CN112745166A - Method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising - Google Patents
Method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising, which comprises the steps of adding dried sludge into a stirrer; adding the prepared rice growth regulator, modified montmorillonite and water-retaining agent into water, and mixing to obtain a mixed material; sequentially adding the mixed materials, the nutrient additive, the fermented livestock and poultry manure, the high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, the bentonite powder and the trace element mixture into a stirrer for mixing; obtaining nutrient soil; collecting waste mushroom dregs, crushing, sterilizing and destroying extracellular polymeric substances and mycelium cells of the mushroom dregs; obtaining mushroom dregs; mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs; then conveying the mixture into a granulator through a belt conveyor for granulation to obtain a nutrient soil and bacterial residue mixed fertilizer; the invention can well promote the activity of the rice root system, promote the absorption of nutrition, adsorb heavy metals in soil and avoid the influence on the rice production caused by the faster evaporation speed of the nutrient components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and relates to a method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs, in particular to a method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising of rice.
Background
The nutrient soil is bed soil which is specially prepared for satisfying the growth and development of seedlings, contains various mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and does not have diseases and insect pests. The nutrient soil is generally prepared by mixing fertile field soil and decomposed animal manure; the mushroom dregs are culture medium residues obtained by carrying out substitute cultivation on edible mushrooms by using straws, sawdust and other raw materials after receiving the mushrooms; is a compound of components such as edible fungus mycelium residues and crude fibers with qualitative changes in structure through the enzymolysis of the edible fungus.
The comparison document CN112075320A belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of urban domestic sludge and soil fertilizers, and more particularly relates to a system and a method for preparing organic nutrient soil from urban domestic sludge, the organic nutrient soil and application thereof. The system comprises: the device comprises a pretreatment unit, a high-temperature high-pressure reaction unit, a decomposition and energy recovery unit, an organic nutrient soil extraction unit, an organic nutrient soil shaping unit and a central monitoring and regulating unit for controlling the operation of all units. The sludge treatment process can be carried out through automatic equipment, the central monitoring and regulating unit monitors and regulates the operation parameters of all units through a human-computer interface, operators do not directly contact with the sludge, and the operation condition is convenient to check and adjust. The problems that in a traditional mode, the automation level is low, the industrial operation degree is not high, the influence of the management level and the operation level of operators is large, effective management and control on the quality of a processed product are difficult to form, the quality characteristic fluctuation is large and the like are solved.
In the prior art, the problems that the nutrient contents in the nutrient soil are single, the functions are single, and the nutrient soil only has the function of improving the nutrition of crops exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the nutrient soil has single nutrient component and single function and can only play a role in improving the nutrition of crops, and provides a method for proportioning the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising of rice comprises the steps of preparing nutrient soil and mushroom dregs; the mass ratio of the nutrient soil to the mushroom dregs is 70-80: 10-30; the mushroom dregs are edible mushroom dregs;
wherein the nutrient soil comprises 40-60 parts of sludge, 10-30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 5-9 parts of high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, 5-9 parts of bentonite powder, 0.1-0.5 part of trace element mixture, 0.5-1.5 parts of rice growth regulator, 6-10 parts of modified montmorillonite, 0.5-1.5 parts of water retention agent and 1-3 parts of nutrient additive;
the trace element mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-8 parts of copper sulfate, 2-8 parts of borax and 2-8 parts of manganese sulfate;
the method for proportioning the seedling planting and raising nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly, drying sludge to remove water; then adding the dried sludge into a stirrer; adding the prepared rice growth regulator, modified montmorillonite and water-retaining agent into water, and mixing to obtain a mixed material; sequentially adding the mixed materials, the nutrient additive, the fermented livestock and poultry manure, the high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, the bentonite powder and the trace element mixture into a stirrer for mixing; obtaining nutrient soil;
step two, collecting waste mushroom dregs, crushing and sterilizing the waste mushroom dregs to destroy extracellular polymers and mycelium cells of the mushroom dregs; obtaining mushroom dregs;
the third step: mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 70-80: 10-30; and then the mixture is conveyed to a granulator through a belt conveyor for granulation to obtain the nutrient soil and mushroom residue mixed fertilizer.
Preferably, the rice growth regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the first step is as follows: mixing 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride and toluene, stirring and dropwise adding 0.12mol of N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine at room temperature, stirring and reacting for 1h after dropwise adding, heating, refluxing and dehydrating, and rotationally evaporating out toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine as solvents; obtaining a crude product; recrystallizing the crude product with isopropanol to obtain a white solid;
the second step is that: adding citric acid into methanol, mixing and stirring to obtain a methanol solution of citric acid; then adding a white solid to a methanol solution of citric acid; stirring for 2h, rotationally steaming methanol to obtain a solid, and drying the solid to obtain the rice growth regulator.
Preferably, the mass ratio of 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride, toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine is controlled to be 20-25: 120-150: 13-15; controlling the mass ratio of citric acid to methanol to be 5-10: 60-100 parts of; controlling the mass ratio of the methanol solution of the citric acid to the white solid to be 65-110: 5-10.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: weighing calcium montmorillonite, placing in a beaker, adding distilled water, stirring well, adding sodium carbonate, and stirring the mixed solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 24 hours; obtaining a mixture;
the second step is that: pouring the obtained mixture into a centrifuge tube in batches for centrifugation, pouring out the centrifuged supernatant, collecting the bottom solid, and putting the bottom solid into an oven to dry at 80 ℃;
the third step: and grinding the dried solid in a mortar, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the calcium montmorillonite to the distilled water to the sodium carbonate is controlled to be 5-8: 60-70: 0.5-0.8.
Preferably, the preparation process of the water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: adding chitosan into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50%, stirring for 10 hours at room temperature, and then dropwise adding absolute ethyl alcohol; obtaining a mixed solution;
mixing monochloroacetic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol, dripping the mixed solution a, reacting at room temperature for 4 hours, heating to 60 ℃, continuing to react for 2 hours to obtain a first product, adjusting the first product to be neutral by using acetic acid with the mass fraction of 30%, washing by using an ethanol water solution, filtering and drying;
the third step: adding the first product into a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and mixing, and filtering to remove insoluble substances; obtaining a first product filtrate; and adding the beta-sodium glycerophosphate into deionized water for mixing to obtain a water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate, and mixing the water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate and the first product filtrate for 20min to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the chitosan to the sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50% to the absolute ethyl alcohol is controlled to be 5-8: 50-80: 40-60 parts; controlling the mass ratio of the monochloroacetic acid to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the mixed solution a to be 1-3: 10-15: 95-148; controlling the mass ratio of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the deionized water to be 0.5-1: 3-5; the mass ratio of the aqueous solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the first product filtrate is controlled to be 4-6: 7-9.
Preferably, the preparation process of the nutritional additive comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: freezing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;
the second step is that: adding the Chinese herbal medicine powder into deionized water, boiling and filtering; obtaining a filtrate; and adding a sodium benzoate preservative into the filtrate, and diluting by 200 times to obtain the nutritional additive.
Preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine mixture is one or more of lotus leaves, plantain, bamboo leaves, Chinese violet and dendrobium; the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine mixture to the deionized water is 10-15: 100-120; the mass ratio of the filtrate to the sodium benzoate preservative is 10-20: 0.2-0.5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the rice growth regulator permeates into the plant body through exogenous nutrient substances, regulates and controls various metabolic processes in the plant body, and plays a role in improving the rice quality and increasing the yield, so that the nutrient soil has the advantages of promoting the rice seed emergence rate and the root activity of rice crops; the rice growth regulator has the advantages of simple synthetic route, cheap raw materials and low price; the rice growth regulator can well promote the germination of seeds and improve the vitality of the seeds;
montmorillonite is a 2: 1 type silicate clay mineral with a layered structure, wherein a unit cell of montmorillonite consists of two layers of silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons and one layer of aluminum-oxygen octahedron, as tetravalent silicon ions in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron are usually replaced by trivalent aluminum ions and ferric ions, aluminum ions in the aluminum-oxygen octahedron are usually replaced by ferric ions, ferrous ions, magnesium ions, lithium ions and the like, namely the montmorillonite mineral can generate isomorphous replacement action in the forming process of the montmorillonite mineral, and the action enables the surface of the montmorillonite to have permanent negative charges, so that the montmorillonite has larger cation adsorption capacity on heavy metal ions, strong polarity or cationic organic pollutants and the like; the modified montmorillonite is added into the nutrient soil, the soil in the rice growth environment can be improved, and some heavy metals are adsorbed, so that the rice growth environment is improved, the rice growth is promoted, and meanwhile, the grown rice has good quality;
the water-retaining agent prepared by the invention can produce a layer of film in nutrient soil, can effectively relieve the evaporation of nutrient components in the nutrient soil along with water, inhibit the evaporation of water and prolong the time of nutrient substances in the soil, so that the nutrient components can be well absorbed by rice; the chitosan is added, so that the permeation of oxygen and carbon dioxide is not hindered, and the growth of the rice root system is not influenced;
the nutritional additive prepared from the Chinese herbal medicine mixture has the advantages of environmental protection and good promotion effect on the growth of the root system of rice.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising of rice comprises the steps of preparing nutrient soil and mushroom dregs; the mass ratio of the nutrient soil to the mushroom dregs is 70-80: 10-30; the mushroom dregs are edible mushroom dregs;
wherein the nutrient soil comprises 40-60 parts of sludge, 10-30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 5-9 parts of high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, 5-9 parts of bentonite powder, 0.1-0.5 part of trace element mixture, 0.5-1.5 parts of rice growth regulator, 6-10 parts of modified montmorillonite, 0.5-1.5 parts of water retention agent and 1-3 parts of nutrient additive;
the trace element mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-8 parts of copper sulfate, 2-8 parts of borax and 2-8 parts of manganese sulfate;
the method for proportioning the seedling planting and raising nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly, drying sludge to remove water; then adding the dried sludge into a stirrer; adding the prepared rice growth regulator, modified montmorillonite and water-retaining agent into water, and mixing to obtain a mixed material; sequentially adding the mixed materials, the nutrient additive, the fermented livestock and poultry manure, the high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, the bentonite powder and the trace element mixture into a stirrer for mixing; obtaining nutrient soil;
step two, collecting waste mushroom dregs, crushing and sterilizing the waste mushroom dregs to destroy extracellular polymers and mycelium cells of the mushroom dregs; obtaining mushroom dregs;
the third step: mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 70-80: 10-30; and then the mixture is conveyed to a granulator through a belt conveyor for granulation to obtain the nutrient soil and mushroom residue mixed fertilizer.
The rice growth regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the first step is as follows: mixing 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride and toluene, stirring and dropwise adding 0.12mol of N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine at room temperature, stirring and reacting for 1h after dropwise adding, heating, refluxing and dehydrating, and rotationally evaporating out toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine as solvents; obtaining a crude product; recrystallizing the crude product with isopropanol to obtain a white solid;
the second step is that: adding citric acid into methanol, mixing and stirring to obtain a methanol solution of citric acid; then adding a white solid to a methanol solution of citric acid; stirring for 2h, rotationally steaming methanol to obtain a solid, and drying the solid to obtain the rice growth regulator.
Controlling the mass ratio of 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride, toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine to be 20-25: 120-150: 13-15; controlling the mass ratio of citric acid to methanol to be 5-10: 60-100 parts of; controlling the mass ratio of the methanol solution of the citric acid to the white solid to be 65-110: 5-10.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: weighing calcium montmorillonite, placing in a beaker, adding distilled water, stirring well, adding sodium carbonate, and stirring the mixed solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 24 hours; obtaining a mixture;
the second step is that: pouring the obtained mixture into a centrifuge tube in batches for centrifugation, pouring out the centrifuged supernatant, collecting the bottom solid, and putting the bottom solid into an oven to dry at 80 ℃;
the third step: and grinding the dried solid in a mortar, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Controlling the mass ratio of calcium montmorillonite, distilled water and sodium carbonate to be 5-8: 60-70: 0.5-0.8.
The preparation process of the water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: adding chitosan into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50%, stirring for 10 hours at room temperature, and then dropwise adding absolute ethyl alcohol; obtaining a mixed solution;
mixing monochloroacetic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol, dripping the mixed solution a, reacting at room temperature for 4 hours, heating to 60 ℃, continuing to react for 2 hours to obtain a first product, adjusting the first product to be neutral by using acetic acid with the mass fraction of 30%, washing by using an ethanol water solution, filtering and drying;
the third step: adding the first product into a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and mixing, and filtering to remove insoluble substances; obtaining a first product filtrate; and adding the beta-sodium glycerophosphate into deionized water for mixing to obtain a water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate, and mixing the water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate and the first product filtrate for 20min to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Controlling the mass ratio of chitosan, 50% sodium hydroxide solution and absolute ethyl alcohol to be 5-8: 50-80: 40-60 parts; controlling the mass ratio of the monochloroacetic acid to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the mixed solution a to be 1-3: 10-15: 95-148; controlling the mass ratio of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the deionized water to be 0.5-1: 3-5; the mass ratio of the aqueous solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the first product filtrate is controlled to be 4-6: 7-9.
The preparation process of the nutritional additive comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: freezing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;
the second step is that: adding the Chinese herbal medicine powder into deionized water, boiling and filtering; obtaining a filtrate; and adding a sodium benzoate preservative into the filtrate, and diluting by 200 times to obtain the nutritional additive.
The Chinese herbal mixture is one or more of folium Nelumbinis, herba plantaginis, folium Bambusae, herba Violae, and herba Dendrobii; the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine mixture to the deionized water is 10-15: 100-120; the mass ratio of the filtrate to the sodium benzoate preservative is 10-20: 0.2-0.5.
Example 2
A method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising of rice comprises the steps of preparing nutrient soil and mushroom dregs; the mass ratio of the nutrient soil to the mushroom dregs is 70-80: 10-30; the mushroom dregs are edible mushroom dregs;
wherein the nutrient soil comprises 40-60 parts of sludge, 10-30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 5-9 parts of high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, 5-9 parts of bentonite powder, 0.1-0.5 part of trace element mixture, 0.5-1.5 parts of rice growth regulator, 6-10 parts of modified montmorillonite, 0.5-1.5 parts of water retention agent and 1-3 parts of nutrient additive;
the trace element mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-8 parts of copper sulfate, 2-8 parts of borax and 2-8 parts of manganese sulfate;
the method for proportioning the seedling planting and raising nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly, drying sludge to remove water; then adding the dried sludge into a stirrer; adding the prepared rice growth regulator, modified montmorillonite and water-retaining agent into water, and mixing to obtain a mixed material; sequentially adding the mixed materials, the nutrient additive, the fermented livestock and poultry manure, the high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, the bentonite powder and the trace element mixture into a stirrer for mixing; obtaining nutrient soil;
step two, collecting waste mushroom dregs, crushing and sterilizing the waste mushroom dregs to destroy extracellular polymers and mycelium cells of the mushroom dregs; obtaining mushroom dregs;
the third step: mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 70-80: 10-30; and then the mixture is conveyed to a granulator through a belt conveyor for granulation to obtain the nutrient soil and mushroom residue mixed fertilizer.
The rice growth regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the first step is as follows: mixing 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride and toluene, stirring and dropwise adding 0.12mol of N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine at room temperature, stirring and reacting for 1h after dropwise adding, heating, refluxing and dehydrating, and rotationally evaporating out toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine as solvents; obtaining a crude product; recrystallizing the crude product with isopropanol to obtain a white solid;
the second step is that: adding citric acid into methanol, mixing and stirring to obtain a methanol solution of citric acid; then adding a white solid to a methanol solution of citric acid; stirring for 2h, rotationally steaming methanol to obtain a solid, and drying the solid to obtain the rice growth regulator.
Controlling the mass ratio of 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride, toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine to be 20-25: 120-150: 13-15; controlling the mass ratio of citric acid to methanol to be 5-10: 60-100 parts of; controlling the mass ratio of the methanol solution of the citric acid to the white solid to be 65-110: 5-10.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: weighing calcium montmorillonite, placing in a beaker, adding distilled water, stirring well, adding sodium carbonate, and stirring the mixed solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 24 hours; obtaining a mixture;
the second step is that: pouring the obtained mixture into a centrifuge tube in batches for centrifugation, pouring out the centrifuged supernatant, collecting the bottom solid, and putting the bottom solid into an oven to dry at 80 ℃;
the third step: and grinding the dried solid in a mortar, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Controlling the mass ratio of calcium montmorillonite, distilled water and sodium carbonate to be 5-8: 60-70: 0.5-0.8.
The preparation process of the water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: adding chitosan into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50%, stirring for 10 hours at room temperature, and then dropwise adding absolute ethyl alcohol; obtaining a mixed solution;
mixing monochloroacetic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol, dripping the mixed solution a, reacting at room temperature for 4 hours, heating to 60 ℃, continuing to react for 2 hours to obtain a first product, adjusting the first product to be neutral by using acetic acid with the mass fraction of 30%, washing by using an ethanol water solution, filtering and drying;
the third step: adding the first product into a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and mixing, and filtering to remove insoluble substances; obtaining a first product filtrate; and adding the beta-sodium glycerophosphate into deionized water for mixing to obtain a water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate, and mixing the water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate and the first product filtrate for 20min to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Controlling the mass ratio of chitosan, 50% sodium hydroxide solution and absolute ethyl alcohol to be 5-8: 50-80: 40-60 parts; controlling the mass ratio of the monochloroacetic acid to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the mixed solution a to be 1-3: 10-15: 95-148; controlling the mass ratio of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the deionized water to be 0.5-1: 3-5; the mass ratio of the aqueous solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the first product filtrate is controlled to be 4-6: 7-9.
The preparation process of the nutritional additive comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: freezing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;
the second step is that: adding the Chinese herbal medicine powder into deionized water, boiling and filtering; obtaining a filtrate; and adding a sodium benzoate preservative into the filtrate, and diluting by 200 times to obtain the nutritional additive.
The Chinese herbal mixture is one or more of folium Nelumbinis, herba plantaginis, folium Bambusae, herba Violae, and herba Dendrobii; the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine mixture to the deionized water is 10-15: 100-120; the mass ratio of the filtrate to the sodium benzoate preservative is 10-20: 0.2-0.5.
Example 3
A method for proportioning nutrient soil and mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising of rice comprises the steps of preparing nutrient soil and mushroom dregs; the mass ratio of the nutrient soil to the mushroom dregs is 70-80: 10-30; the mushroom dregs are edible mushroom dregs;
wherein the nutrient soil comprises 40-60 parts of sludge, 10-30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 5-9 parts of high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, 5-9 parts of bentonite powder, 0.1-0.5 part of trace element mixture, 0.5-1.5 parts of rice growth regulator, 6-10 parts of modified montmorillonite, 0.5-1.5 parts of water retention agent and 1-3 parts of nutrient additive;
the trace element mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-8 parts of copper sulfate, 2-8 parts of borax and 2-8 parts of manganese sulfate;
the method for proportioning the seedling planting and raising nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly, drying sludge to remove water; then adding the dried sludge into a stirrer; adding the prepared rice growth regulator, modified montmorillonite and water-retaining agent into water, and mixing to obtain a mixed material; sequentially adding the mixed materials, the nutrient additive, the fermented livestock and poultry manure, the high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, the bentonite powder and the trace element mixture into a stirrer for mixing; obtaining nutrient soil;
step two, collecting waste mushroom dregs, crushing and sterilizing the waste mushroom dregs to destroy extracellular polymers and mycelium cells of the mushroom dregs; obtaining mushroom dregs;
the third step: mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 70-80: 10-30; and then the mixture is conveyed to a granulator through a belt conveyor for granulation to obtain the nutrient soil and mushroom residue mixed fertilizer.
The rice growth regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the first step is as follows: mixing 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride and toluene, stirring and dropwise adding 0.12mol of N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine at room temperature, stirring and reacting for 1h after dropwise adding, heating, refluxing and dehydrating, and rotationally evaporating out toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine as solvents; obtaining a crude product; recrystallizing the crude product with isopropanol to obtain a white solid;
the second step is that: adding citric acid into methanol, mixing and stirring to obtain a methanol solution of citric acid; then adding a white solid to a methanol solution of citric acid; stirring for 2h, rotationally steaming methanol to obtain a solid, and drying the solid to obtain the rice growth regulator.
Controlling the mass ratio of 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride, toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine to be 20-25: 120-150: 13-15; controlling the mass ratio of citric acid to methanol to be 5-10: 60-100 parts of; controlling the mass ratio of the methanol solution of the citric acid to the white solid to be 65-110: 5-10.
The preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: weighing calcium montmorillonite, placing in a beaker, adding distilled water, stirring well, adding sodium carbonate, and stirring the mixed solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 24 hours; obtaining a mixture;
the second step is that: pouring the obtained mixture into a centrifuge tube in batches for centrifugation, pouring out the centrifuged supernatant, collecting the bottom solid, and putting the bottom solid into an oven to dry at 80 ℃;
the third step: and grinding the dried solid in a mortar, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Controlling the mass ratio of calcium montmorillonite, distilled water and sodium carbonate to be 5-8: 60-70: 0.5-0.8.
The preparation process of the water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: adding chitosan into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50%, stirring for 10 hours at room temperature, and then dropwise adding absolute ethyl alcohol; obtaining a mixed solution;
mixing monochloroacetic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol, dripping the mixed solution a, reacting at room temperature for 4 hours, heating to 60 ℃, continuing to react for 2 hours to obtain a first product, adjusting the first product to be neutral by using acetic acid with the mass fraction of 30%, washing by using an ethanol water solution, filtering and drying;
the third step: adding the first product into a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and mixing, and filtering to remove insoluble substances; obtaining a first product filtrate; and adding the beta-sodium glycerophosphate into deionized water for mixing to obtain a water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate, and mixing the water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate and the first product filtrate for 20min to obtain the water-retaining agent.
Controlling the mass ratio of chitosan, 50% sodium hydroxide solution and absolute ethyl alcohol to be 5-8: 50-80: 40-60 parts; controlling the mass ratio of the monochloroacetic acid to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the mixed solution a to be 1-3: 10-15: 95-148; controlling the mass ratio of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the deionized water to be 0.5-1: 3-5; the mass ratio of the aqueous solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the first product filtrate is controlled to be 4-6: 7-9.
The preparation process of the nutritional additive comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: freezing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;
the second step is that: adding the Chinese herbal medicine powder into deionized water, boiling and filtering; obtaining a filtrate; and adding a sodium benzoate preservative into the filtrate, and diluting by 200 times to obtain the nutritional additive.
The Chinese herbal mixture is one or more of folium Nelumbinis, herba plantaginis, folium Bambusae, herba Violae, and herba Dendrobii; the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine mixture to the deionized water is 10-15: 100-120; the mass ratio of the filtrate to the sodium benzoate preservative is 10-20: 0.2-0.5.
The samples from each set of examples were tested for performance:
| major root length (cm) | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Evaporation Rate (%) | |
| Example 1 | 70.13 | 65.32 | 10.63 |
| Example 2 | 74.56 | 70.25 | 7.35 |
| Example 3 | 76.89 | 78.54 | 7.16 |
The data in the table show that the proportion of the seedling transplanting and raising nutrient soil and the fungus dregs prepared by the method can well promote the activity of rice root systems, promote the absorption of nutrients, adsorb heavy metals in the soil, and avoid the influence on rice production caused by high evaporation speed of nutrient components.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The method for proportioning the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises nutrient soil and mushroom dregs; the mass ratio of the nutrient soil to the mushroom dregs is 70-80: 10-30; the mushroom dregs are edible mushroom dregs;
wherein the nutrient soil comprises 40-60 parts of sludge, 10-30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 5-9 parts of high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, 5-9 parts of bentonite powder, 0.1-0.5 part of trace element mixture, 0.5-1.5 parts of rice growth regulator, 6-10 parts of modified montmorillonite, 0.5-1.5 parts of water retention agent and 1-3 parts of nutrient additive;
the trace element mixture consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-8 parts of copper sulfate, 2-8 parts of borax and 2-8 parts of manganese sulfate;
the method for proportioning the seedling planting and raising nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly, drying sludge to remove water; then adding the dried sludge into a stirrer; adding the prepared rice growth regulator, modified montmorillonite and water-retaining agent into water, and mixing to obtain a mixed material; sequentially adding the mixed materials, the nutrient additive, the fermented livestock and poultry manure, the high-viscosity attapulgite clay powder, the bentonite powder and the trace element mixture into a stirrer for mixing; obtaining nutrient soil;
step two, collecting waste mushroom dregs, crushing and sterilizing the waste mushroom dregs to destroy extracellular polymers and mycelium cells of the mushroom dregs; obtaining mushroom dregs;
the third step: mixing and stirring the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs according to the mass ratio of 70-80: 10-30; and then the mixture is conveyed to a granulator through a belt conveyor for granulation to obtain the nutrient soil and mushroom residue mixed fertilizer.
2. The method for proportioning the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs for the mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising of the rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice growth regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the first step is as follows: mixing 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride and toluene, stirring and dropwise adding 0.12mol of N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine at room temperature, stirring and reacting for 1h after dropwise adding, heating, refluxing and dehydrating, and rotationally evaporating out toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine as solvents; obtaining a crude product; recrystallizing the crude product with isopropanol to obtain a white solid;
the second step is that: adding citric acid into methanol, mixing and stirring to obtain a methanol solution of citric acid; then adding a white solid to a methanol solution of citric acid; stirring for 2h, rotationally steaming methanol to obtain a solid, and drying the solid to obtain the rice growth regulator.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride, toluene and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diamine is controlled to be 20-25: 120-150: 13-15; controlling the mass ratio of citric acid to methanol to be 5-10: 60-100 parts of; controlling the mass ratio of the methanol solution of the citric acid to the white solid to be 65-110: 5-10.
4. The method for matching the mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: weighing calcium montmorillonite, placing in a beaker, adding distilled water, stirring well, adding sodium carbonate, and stirring the mixed solution in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for 24 hours; obtaining a mixture;
the second step is that: pouring the obtained mixture into a centrifuge tube in batches for centrifugation, pouring out the centrifuged supernatant, collecting the bottom solid, and putting the bottom solid into an oven to dry at 80 ℃;
the third step: and grinding the dried solid in a mortar, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
5. The method for proportioning the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs for mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising of the rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the calcium montmorillonite, the distilled water and the sodium carbonate is controlled to be 5-8: 60-70: 0.5-0.8.
6. The method for matching machine-transplanted rice seedling raising nutrient soil and mushroom dregs of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the water-retaining agent comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: adding chitosan into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 50%, stirring for 10 hours at room temperature, and then dropwise adding absolute ethyl alcohol; obtaining a mixed solution;
mixing monochloroacetic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol, dripping the mixed solution a, reacting at room temperature for 4 hours, heating to 60 ℃, continuing to react for 2 hours to obtain a first product, adjusting the first product to be neutral by using acetic acid with the mass fraction of 30%, washing by using an ethanol water solution, filtering and drying;
the third step: adding the first product into a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and mixing, and filtering to remove insoluble substances; obtaining a first product filtrate; and adding the beta-sodium glycerophosphate into deionized water for mixing to obtain a water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate, and mixing the water solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate and the first product filtrate for 20min to obtain the water-retaining agent.
7. The method for matching mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising nutrient soil and mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan, the 50% sodium hydroxide solution and the absolute ethyl alcohol is controlled to be 5-8: 50-80: 40-60 parts; controlling the mass ratio of the monochloroacetic acid to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the mixed solution a to be 1-3: 10-15: 95-148; controlling the mass ratio of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the deionized water to be 0.5-1: 3-5; the mass ratio of the aqueous solution of the beta-sodium glycerophosphate to the first product filtrate is controlled to be 4-6: 7-9.
8. The method for matching the nutrient soil and the mushroom dregs for the mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising of the rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the nutrient additive comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: freezing the Chinese herbal medicine mixture at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain Chinese herbal medicine powder;
the second step is that: adding the Chinese herbal medicine powder into deionized water, boiling and filtering; obtaining a filtrate; and adding a sodium benzoate preservative into the filtrate, and diluting by 200 times to obtain the nutritional additive.
9. The method for matching mechanical rice transplanting and seedling raising nutrient soil with mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 8, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine mixture is one or more of lotus leaves, plantain, bamboo leaves, Chinese violet and dendrobium; the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine mixture to the deionized water is 10-15: 100-120; the mass ratio of the filtrate to the sodium benzoate preservative is 10-20: 0.2-0.5.
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| CN108299098A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-07-20 | 赵建平 | A kind of preparation method of plant transpiration resistant agent |
| CN109836204A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-04 | 新昌县洋花园果木专业合作社 | A kind of multi-functional seedling-nourishing soil |
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| CN102247798A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2011-11-23 | 合肥工业大学 | Enhanced montmorillonite adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN102627500A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-08-08 | 江苏花海农业科技有限公司 | Method for producing ecological environment protection water retention nutrient soil by using lake silt |
| CN107410311A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-12-01 | 浦江县晶富农业科技有限公司 | Increase the plant growth regulator of fruiting rate |
| CN109836204A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-04 | 新昌县洋花园果木专业合作社 | A kind of multi-functional seedling-nourishing soil |
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