CN112750356A - Sand box model, physical simulation method and system for stretching deformation and application - Google Patents
Sand box model, physical simulation method and system for stretching deformation and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock circle stretching deformation simulation, and discloses a sand box model, a stretching deformation physical simulation method, a stretching deformation physical simulation system and application. The first layer was silicone, the second layer was wet clay, and the third layer was quartz sand. The simulation material of the upper mantle of the rock ring can also be honey, paraffin or plasticized rosin and the like; the simulation material of the tough crust can also be plasticine, kaolin and the like; the brittle crust-simulating material may also be clay, gypsum, talcum powder, etc. The invention makes up the limitation that the existing physical simulation experiment method can only simulate the stretching brittle deformation of the earth crust shallow layer, so that the structural physical simulation experiment can simulate the stretching structural deformation characteristics of the whole rock ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock ring stretching deformation simulation, and particularly relates to a sand box model, a stretching deformation physical simulation method, a stretching deformation physical simulation system and application.
Background
At present: the structure simulation experiment is a physical experiment method for researching and simulating deformation characteristics, causation mechanism and dynamic process of natural geological structure phenomena, and is also called as a structure physical simulation experiment. The structural physical simulation experiment is to reproduce the formation and evolution process of a certain structure according to actual geological conditions or backgrounds under laboratory conditions, demonstrate the control action or effect between deformation characteristics and various physical parameters in a system in which the experiment and the actual geological body are similar to each other, experimentally illustrate the causative mechanism of the researched structure, and provide experimental evidence of the causal relationship between the structural deformation characteristics and the physical parameters such as the properties of rock and stone materials, boundary conditions, force action mechanisms and rates.
The existing physical simulation experiment method is a physical simulation experiment method for constructing a conversion belt in a stretching environment, the physical simulation experiment device for constructing the conversion belt in the stretching environment comprises a power device, an experiment box and a camera, wherein a plastic film or a rubber skin is laid at the bottom of the experiment box firstly to transmit stretching stress, and then an experiment material is laid on the plastic film or the rubber skin. This experimental box and this power device are vertical relatively, and this power device arranges this experimental box both sides in, and this power device carries out horizontal migration in the experiment is gone on to simulate the stress variation on the different horizontal directions, this camera is located the top of this experimental box, records the experimentation. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) before the experimental instrument runs, a plastic film or rubber is fixed at the bottom of the test box, so that the force transmission under the stretching condition is facilitated. If the preexisting break already existed during the experimental simulation period, the preexisting break is characterized to a plastic film or rubber skin. (2) The test materials are laid in test boxes, such as quartz sand, kaolin, and the like. (3) The power is switched on. And starting the computer, and setting the movement speed and the movement distance of the motor. And starting the camera to record. (4) The scale is put in advance to the suitable position of proof box, and starter motor, motor drive rubber skin begin to move, and the experimental materials in the proof box begin to warp, records the deformation data of experimental materials through the video recording. (5) When the movement speed and the movement distance of the motor reach preset values, the motor stops moving, the experimental instrument is closed, the camera is closed, and experimental materials are cleaned. Experimental studies were performed on the recorded deformation data.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing physical simulation experiment method for the structure in the stretching environment generally only sets a single-layer sand box or a brittle and ductile double-layer sand box to simulate the deformation of the earth crust structure, and when the deformation of a deep complex structure of a rock ring is involved, the stretching deformation characteristic of the rock ring cannot be well simulated in the prior art. If set up the single-deck sand box model, regard the deformation process of crust as an independent body, only set up one deck fragility layer, can not simulate out the rock circle and go up the crust through the upper portion that the flow drives and carry out layering extension this geology fact. When setting up brittle ductility double-deck sand box, lower part ductile layer is upper portion brittle layer immediately, and two-layer material property changes greatly, lacks the rock collar mantle below, can not fine reduction rock collar's layered structure, consequently can restrict the final effect and the reliability that rock collar extended deformation tested.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: in order to solve the problems, on the basis of a double-layer sand box model, a ductile layer representing a mantle of a rock ring is added at the lower part, a tough transition layer is added between the ductile layer and a brittle layer to represent a lower crust, and the thickness and the material ratio of each layer are shown in claim 5.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: set up three-layer sand box experimental model, can better simulate the rheological structure of rock circle and the characteristics of layering extension deformation, thereby improve the reliability of model's accuracy promotion experiment, provide effectual technological means for studying rock circle structure deformation and deep fault's development evolution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sand box model, a physical simulation method and system for stretching deformation and application.
The invention is realized in such a way that the sand box model is provided with a first layer which is a simulation material layer of the upper mantle on the rock ring, a second layer which is a simulation material of the tough crust, and a third layer which is a simulation material of the brittle crust.
Further, the first layer is a silicone layer, the second layer is a wet clay layer, and the third layer is a quartz sand layer.
Furthermore, the simulation material of the upper mantle of the rock ring can also be honey, paraffin or plasticized rosin and the like; the simulation material of the tough crust can also be plasticine, kaolin and the like; the brittle crust-simulating material may also be clay, gypsum, talcum powder, etc.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a physical simulation method for extension deformation using the flask model, the physical simulation method for extension deformation including the steps of:
firstly, fixing the bottom of an experimental sand box on organic glass plates on two sides by using rubber;
secondly, determining the layered structure characteristics of the model materials of the three-layer experimental sand box and the thickness proportion of each layer according to the similar proportion coefficient, so that the layered structure characteristics are close to the layered proportion of the rock mass ring strength structure;
thirdly, laying simulation materials into an experimental sandbox layer by layer; the first layer has a density of 1g/cm3Viscosity of 2X 104～3×104The silicone of Pa.s is paved on the rubber at the bottom of the sand box; taking out a proper amount of silicone by using a triangular shovel, putting the silicone into a sand box model, and automatically leveling the silicone; the second wet clay layer can be laid after the silicone is kept stand and leveled, and the silicone leveling needs a certain time, which is about one hour;
fourthly, after the silicone is leveled, a second layer of simulation material is laid, and the density of the second layer is 1.4g/cm3The method comprises the following steps of (1) placing a wet clay simulated tough crust with an internal friction angle of 20-24 degrees on a silicone layer, and trowelling the wet clay to uniformly distribute the wet clay; if the layer of the prior fault development layer is in the tough crust, the fault is required to be preset in the wet clay layer after the wet clay layer is laid, and then the quartz sand layer is laid;
fifthly, laying a third quartz sand layer with the density of 1.7g/cm and 200 meshes3Simulating a brittle crust of a shallow rock ring by using quartz sand with an internal friction angle of 31-41 degrees, uniformly scattering the quartz sand on a wet clay layer, and then trowelling the quartz sand by using a trowel;
sixthly, according to actual conditions, if a pre-existing fault exists in the simulated research area, presetting the fault at a corresponding position of the experimental flask model;
seventhly, presetting the stretching speed and the stretching distance of the power shaft on the right side of the multifunctional physical simulator;
eighthly, starting a power shaft on the right side of the multifunctional physical simulator to extend, and simultaneously starting a camera to record a video of the experimental process;
and ninthly, when the extension distance of the sand box model reaches a preset value, stopping the motion of the power shaft, stopping video recording, closing the camera, cleaning experimental materials and restoring the experimental equipment.
Further, in the three-layer experimental sand box model of the stretching deformation physical simulation method, from bottom to top, the simulation material of the upper mantle of the first layer is silicone, the simulation material of the tough crust of the second layer is wet clay, and the simulation material of the brittle crust of the third layer is quartz sand; wherein the silicone layer: wet clay layer: the thickness proportion of the quartz sand layer is the proportion of an actual geological model.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an extension deformation physical simulation system using the flask model, the extension deformation physical simulation system being provided with:
an experimental sand box;
the experiment sand box is the cuboid, and long border is the glass baffle, and left and right both sides are organic glass, and left side organic glass is fixed, and right side organic glass is connected with the power shaft, plays the effect of transmission power.
Further, the experimental model comprises a silicone layer, a wet clay layer and a quartz sand layer from bottom to top in sequence.
Furthermore, the long side of the experimental sand box consists of two pieces of glass, the short side of the experimental sand box consists of two pieces of organic glass, the left side of the experimental sand box is fixed, the right side of the experimental sand box is connected with a power shaft of the multifunctional physical simulation instrument, and the camera is fixed above the model of the experimental sand box by a triangular support.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a rock crib stretching deformation simulation method using the flask model.
The invention also aims to provide a geological structure physical simulation method which uses the sand box model.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the preparation work before the experiment is carried out, the bottom of the experimental sand box is fixed on the baffle plates at the two sides by rubber, and the power shaft is favorable for pulling the right baffle plate so as to drive the rubber to carry out force transmission. The stretching speed and the stretching displacement of the right power shaft of the multifunctional physical simulator are preset, the stretching speed preset in experiments is fast and slow, the experiment results can be directly influenced, and a large number of experiments prove that the stretching speed is less than 0.1mm/s, so that the formation of a detached fault is facilitated, and the shooting and recording are facilitated; the extension displacement is reasonably set in combination with the actual condition of the research area. When the stretching displacement of the sand box model reaches the preset value, the power shaft automatically stops moving, the video recording is stopped, the camera is closed, the experimental materials are cleaned, the experimental equipment is reset and recovered, and the next experiment is facilitated.
The invention makes up the limitation that the existing stretching physical simulation experiment method can only simulate the brittle deformation of the crust shallow layer, and realizes the spanning from the simulation of the stretching structure deformation of the crust to the simulation of the structural deformation characteristic of the whole rock ring in the structural physical simulation experiment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a physical simulation method for stretching deformation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a stretching deformation physical simulation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a silicone layer, a wet clay layer, and a quartz sand layer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an experimental sand box; 2. a camera; 3. glass; 4. a left organic glass baffle (fixed); 5. a right organic glass baffle; 6. a power shaft; 7. a silicone layer; 8. a wet clay layer; 9. a quartz sand layer; 10. rubber sheets; 11. a triangular support.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of the triple-flask model provided by the embodiment of the present invention; in fig. 4: (a) intensity profile; (b) a model intensity profile; (c) a cross-sectional view.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sand box model, a physical stretching deformation simulation method, a system and application thereof, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the physical simulation method for stretching deformation provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
s101: fixing the bottom of an experimental sand box on organic glass plates on two sides by using rubber;
s102: determining the layered structure characteristics of the model materials of the three-layer experimental sand box and the thickness proportion of each layer according to the similar proportion coefficient, so that the layered structure characteristics are close to the layered proportion of the rock mass ring strength structure;
s103: laying simulation materials into an experimental sand box layer by layer; the first layer has a density of about 1g/cm3Viscosity of 2X 104～3×104The silicone of Pa.s is paved on the rubber at the bottom of the sand box; taking out a proper amount of silicone by using a triangular shovel, putting the silicone into a sand box model, and automatically leveling the silicone; the second wet clay layer can be laid after the silicone is kept stand and leveled, and the silicone leveling needs a certain time, which is about one hour;
s104: after leveling of the silicone, a second layer of the simulant was laid down, the second layer having a density of about 1.4g/cm3The method comprises the following steps of (1) placing a wet clay simulated tough crust with an internal friction angle of 20-24 degrees on a silicone layer, and troweling the wet clay to ensure that the wet clay is uniformly distributed, and compacting a part of the wet clay to a certain extent to increase the strength of the wet clay; if the development layer of the pre-existing fault is in the tough crust, the fault needs to be preset in the wet clay layer after the wet clay layer is laid, and then quartz sand is laidA layer;
s105: laying a third quartz sand layer with a 200-mesh density of about 1.7g/cm3Simulating a brittle crust of a shallow rock ring by using quartz sand with an internal friction angle of 31-41 degrees, uniformly scattering the quartz sand on a wet clay layer, and slightly trowelling the quartz sand by using a trowel;
s106: according to the actual situation, if a pre-existing fault exists in the simulated research area, presetting the fault at the corresponding position of the experimental sand box model;
s107: presetting the stretching rate and the stretching displacement of a power shaft on the right side of the multifunctional physical simulator;
s108: starting a power shaft on the right side of the multifunctional physical structure simulator to extend, and simultaneously starting a camera to record a video of an experimental process;
s109: and when the stretching displacement of the sand box model reaches a preset value, stopping the motion of the power shaft, stopping video recording, closing the camera, cleaning experimental materials, and returning and restoring the experimental equipment.
In step S104: after the silicone is leveled, the silicone can be bonded with glass at the boundary, so that abnormal stretching deformation occurs to the long boundary of the model in the stretching process, the development of the fracture layer in the model can be greatly influenced, and therefore, the silicone is required to be separated from the glass on two sides by a blade before the second layer is laid.
Those skilled in the art can also implement the method of physical simulation of stretching deformation by using other steps, and the method of physical simulation of stretching deformation provided by the present invention in fig. 1 is only one specific example. The organic glass is used as a baffle plate and can be replaced by a steel plate, an aluminum plate and the like, the fixed position of the baffle plate can be adjusted to the right side according to specific conditions, the left side of the baffle plate is provided with a power shaft, and the two sides of the baffle plate can be simultaneously provided with the power shafts, so that bidirectional extension is realized.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present invention provides a physical simulation system for stretching deformation, comprising: the device comprises an experimental sand box 1, a camera 2, glass 3, a left organic glass baffle (fixed) 4, a right organic glass baffle 5, a power shaft 6, a silicone layer 7, a wet clay layer 8, a quartz sand layer 9, a rubber sheet 10 and a triangular support 11.
The long border of experiment sand box 1 is glass 3, the left side of experiment sand box 1 is left side organic glass baffle (fixed) 4, the right side of experiment sand box 1 is right side organic glass baffle 5, install camera 2 through triangular support 11 on the experiment sand box 1, right side organic glass baffle 5 is connected with power shaft 6, left side organic glass (fixed) 4, the bottom is rubber 10 between the organic glass baffle 5 of right side, on the rubber 10, be silicone layer 7 from bottom to top in proper order, wet clay layer 8, quartzy sand layer 9.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The invention provides a physical simulation experiment method applied to rock circle stretching deformation, which takes the stretching deformation characteristic of a rock circle structure in Shanxi province as an example and aims at the problems of model setting, pre-setting of pre-existing faults, high stretching speed and the like of the rock circle structure.
The invention aims to provide a physical simulation experiment method for performing rheological stratification and stratified extension on a rock ring by using a multifunctional structural physical simulator. The specific operation steps of the experiment are as follows:
(1) the preparation work before the experiment is firstly fixed on the organic glass on two sides by the rubber at the bottom of the experimental sand box, so that the power shaft can pull the organic glass on the right side to drive the rubber to transmit the force.
(2) And determining the layered structure characteristics of the model materials of the three-layer experimental sand box and the thickness proportion of each layer according to the similar proportion coefficient, so that the layered structure characteristics are close to the layered proportion of the rock ring strength structure. In the three-layer experimental sand box model, from bottom to top, the simulation material of the upper mantle of the first layer is silicone, the simulation material of the tough crust of the second layer is wet clay, and the simulation material of the brittle crust of the third layer is quartz sand. Wherein the thickness ratio of the silicone layer to the wet clay layer to the quartz sand layer is the actual geological model ratio.
(3) And paving the simulation materials into an experimental sand box layer by layer. First, the first layer is applied with a density of about 1g/cm3Viscosity of 2X 104～3×104And Pa.s of silicone is paved on the rubber at the bottom of the sand box. Because the silicone is fluid, a proper amount of silicone is taken out by a triangular shovel and then put into a sand box model, and then the sand box model is kept stand until the silicone is automatically leveled. The second wet clay layer was laid after silicone leveling, which took about one hour.
(4) After the silicone leveling, a second layer of the simulant was laid. The density for the second layer is about 1.4g/cm3And the wet clay with the internal friction angle of 20-24 degrees simulates a tough crust, is placed on the silicone layer, and is smoothed by a trowel, so that the wet clay is uniformly distributed, and part of the wet clay is compacted to a certain extent, and the strength of the wet clay is improved. If the layer of the prior fault development layer is in the tough crust, the fault needs to be preset in the wet clay layer after the wet clay layer is laid, and then the quartz sand layer is laid.
(5) And then laying a third quartz sand layer. The density of 200 meshes is about 1.7g/cm3And (3) simulating the brittle crust of the shallow rock ring by using quartz sand with an internal friction angle of 31-41 degrees, uniformly scattering the quartz sand on the wet clay layer, and slightly trowelling the quartz sand by using a trowel.
(6) According to the actual situation, if the pre-existing fault exists in the simulated research area, the fault needs to be preset at the corresponding position of the experimental flask model. It is worth noting that if the pre-existing fault development layer is positioned in the simulated second wet clay layer, the pre-existing fault is required to be pre-arranged before the wet clay layer is laid, and then the third quartz sand layer is laid; if the pre-existing fault is located in the simulated quartz sand layer, the fault can be pre-arranged after the three-layer sand box model is laid.
(7) The stretching speed and the stretching displacement of the power shaft on the right side of the physical simulator with the multifunctional structure are preset. The stretching speed preset in the experiment can directly influence the experiment result, and a large number of experiments prove that the stretching speed of less than 0.1mm/s is beneficial to the formation of a fault and is convenient for shooting and recording; the extension displacement is reasonably set in combination with the actual condition of the research area.
(8) And starting the power shaft on the right side of the multifunctional physical simulator to extend, and simultaneously starting the camera to record the video in the experimental process.
(9) When the stretching displacement of the sand box model reaches a preset value, the power shaft stops moving, the video recording is stopped, the camera is closed, the experimental material is cleaned, the experimental equipment is reset and recovered, and the sand box model is convenient to reuse.
In the three-layer experimental sandbox of the physical simulation method, the simulation material of the mantle on the first layer of rock ring can replace silicone with honey, paraffin, plasticized rosin and the like; the simulation material of the second layer of the tough crust can replace wet clay by plasticine, kaolin and the like; the third layer of brittle crust-simulating material may be clay, gypsum, talcum powder, etc. instead of quartz sand.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The sand box model is characterized in that a first layer (the bottommost layer) of the sand box model is a simulation material layer of a mantle on a rock ring, a second layer is a simulation material of a tough crust, and a third layer is a brittle crust simulation material.
2. A flask model of claim 1 wherein said first layer is silicone, said second layer is wet clay and said third layer is quartz sand.
3. A flask model according to claim 1 wherein the simulated material of the mantle on the rock collar is further selected from the group consisting of honey, paraffin, and plasticized rosin; the simulation material of the tough crust can also be plasticine and kaolin; the brittle crust-simulating material may also be clay, gypsum or talc.
4. A physical simulation method of extension deformation using the flask model according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
firstly, fixing the bottom of an experimental sand box on organic glass plates on two sides by using rubber;
secondly, determining the layered structure characteristics of the model materials of the three-layer experimental sand box and the thickness proportion of each layer according to the similar proportion coefficient, so that the layered structure characteristics are close to the layered proportion of the rock mass ring strength structure;
thirdly, laying simulation materials into an experimental sandbox layer by layer; the first layer has a density of 1g/cm3Viscosity of 2X 104～3×104The silicone of Pa.s is paved on the rubber at the bottom of the sand box; taking out a proper amount of silicone by using a triangular shovel, putting the silicone into a sand box model, and automatically leveling the silicone; the second wet clay layer can be laid after the silicone is kept stand and leveled, and the silicone leveling needs a certain time which is one hour;
fourthly, after the silicone is leveled, a second layer of simulation material is laid, and the density of the second layer is 1.4g/cm3The method comprises the following steps of (1) placing a wet clay simulated tough crust with an internal friction angle of 20-24 degrees on a silicone layer, and trowelling the wet clay to uniformly distribute the wet clay; if the pre-existing fault development layer is in the tough crust, the layer is required to be pre-broken after the wet clay layer is laidLaying a quartz sand layer;
fifthly, laying a third quartz sand layer with 200 meshes and 1.7g/cm of density3Simulating a brittle crust of a shallow rock ring by using quartz sand with an internal friction angle of 31-41 degrees, uniformly scattering the quartz sand on a wet clay layer, and then trowelling the quartz sand by using a trowel;
sixthly, according to actual conditions, if a pre-existing fault exists in the simulated research area, presetting the fault at a corresponding position of the experimental flask model;
seventhly, presetting the stretching speed and the stretching distance of the power shaft on the right side of the multifunctional physical simulator;
eighthly, starting a power shaft on the right side of the multifunctional physical simulator to extend, and simultaneously starting a camera to record a video of the experimental process;
and ninthly, when the extension distance of the sand box model reaches a preset value, stopping the motion of the power shaft, stopping video recording, closing the camera, cleaning experimental materials and restoring the experimental equipment.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the model of the three-layered experimental flask is made of silicone, the model of the tough crust is made of wet clay, and the model of the brittle crust is made of quartz sand; wherein the thickness ratio of the silicone layer to the wet clay layer to the quartz sand layer is determined according to an actual geological model.
6. An extension deformation physical simulation system using the flask model according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the extension deformation physical simulation system is provided with:
an experimental sand box;
the experiment sand box is the cuboid, and long border is the glass baffle, and left and right both sides are organic glass, and left side organic glass is fixed, and right side organic glass is connected with the power shaft, plays the effect of transmission power.
7. The extensional deformation physical simulation system of claim 6 wherein the experimental flask is, from bottom to top, a silicone layer, a wet clay layer and a quartz sand layer.
8. The system according to claim 6, wherein the long side of the experimental flask is made of double-sided fixed glass, the short side of the flask is made of two pieces of plexiglass, the left side of the flask is fixed, the right side of the flask is connected with the power shaft of the multifunctional physical simulator, and the camera is fixed above the model of the experimental flask by a tripod.
9. A rock circle stretching deformation simulation method using the flask model according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
10. A physical simulation method of a geological structure, which uses the flask model according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| 赵仕俊等: "地质构造常规物理模拟实验方法研究", 《石油仪器》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113976820A (en) * | 2021-10-30 | 2022-01-28 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | Fault presetting device for sand box experiment and fault forming method |
| CN113976820B (en) * | 2021-10-30 | 2023-11-21 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | Device for presetting faults in sand box experiment and fault forming method |
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