CN112739186B - Metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation - Google Patents
Metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metamaterial wave absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation, which belongs to the technical field of metamaterials and comprises a metal structure layer, a medium layer and a metal film layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the medium layer is arranged between the metal structure layer and the metal film layer, and the metal structure layer comprises a plurality of periodic units which are periodically arranged along the directions of an x axis and a y axis. The invention can realize the function of single frequency or broadband absorption through the structural design of the absorption unit; the outward radiation energy of the dielectric layer can be blocked to a certain extent by increasing the wire grid structure, and the radiation is reduced on the premise of ensuring the absorption; and the structure is simple and convenient to process, the mass production can be realized, the structure limit is smaller, the used materials are all conventional materials, the implementation is easy, and meanwhile, the design scheme is flexible, and the microwave and millimeter wave band and terahertz frequency band can be designed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metamaterials, in particular to a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation.
Background
The metamaterial is a novel artificial synthetic material and is composed of a substrate made of a dielectric material and an artificial design microstructure on the surface or in the substrate, wherein the microstructure can be arranged in various ways according to design requirements, so that a periodic unit of the metamaterial is formed. Compared with the conventional material, the metamaterial has the practical advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, easy integration and the like, and has wide prospect in engineering application and scientific research.
In recent years, metamaterials have rapidly developed in the field of wave-absorbing material design. The traditional absorbing materials such as ferrite, metal micropowder, silicon carbide, conductive fiber and the like have the defects of thick, heavy, poor stability and the like, the application range is limited, the metamaterial can realize response characteristics such as enhancement of surface transmission, radiation reduction, absorption enhancement and the like by utilizing the design of a surface resonance unit, and simultaneously can realize different performances on a limited structure by utilizing the structural combination to regulate and control the equivalent dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity, thereby overcoming the thickness limitation brought by diffraction effect to the traditional absorbing material.
At present, the wave absorbing materials based on the metamaterial are insensitive to polarization, wide in incidence angle, multi-band, wide in frequency band and the like, but the absorption rate is enhanced mainly in design, the radiation attention of the metamaterial wave absorbing structure is less, and in certain specific detection or imaging environments, the absorption efficiency of the structure is high, and meanwhile, the interference of the radiation to detection is reduced. The above problems are to be solved, and for this purpose, a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to achieve the effects of enhancing absorption and reducing radiation, solve the problems of complex structure, high processing difficulty, small absorption bandwidth and the like, and provide a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation, so that the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure can reduce surface radiation and ensure absorption efficiency, and meanwhile, the broadband absorption effect can be achieved through reasonable design of structural parameters.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme that the metal structure layer, the dielectric layer and the metal film layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the dielectric layer is arranged between the metal structure layer and the metal film layer, the metal structure layer comprises a plurality of periodic units which are periodically arranged along the directions of an x axis and a y axis, one periodic unit comprises an absorption unit and a metal wire grid which is arranged along the direction of the y axis, the metal wire grids in each periodic unit which is arranged along the direction of the x axis are mutually parallel, and the metal wire grids in each periodic unit which is arranged along the direction of the y axis are integrated.
Further, the metal film layer is a continuous metal film.
Furthermore, the metal film and the metal structure layer are made of any one of gold, silver and copper.
Further, the dielectric layer is made of a high-loss dielectric material.
Further, the material of the dielectric layer is any one of FR4 and polyimide materials.
Still further, the absorption unit includes a plurality of resonance structures, each of which is distributed in a region of the absorption unit.
Furthermore, each structure corresponds to a different absorption peak, resonance occurs at the frequency corresponding to the absorption peak, and broadband absorption is realized by superposition of a plurality of absorption peaks.
Furthermore, the resonance structures are respectively five orthogonal cross structures with different sizes, two rectangular structures with the same size and a circular structure, the rectangular structures and the circular structures are arranged at the edge positions of the areas of the absorption unit, the orthogonal cross structures with the different sizes are arranged along the x-axis direction, and the orthogonal cross structures with the different sizes are arranged at the middle positions of the areas of the absorption unit.
Further, the five orthogonal cross structures of different sizes include one large cross structure and four small cross structures, the four small cross structures being distributed around the large cross structure.
Further, the calculation formula of the absorption rate of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is as follows:
A＝1-R-T
wherein R is reflectivity, and T is transmissivity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the metamaterial wave absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation can realize the function of single frequency or broadband absorption through the structural design of the absorption unit; the outward radiation energy of the dielectric layer can be blocked to a certain extent by increasing the wire grid structure, and the radiation is reduced on the premise of ensuring the absorption; and the structure is simple and convenient to process, the mass production can be realized, the structure limit is smaller, the used materials are all conventional materials, the implementation is easy, meanwhile, the design scheme is flexible, the microwave and millimeter wave band and the terahertz band can be designed, and the microwave and millimeter wave band terahertz band is worth being popularized and used.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a metal structure layer according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a metal structure layer in a cycle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the transmittance spectrum of a metal structure layer in a working band according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an absorption spectrum diagram of a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure under normal incidence of an operating frequency band in a second embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
The following describes in detail the examples of the present invention, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples
The embodiment provides a technical scheme: a metamaterial wave absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation comprises a three-layer structure, wherein a metal film layer, a medium layer and a metal structure layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and the medium substrate layer is arranged between the metal structure layer and the metal film layer. The metal film layer is a continuous metal film, and the material is preferably gold, silver or copper, and the thickness is preferably 0.03-0.05 mm. The dielectric layer is preferably a high loss dielectric such as FR4, polyimide, or the like (the material itself has a relatively large imaginary part of the dielectric constant). The thickness of the dielectric layer influences the absorption effect of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure, and the thickness parameter is optimized according to the working frequency range suitable for the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure during design. The metal structure layer comprises metal wire grid patterns and absorption units, and the metal wire grid patterns and the absorption units are periodically distributed along the directions of an x axis and a y axis which are mutually perpendicular on the metal structure layer, and the thickness is preferably 0.03 mm-0.05 mm.
When electromagnetic waves are incident on the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure, electromagnetic resonance is excited between the absorption unit and the dielectric layer 2, and meanwhile, the absorption of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure on the incident electromagnetic waves can be enhanced due to the fact that the material of the dielectric layer 2 has a large dielectric constant imaginary part. The medium layer 2 can radiate electromagnetic waves outwards at the same time, and the wire grid pattern added to the metal structure layer 3 can block electromagnetic waves radiated by the medium layer 2 from radiating outwards to a certain extent, so that the functions of enhancing absorption and reducing radiation are integrally realized.
The absorption units include N metal resonance structures, and each absorption unit has a size in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction smaller than one period length of the metal wire grid pattern in the y-axis direction. Each resonance structure of the absorption unit can be identical in shape or can be a plurality of patterns with different shapes and different size parameters according to the required working frequency range and absorption bandwidth. For example, to achieve broadband absorption, it is necessary to design resonance structures with different dimensions, each metal resonance structure corresponds to a different resonance frequency, resonance occurs at the corresponding resonance frequency to form an absorption peak, and broadband absorption is achieved by superposition of multiple absorption peaks. The transmittance of the single metal pattern layer is calculated through simulation, and the width of the metal wire grid is optimized to achieve the effect of reducing the transmittance.
The invention relates to a metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation, which comprises the following calculation formula of the absorption rate:
A＝1-R-T
wherein R is reflectivity, and T is transmissivity.
In order to maximize the absorptivity a, it is desirable that the reflectance and transmittance be as small as possible over the entire frequency range. In the wave absorbing unit designed by the invention, the metal structural layer 3 is all metal, electromagnetic waves cannot be transmitted, and the transmissivity approaches to zero, so that the calculation formula of the absorptivity A can be simplified to A=1-R. The reflectivity R can be obtained by calculation of an S11 parameter obtained through electromagnetic simulation and experimental test.
Examples
According to the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation, the working frequency band is the W wave band, and the broadband absorption effect can be achieved. As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a front view of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure, in this embodiment, the metal thin film layer 1 is made of copper, the thickness is 0.03mm, and the transmission of electromagnetic waves can be greatly reduced by adopting a metal substrate, so that the transmission effect can be ignored when the absorption efficiency is calculated. The dielectric layer 2 adopts FR4 loss dielectric with the thickness of 0.18mm, and the metal structure layer 3 is made of copper with the thickness of 0.03mm.
The working frequency band of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure in the embodiment is a W band, namely, the broadband absorption effect is realized at 75-110 GHz. Fig. 2 is a schematic partial top view of the metal structure layer 3. Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the metal structure layer 3 in a cycle (within the dashed square), each cycle consisting of five orthogonal cross structures of different sizes, two rectangular and one circular structures of the same size, and an absorber unit, plus a metal wire grid at the edge, periodically arranged over the whole metal structure layer 3 in the x-axis and y-axis directions with a period of 3.08mm. The wire grid has a width of 0.68mm and extends along the y-axis direction; the two side lengths of the middle orthogonal cross structure are respectively 0.8mm and 0.85mm, the four surrounding orthogonal cross structures have the same size, and the two side lengths are respectively 0.74mm and 0.65mm; the length and width of the rectangle are 0.5mm and 0.2mm respectively, and the diameter of the circular patch is 0.5mm. The size of each metal resonance structure is smaller than 3.08mm of period, and each metal resonance structure is arranged in the middle area between the metal wire grids and is not overlapped with the wire grids parallel to the two sides. Resonance structures (respectively, five orthogonal cross structures with different sizes, two rectangles with the same size and one circular structure) in the absorption units respectively correspond to different resonance frequencies, resonance occurs at the corresponding resonance frequencies to form absorption peaks, and broadband absorption is realized through superposition of a plurality of absorption peaks.
Fig. 4 shows the transmittance calculated by simulation of the metal structure layer 3, as shown in fig. 4, the transmittance in the W-band is generally lower than 20%, so that the dielectric layer 2 has a certain radiation reducing effect on external radiation of electromagnetic waves.
Fig. 5 shows the absorption result of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure of the present embodiment on the normal incident electromagnetic wave in the W-band, and the transmittance T is negligible in the whole spectrum range based on the calculation formula of the absorptivity a in the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure of the present embodiment has a good absorption effect in the W-band, and the present invention realizes the characteristic of broadband absorption. Meanwhile, it can be seen that the adjustment and control of the absorption bandwidth can be realized by adjusting the number, shape, size and arrangement of the resonance structures of the absorption units.
It should be noted that the metal resonance structure is not necessarily the shape in the present embodiment, but may be a wafer, a ring, a rectangle, a snowflake shape, or the like, and the number may be increased or decreased.
In summary, in the metamaterial wave absorbing structure for enhancing absorption and reducing surface radiation in the above embodiment, the structure design of the absorbing unit can realize the function of single frequency or broadband absorption; the outward radiation energy of the dielectric layer can be blocked to a certain extent by increasing the wire grid structure, and the radiation is reduced on the premise of ensuring the absorption; and the structure is simple and convenient to process, the mass production can be realized, the structure limit is smaller, the used materials are all conventional materials, the implementation is easy, meanwhile, the design scheme is flexible, the microwave and millimeter wave band and the terahertz band can be designed, and the microwave and millimeter wave band terahertz band is worth being popularized and used.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption of reduced surface radiation, characterized by: the metal structure layer comprises a plurality of periodic units which are periodically arranged along the directions of an x axis and a y axis, wherein one periodic unit comprises an absorption unit and a metal wire grid which is arranged along the direction of the y axis, the metal wire grids in each periodic unit which is arranged along the direction of the x axis are mutually parallel, and the metal wire grids in each periodic unit which is arranged along the direction of the y axis are integrated;
the absorption unit comprises a plurality of resonance structures, and each resonance structure is distributed in the area of the absorption unit;
each metal resonance structure in the absorption unit corresponds to different resonance frequencies, resonance occurs at the corresponding resonance frequencies to form absorption peaks, and broadband absorption is realized through superposition of a plurality of absorption peaks;
the resonance structures are respectively five orthogonal cross structures with different sizes, two rectangular structures with the same size and a circular structure, the rectangular structures and the circular structures are arranged at the edge positions of the areas of the absorption units and are arranged along the x-axis direction, and the five orthogonal cross structures with different sizes are arranged at the middle positions of the areas of the absorption units;
the five orthogonal cross structures with different sizes comprise a large cross structure and four small cross structures, and the four small cross structures are distributed around the large cross structure.
2. A metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption of reduced surface radiation as defined in claim 1, wherein: the metal film layer is a continuous metal film.
3. A metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption of reduced surface radiation as defined in claim 2, wherein: the metal film and the metal structure layer are made of any one of gold, silver and copper.
4. A metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption of reduced surface radiation as defined in claim 1, wherein: the dielectric layer is made of a high-loss dielectric material.
5. A metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption of reduced surface radiation as defined in claim 4, wherein: the dielectric layer is made of any one of FR4 and polyimide materials.
6. A metamaterial wave-absorbing structure for enhancing absorption of reduced surface radiation as defined in claim 1, wherein: the calculation formula of the absorption rate of the metamaterial wave-absorbing structure is as follows:
A＝1-R-T
wherein R is reflectivity, and T is transmissivity.
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