CN112741224A - Poultry feed added with asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid - Google Patents

Poultry feed added with asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112741224A
CN112741224A CN202011592530.1A CN202011592530A CN112741224A CN 112741224 A CN112741224 A CN 112741224A CN 202011592530 A CN202011592530 A CN 202011592530A CN 112741224 A CN112741224 A CN 112741224A
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asparagus polysaccharide
feed
polysaccharide
asparagus
tannic acid
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李文嘉
徐彬
李绍钰
魏凤仙
马慧慧
孙全友
邓文
王琳燚
白杰
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Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
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  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to poultry feed added with asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid. The feed consists of a basal diet and an efficacy component; the efficacy component is asparagus polysaccharide or a composition of asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid; the addition amount of the asparagus polysaccharide in the feed is 0.05-0.15%; the weight ratio of the asparagus polysaccharide to the tannin is 5-15: 1 to 5. The feed of the invention can improve the immune globulin level of the broiler chickens, reduce the level of inflammatory factors and improve the immunity of the broiler chickens.

Description

Poultry feed added with asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to poultry feed added with asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid.
Background
In recent years, the living standard of people is gradually increased, and the consumption proportion of meat and eggs by people is steadily increased. The broiler breeding industry plays a significant role in the current livestock production in China, particularly African pigs have been abused for 2018, the live pig supply is rapidly reduced, the price of pork is greatly increased, and people turn to increasingly increase the demand of chicken. However, in the breeding process, in order to reduce the cost, the physical and environmental pressure of the broilers rises suddenly by adopting a high-density intensive breeding mode, and diseases are frequently caused. At present, the conventional method is to add a small amount of antibiotics into broiler feed to prevent common diseases and improve the production efficiency to maintain the health of animals. However, with the wide application of antibiotics, the disadvantages of antibiotics are increasingly highlighted, for example, the long-term use of antibiotics can reduce the immunity of the organism and cause the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to be stronger and stronger; the feed takes livestock and poultry products containing antibiotics, and finally collects in human bodies through food chains, thus threatening the health of human beings. In addition, intensive poultry farms have been found to be an important source of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs). Under the eyes, livestock and poultry breeding industry is carried out to be completely prohibited, but in recent years, various diseases frequently occur, and the development of livestock and poultry industry in China faces a serious challenge. Therefore, the need of finding one or more antibiotic substitutes is urgent, which can enhance the natural defense function of animals and avoid the problems of drug resistance, drug residue and the like caused by antibiotics.
The existing research proves that the asparagus polysaccharide is an algal polysaccharide with multiple biological functions of resisting oxidation, resisting tumor, regulating immunity, reducing blood sugar, improving intestinal flora and the like. For example, CN110368400A discloses a preparation method and application of asparagus polysaccharide oligomer, which is used for preparing a medicament or food for preventing or treating metabolic syndrome, thereby increasing the production of intestinal flora metabolites. Since the yield of asparagus (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) is low in early days, researches on asparagus and extracts thereof in China begin to be late, but with the development of planting technology and planting scale, asparagus has become one of four economic cultivation seaweeds in China, and the cost of the asparagus extract is gradually lowered, so that the development of new application of asparagus polysaccharide becomes one of important problems to be solved in the industry at present.
The invention provides a direction for the application of algal polysaccharide as a novel additive to replace antibiotics in actual production from the point that asparagus polysaccharide adjusts the oxidation resistance, improves the immunity and improves the growth performance of broiler chickens.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide poultry feed added with asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid, and by using the asparagus polysaccharide or the composition of the asparagus polysaccharide and the tannic acid in the feed, the growth performance, the oxidation resistance and the immune function of broilers eating the feed are improved, and the quality of chicken is improved to a certain extent.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a poultry feed supplemented with Gracilaria verrucosa polysaccharide and tannic acid, said feed consisting of a basal diet and an efficacy component; the efficacy component is asparagus polysaccharide or a composition of asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid;
the addition amount of the asparagus polysaccharide in the poultry feed is 0.05-0.15%; the weight ratio of the asparagus polysaccharide to the tannin is 5-15: 1 to 5.
Preferably, the basic diet comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-58% of corn, 14-20% of soybean meal, 6-8% of flour, 3-7% of corn protein powder, 3-4% of peanut cake, 3-5% of corn DDGS, 0.5-2% of soybean oil, 0.8-1.1% of stone powder, 0.2-0.25% of methionine, 0.5-1.5% of glutamic acid, 1-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.8-0.9% of L-lysine, 0.3-0.4% of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.3-0.5% of montmorillonite, 0.2% of mineral premix, 0.1-0.2% of L-threonine, 0.05-0.15% of choline chloride and 0.01-0.1% of anhydrous betaine. .
More preferably, the poultry is broiler chicken.
Based on a general inventive concept, the invention also comprises the application of the asparagus polysaccharide as a feed additive for improving the immunity and the growth performance of the broiler chicken.
The invention also comprises the application of the asparagus polysaccharide and the tannic acid as feed additives for improving the immunity and the growth performance of the broiler chickens.
The invention provides a poultry feed containing asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid. The feeding result shows that compared with a feeding group added with antibiotics, the feed for feeding the broilers can promote the development of immune organs of the broilers in the early growth stage and improve the growth performance and the serum antioxidant index of the broilers in the later feeding stage. Moreover, when the feed provided by the invention is used for feeding broiler chickens, the immune globulin level of the broiler chickens can be improved, and the inflammatory factor level is reduced, so that the immunity of the broiler chickens is improved.
The research result of the invention shows that the asparagus polysaccharide can be used as a feed additive to replace antibiotics in the feed industry; the asparagus polysaccharide and the tannin are compounded for use, so that the effect of the asparagus polysaccharide on improving the immunity and the growth performance of the broiler chicken can be further improved, the natural body resistance of poultry is enhanced, and meanwhile, the problems of drug resistance and drug residue caused by antibiotics are avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The polysaccharide product of Gracilaria lemaneiformis is purchased from Guangzhou family Muscovitum Biotech limited, and the purity of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide is 50%; the tannic acid product was purchased from SILVATEAM Italy (Shihua) and had a tannic acid purity of 75%; the antibiotic is a fast-growing fertilizer (Hakkaido, Inc., USA) containing 50% virginiamycin; other starting materials are either commonly available or available to one skilled in the art via published routes.
Examples
A broiler feed added with Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide and tannin comprises basic diet and effective components; the composition of the basal diet is shown in table 1;
table 1 basic diet composition (%)
Figure BDA0002869580040000031
*Vitamin premix: after being added according to the preparation amount, the additive meets the requirements of VA 12000IU and VD in each kilogram of basic diet32000IU，VE20.75mg，VK3 2.65mg，VB1 2mg，VB2 5mg，VB6 2mg，VB120.025mg, biotin 0.0325mg, folic acid 1.25mg, D-pantothenic acid D-pantonic acid 12mg, nicotinic acid niacin 50 mg;
**the microelement premix is added according to the preparation amount to meet the requirements of 100mg of Mn, 0.35mg of I, 0.15mg of Se0.15mg, 75mg of Zn, 8mg of Cu, 80mg of Fe and 0.2mg of Co in each kilogram of basic diet.
The results of the nutritional level measurements for the basal diet are shown in table 2;
TABLE 2 nutritional levels of the above basal diets
Figure BDA0002869580040000032
Figure BDA0002869580040000041
A large amount of raw materials in the formula shown in the table 1 are crushed by 60 meshes according to the preparation amount, and trace components such as betaine and the like accounting for less than 1% of the formula are added by a gradual expansion method. Adding an effective component, wherein the effective component is asparagus polysaccharide or asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid; wherein, the addition amount of the asparagus polysaccharide is 0.05-0.15 percent, and the addition amount of the tannic acid is 0.01-0.05 percent. After being mixed evenly, the mixture is made into feed with the diameter of 2mm by a shepherd SZLH250 type granulator, and the granulation temperature is about 75 ℃. The granulated feed can be properly crushed before feeding, and the crushing granularity is 900 μm.
In order to verify the technical effect of the invention, the obtained feed is used for broiler feeding tests in Libert breeding bases of animal husbandry and veterinary research institute of academy of agricultural sciences in Henan province, the test daily ration is powder, and broilers are fed in a two-layer cage culture mode.
Test examples
384 healthy AA broiler chickens (provided by Kanghe Fengyu) with the age of 1 day are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group has 6 repetitions, and each repetition has 16 chickens; the test adopts a completely random test design, and the body weights of all groups have no obvious difference. The test group I diet is prepared by adding 0.1% of asparagus polysaccharide, the test group II diet is prepared by adding 0.1% of asparagus polysaccharide and 0.03% of tannic acid, and the antibiotic group control group is prepared by adding 10mg/kg of virginiamycin (product name is rapid fertilizer) in the basic diet.
The experimental daily ration is granular feed, and the broiler chickens are raised in a cage culture mode. During the breeding period, the broilers can freely eat and drink water, and immunization is carried out according to a normal immunization program. The house is artificially illuminated for 23h, treated in dark for 1h, and gradually cooled from 34 deg.C of 1 day old to 24 deg.C of 21d, and then kept stable, and the whole breeding period is divided into two stages of 1-21 days and 22-42 days. 1. Determination of growth Performance of broilers under different conditions
TABLE 3 comparison of broiler growth performance under different feeding conditions
Figure BDA0002869580040000042
Figure BDA0002869580040000051
Note: the difference between lower case letters in the same row represents significant difference (P < 0.05). The same applies below.
As can be seen from table 3, the weight of broilers, the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake were not affected by the feed group at the early stage of the breeding; however, from the feed conversion ratio, the test group I, the test group II and the antibiotic control group are reduced compared with the blank group; wherein, the feed-meat ratio of the antibiotic control group at the early stage of cultivation is the lowest. In the later period of breeding, the broiler weight loss and average daily gain weight of the test group I, the test group II and the antibiotic control group are obviously higher than those of the blank group, and the feed-meat ratio is lower than that of the blank group; wherein, the weight of the broiler chickens in the test group II is the highest and is obviously higher than that of the antibiotic control group.
The result shows that the growth condition of the broiler can be improved by the feed added with the asparagus polysaccharide or the asparagus polysaccharide and the tannic acid, and particularly, the growth performance of the broiler is remarkably improved by simultaneously using the asparagus polysaccharide and the tannic acid in the later feeding period.
2. Determination of immune organ index
Randomly selecting 2 broilers with similar weights from each repetition in the test period of 21 days and 42 days, anaesthetizing the broilers to death, respectively picking spleen, thymus and bursa of fabricius, removing attached tissues, sucking dry blood water by using filter paper, weighing fresh weight, and calculating immune organ index; the calculation formula is as follows:
immune organ index (%) - (fresh weight of immune organ g/live weight before slaughter) × 100
Specific results are shown in table 4;
TABLE 4 Effect of different feeding conditions on broiler immune organ index
Figure BDA0002869580040000052
As can be seen from Table 4, the spleen index, thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index of the test group I and test group II were all higher than those of the blank group at the early stage of cultivation; the spleen index, thymus index and bursal index of the antibiotic control group were all lower than those of the blank group. In the later period of cultivation, thymus indexes of the test group I and the test group II are obviously higher than those of the antibiotic control group, and the highest value of the bursal disease index is obviously higher than that of the blank group.
Compared with the indexes of the immune organs of the broilers in the test group I, the test group II and the antibiotic control group, the indexes of the immune organs of the test group I and the test group II are generally superior to those of the antibiotic control group in the early stage of cultivation or in the later stage of cultivation, and the indexes of the immune organs of the test group I and the test group II in the early stage of cultivation have more remarkable advantages. The result shows that the forage added with the asparagus polysaccharide or the asparagus polysaccharide and the tannin has certain promotion effect on the development of immune organs of the broilers, particularly in the early growth stage of the broilers, thereby improving the immune performance of the broilers.
3. Serum antioxidant index determination under different feeding conditions
Randomly selecting 2 broilers with similar weights from each repetition in 21 days and 42 days of the test period, collecting blood 2-3mL from a wing vein by using an EDTA vacuum tube, centrifuging at 3000r/min for 15min, and packaging and storing at-80 ℃. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and Catalase (CAT) in serum and the content measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) are all built into a kit of a bioengineering research institute by Nanjing, the operation is carried out according to the requirements on the kit specification, and a Biotech enzyme-labeling instrument is used for detecting. Specific results are shown in table 5;
TABLE 5 serum antioxidant index of broiler chickens under different feeding conditions
Figure BDA0002869580040000061
Figure BDA0002869580040000071
As can be seen from Table 5, in the early stage of cultivation, the glutathione peroxidase activities of the test group I and the test group II are both higher than that of the blank group, the malondialdehyde content is significantly lower than that of the blank group, and the total antioxidant capacity is basically equal to or slightly higher than that of the blank group. And each index between the antibiotic control group and the blank group has high or low, but no significant difference. .
In the later period of cultivation, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the test group I and the test group II are obviously higher than those of a blank group and an antibiotic group, and the content of malondialdehyde is obviously reduced. Compared with the asparagus polysaccharide and tannin addition group, the activity of the glutathione peroxidase in the test group is obviously higher than that in the asparagus menu single addition group. .
The serum antioxidant indexes of the test group I, the test group II and the antibiotic control group are compared, and after the asparagus polysaccharide or the asparagus polysaccharide and the tannic acid are added, the serum antioxidant indexes of the broiler chickens can be obviously improved in the later period of breeding, the inhibition of antibiotics on the antioxidant capacity of the broiler chickens in the earlier period of breeding can be avoided, and the effect of improving the antioxidant capacity of the broiler chickens by compounding the asparagus polysaccharide and the tannic acid is more obvious.
4. Determination of immunoglobulin and cytokine levels under different feeding conditions
The ELISA competition method is adopted to measure the levels of immunoglobulin and cytokine in serum, including IgG, IgA, IgM, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, and the measuring steps are carried out according to the instruction of a kit (Nanjing institute of bioengineering). Specific results are shown in table 6;
TABLE 6 comparison of serum immune indices of broilers under different feeding conditions
Figure BDA0002869580040000072
Figure BDA0002869580040000081
As can be seen from table 6, in terms of immunoglobulin, the serum IgM and IgG contents of test group I and test group II were significantly higher than those of the antibiotic control group, both in the early stage and the late stage of cultivation. However, the serum IgM level of the test group I in the early stage of cultivation is lower than that of the blank group, and the serum IgM and IgG level of the test group II in the later stage of cultivation is obviously higher than that of the blank group. In the early culture period of the antibiotic control group, the contents of serum IgG and IgM are lower than those of the blank group; in the later period of culture, the serum IgM content of the antibiotic control group is obviously lower than that of the blank group.
In terms of inflammatory factors, both the pre-and post-culture period, the serum TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta levels were lower in both test group I and test group II than in the blank group. And the serum TNF-alpha content of the antibiotic control group is slightly higher than that of the blank group and the IL-1 beta content is obviously lower than that of the blank group no matter in the early stage or the later stage of the culture.
The results show that the addition of asparagus polysaccharide or asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid in the feed can effectively improve the immune globulin content of broiler serum, reduce the level of inflammatory factors and improve the immunity of broiler.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A poultry feed added with asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid is characterized in that: the feed consists of a basal diet and an efficacy component;
the efficacy component is asparagus polysaccharide or a composition of asparagus polysaccharide and tannic acid;
the addition amount of the asparagus polysaccharide in the poultry feed is 0.05-0.15%; the weight ratio of the asparagus polysaccharide to the tannin is 5-15: 1 to 5.
2. The poultry feed according to claim 1, wherein the basal diet comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-58% of corn, 14-20% of soybean meal, 6-8% of flour, 3-7% of corn protein powder, 3-4% of peanut cake, 3-5% of corn DDGS, 0.5-2% of soybean oil, 0.8-1.1% of stone powder, 0.2-0.25% of methionine, 0.5-1.5% of glutamic acid, 1-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.8-0.9% of L-lysine, 0.3-0.4% of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.3-0.5% of montmorillonite, 0.2% of mineral premix, 0.1-0.2% of L-threonine, 0.05-0.15% of choline chloride and 0.01-0.1% of anhydrous betaine.
3. The poultry feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the poultry are broiler chickens.
4. The asparagus polysaccharide is applied as a feed additive for improving the immunity and the growth performance of broiler chickens.
5. The asparagus polysaccharide and the tannic acid are used as feed additives for improving the immunity and the growth performance of broiler chickens.
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