil moist for 15 days.
In S1-S2, 92% of straw organic matter (carbon is 35.58%), 33.6% of leaf eating grass protein (nitrogen is 5.376%), 0.5 ton of rice and 1 of millet-straw ratio per mu of straw: 1.2 is calculated as 0.6 ton (dry basis) in a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 30: 1, adding the leaf-eating grass (dry basis) per mu as follows: 136 kg, calculated as 80% moisture, about 0.7 ton/mu of herbivore is added.
And collecting soil after two months to test soil organic matters, soil total nitrogen and soil microorganism biomass carbon, and planting rice in the next year to test yield.
Soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen represent two important factors of soil fertility, wherein the soil organic matter is determined by a sulfuric acid-potassium permanganate oxidation method, and the soil total nitrogen is determined by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method. The soil microorganism biomass carbon is measured by adopting a chloroform fumigation-potassium sulfate leaching method so as to reflect the number of microorganisms in the soil.
Example 3: a straw decay promoting method is shown in figure 3 and comprises the following steps:
s1: mechanically harvesting the rice after the rice is mature, crushing the rice straw into 10-15 cm by using a harvester, and scattering the crushed rice straw on the ground surface;
s2, cutting the leaf eating grass to be 0.5-3 cm wide, and uniformly scattering the leaf eating grass on the ground surface;
s3, turning the soil with a tractor, and turning the straws and the leaf-eating grass to the soil;
and S4, draining water after 24-48 hours of water flooding, and keeping the soil wet for 12 days.
In S1-S2, 87.2% of straw organic matters (carbon is 33.72%), 32% of leaf eating grass protein (nitrogen is 5.12%), 0.5 ton of rice and 1 of millet-straw ratio per mu of straw: 1.2 is calculated as 0.6 ton (dry basis) in a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 20: 1, adding the leaf-eating grass (dry basis) per mu as follows: 560 kg, calculated as 80% moisture, added with about 2.8 tons/mu of herbivore.
And collecting soil after two months to test soil organic matters, soil total nitrogen and soil microorganism biomass carbon, and planting rice in the next year to test yield.
Soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen represent two important factors of soil fertility, wherein the soil organic matter is determined by a sulfuric acid-potassium permanganate oxidation method, and the soil total nitrogen is determined by a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method. The soil microorganism biomass carbon is measured by adopting a chloroform fumigation-potassium sulfate leaching method so as to reflect the number of microorganisms in the soil.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A straw corrosion promoting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mechanically harvesting the mature rice, crushing the rice straw to 10-15 cm, and scattering the crushed rice straw on the ground surface after harvesting the rice;
s2, cutting the leaf eating grass to be 0.5-3 cm wide, and uniformly scattering the leaf eating grass on the ground surface;
s3, turning over the ground, namely turning over the straws and the leaf-eating grass until the soil is covered;
and S4, draining water after 24-48 hours of water flooding, and keeping the soil wet for more than one week.
2. The straw rotting promoting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the application amount of the leaf-eating grass is calculated according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the adjusted straw and the adjusted leaf-eating grass being 20-35: 1.
3. The straw rotting promoting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S4, after 24-48 hours of water flooding, water is added, and the soil is kept wet for 10-15 days.
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Citations (6)
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| AU2014254489A1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2016-01-07 | lurii N. SAMOILENKO | Method for restoration and increase of soil fertility, in particular on desert or semi-desert crop areas |
| CN108738454A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of improvement of soil fertility integrated approach reducing ratooning rice rice field greenhouse gas emission |
| CN108990459A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-14 | 安徽农业大学 | Promote rotten method suitable for the direct returning to farmland along Huaihe River area rice stubble wheat straw |
| CN110692306A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-17 | 黑龙江中天惠鑫农业科技有限公司 | Novel method for improving saline-alkali soil |
| CN110972595A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-10 | 扬州大学 | Method for returning rice straws to field in cold region and autumn |
| CN111512914A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for returning all straws to field in continuous cropping planting of rice |
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2020
- 2020-12-31 CN CN202011625874.8A patent/CN112753313A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2014254489A1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2016-01-07 | lurii N. SAMOILENKO | Method for restoration and increase of soil fertility, in particular on desert or semi-desert crop areas |
| CN108738454A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of improvement of soil fertility integrated approach reducing ratooning rice rice field greenhouse gas emission |
| CN108990459A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-14 | 安徽农业大学 | Promote rotten method suitable for the direct returning to farmland along Huaihe River area rice stubble wheat straw |
| CN110692306A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-17 | 黑龙江中天惠鑫农业科技有限公司 | Novel method for improving saline-alkali soil |
| CN110972595A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-10 | 扬州大学 | Method for returning rice straws to field in cold region and autumn |
| CN111512914A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for returning all straws to field in continuous cropping planting of rice |
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