CN112723920A - Silicolite-containing compost as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Silicolite-containing compost as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112723920A
CN112723920A CN202110061775.XA CN202110061775A CN112723920A CN 112723920 A CN112723920 A CN 112723920A CN 202110061775 A CN202110061775 A CN 202110061775A CN 112723920 A CN112723920 A CN 112723920A
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compost
pumice
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张增强
李荣华
王权
任秀娜
张悦
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Northwest A&F University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of compost, in particular to compost containing pumice and a preparation method and application thereof. The compost comprises compost raw materials and pumice; the mass ratio of the dry matters of the pumice and the compost raw materials is 2.5-15: 100. According to the invention, by adding a proper amount of pumice in the compost raw materials, not only can the greenhouse gas and odor emission amount of the compost be reduced, but also the serious problem of nitrogen loss in the compost can be solved, and the nutrient content in the compost can be improved.

Description

Silicolite-containing compost as well as preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compost, in particular to a compost containing pumice and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of economic society and the improvement of the living standard of residents, the production amount and the discharge amount of organic solid wastes (including livestock and poultry manure, municipal sludge, kitchen garbage and the like) are rapidly increased, and the organic solid wastes are generally high in moisture content, easy to decay and foul and have larger and larger influence on the environment, so that the organic solid wastes are particularly important for harmless treatment and resource utilization. The aerobic composting is a process of converting organic solid wastes into stable humus by utilizing the decomposition action of microorganisms under the ventilation state, and simultaneously, the high temperature generated in the composting process is utilized to achieve the effects of killing pathogenic microorganisms and inactivating weed seeds, thereby really realizing the treatment of 'three-way'. After the organic solid waste is subjected to composting treatment, the organic solid waste is applied to a farmland, so that the soil structure can be improved, the soil fertility is improved, the crop yield is increased, and the composting treatment becomes a main mode for treating various organic solid wastes due to the advantages of low operation cost, high speed, high efficiency and the like.
However, the organic solid waste itself has a poor structure, a high humidity and an inconsistent C/N, and thus does not have ideal aerobic composting conditions. Under the condition of adding an additive, the organic solid waste compost can be started, but still has the problems of serious greenhouse gas emission and nitrogen loss, large odor emission and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a silicon pumice-containing compost as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compost containing the pumice provided by the invention not only can reduce the greenhouse gas and odor emission amount of the compost, but also solves the serious problem of nitrogen loss in the compost, and improves the nutrient content in the compost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a compost containing pumice, which comprises a compost raw material and pumice; the mass ratio of the dry matters of the pumice and the compost raw materials is 2.5-15: 100.
Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw material is (20-35): 1; the water content of the mixture of the compost raw material and the pumice is 50-65%.
Preferably, the water content of the pumice is 1-10%; the particle size of the pumice is less than 2 cm.
Preferably, the compost raw materials comprise organic solid waste and crop straws; the water content of the organic solid waste is 10-85%; the water content of the crop straws is 5-85%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the dry matters of the organic solid waste to the crop straws is 1 (0.1-1).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pumice-containing compost in the scheme, which comprises the following steps:
providing a mixed material containing compost raw materials and pumice;
and carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixed material to obtain the compost containing the pumice.
Preferably, the time of the aerobic fermentation is 35-50 d.
Preferably, the ventilation rate of the aerobic fermentation is 0.1-0.2 m per cubic meter of the material3Min; the ventilated gas is air.
The invention also provides application of the pumice-containing compost in the scheme or the pumice-containing compost prepared by the preparation method in improving compost maturity, reducing nitrogen loss in compost fermentation and reducing greenhouse gas emission in the compost fermentation process.
The invention provides a compost containing pumice, which comprises compost raw materials and pumice; the mass ratio of the dry matters of the pumice and the compost raw materials is 2.5-15: 100. According to the invention, by adding a proper amount of pumice in the compost raw materials, not only can the greenhouse gas and odor emission amount of the compost be reduced, but also the serious problem of nitrogen loss in the compost can be solved, and the nutrient content in the compost can be improved; the embodiment shows that the addition of 2.5 to 15 percent of pumice can obviously reduce 6 to 29 percent of NH3Discharge, 20% -49% of N2O emission and CH of 12-54%4Discharging; in addition, GI values of the prepared compost containing the pumice exceed 80% at the end of an experiment, compared with a control group (containing no pumice), the GI value of a 10% pumice experiment group can be improved by 34.06%, and the rotten effect is better; from the aspect of nitrogen loss, the adding amount of 10 percent of pumice can obviously improve the nitrogen retention effect of the pile body and reduce ammonia gas and ammonia gasAnd (4) discharging nitrous oxide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing temperature variation characteristics of different amounts of pumice in application example 1 during composting;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation characteristics of nitrous oxide during composting with different amounts of pumice in application example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the variation characteristics of ammonia gas during composting with different amounts of pumice in application example 1;
FIG. 4 is a picture of the variation characteristics of methane during composting with different amounts of pumice in application example 1;
fig. 5 is a characteristic diagram of the change of germination index in composting process with different amounts of pumice in application example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a compost containing pumice, which comprises compost raw materials and pumice; the mass ratio of the dry matters of the pumice to the compost raw materials is 2.5-15: 100, preferably 5-10: 100, and more preferably 10: 100.
Unless otherwise specified, the present invention does not require any particular source for the components of the pumice-containing compost, and any commercially available product known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the invention, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw material is preferably (20-35): 1, more preferably (23-27): 1, and most preferably 25: 1; the water content of the mixture of the compost raw material and the pumice is preferably 50-65%, more preferably 57-63%, and most preferably 60%; when the compost raw material and the pumice are directly mixed and do not meet the requirement of optimal water content, the invention preferably uses water to adjust the water content. The water content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost materials have close relation with the compost temperature, the microbial metabolic activity, nutrient dissolution and transportation, the maintenance of a pore structure and the like.
In the present invention, the compost raw material preferably includes organic solid waste and crop straw; the mass ratio of the dry matters of the organic solid waste to the crop straws is preferably 1 (0.1-1), further preferably 1 (0.2-0.6), and most preferably 1: 0.4; the organic solid waste preferably comprises livestock manure, the livestock manure preferably comprises pig manure, and the pig manure preferably comprises fresh pig manure; the water content of the organic solid waste is preferably 10-85%, more preferably 60-70%, and most preferably 65%; the crop straw preferably comprises wheat straw; the water content of the crop straws is preferably 2-15%, more preferably 3-8%, and most preferably 5%; the water content of the pumice is preferably 2% to 5%, more preferably 3% to 4%, and most preferably 3.5%. The invention has no special requirement on the source of the pumice, and the pumice can be obtained by adopting commercial products which are well known by the technical personnel in the field; the sildendum disclosed by the invention is preferably purchased from the environmental protection biotechnology Limited of Shenzhen Youliqian. According to the invention, the water content of the organic solid waste, the crop straws and the pumice is controlled, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw materials and the total water content of the composting raw materials and the pumice can be more favorably adjusted, and the composting reaction is favorably carried out.
In the invention, the particle size of the pumice is preferably less than 2cm, more preferably 0.5-1.5 cm, and most preferably 1 cm; the crop straw is preferably subjected to pretreatment before compost fermentation, wherein the pretreatment comprises air drying and crushing, and the crushing particle size is preferably 1-2 cm; the water content of the crop straws and the sillimanite is the water content after air drying. The invention can be beneficial to the even mixing and fermentation of compost materials and the determination of samples by controlling the grain sizes of the straws and the pumice, so that the determination result is more accurate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pumice-containing compost in the scheme, which comprises the following steps:
providing a mixed material containing compost raw materials and pumice;
and carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixed material to obtain the compost containing the pumice.
The invention firstly mixes compost raw materials and pumice to obtain mixed materials. The mixing method of the present invention is not limited, and a mixing method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
And (3) after obtaining the mixed material, carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixed material to obtain the compost containing the pumice. In the present invention, the time for the aerobic fermentation is preferably 35 to 50 days, and more preferably 42 days. According to the invention, through mixing a proper amount of pumice and compost raw materials for aerobic fermentation, the compost fermentation can be completed within 35-50 days, and the sanitation index and the maturity standard can be reached.
In the invention, the ventilation rate of the aerobic fermentation is preferably 0.1-0.2 m per cubic meter of material3Min, further preferably 0.13-0.17 m per cubic meter of material3Min, most preferably 0.15m per cubic meter of material3Min; the ventilation gas is preferably air. By providing proper ventilation quantity, the invention not only can provide sufficient oxygen for the activity and reproduction of microorganisms in the composting process and take away carbon dioxide generated in the composting process, but also can take away redundant moisture and heat in the composting reaction, thereby stabilizing the moisture content and temperature in the composting process; in addition, the proper oxygen supply can reduce the volatilization of ammonia gas and the release of odor in the compost, thereby promoting the progress of the compost. The reaction device for aerobic fermentation preferably adopts a reaction device with an automatic control aeration system. The source of the reaction apparatus for the aerobic fermentation in the present invention is not limited, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The invention also provides application of the pumice-containing compost in the scheme or the pumice-containing compost prepared by the preparation method in improving compost maturity, reducing nitrogen loss in compost fermentation and reducing greenhouse gas emission in the compost fermentation process.
According to the invention, by adding a proper amount of pumice in the compost raw materials, not only can the greenhouse gas and odor emission amount of the compost be reduced, but also the serious problem of nitrogen loss in the compost can be solved, and the nutrient content in the compost can be improved.
In addition, the invention adopts the pumice as the compost additive, and achieves the triple effects of high efficiency, low pollution and waste recyclingThe effect is achieved; the invention has the advantages of low cost, wide application range, simple operation and the like, and can reduce greenhouse gas (CH) in the composting process through the good adsorption effect of the pumice4And N2O) and NH3And the generation and the emission of harmful gases are avoided, the problem of treating the waste glass is relieved to a certain extent, and the method has good social, economic and environmental benefits and popularization value.
For further illustration of the present invention, the present invention provides a sillimanite-containing compost, a method for preparing the same and its use, which are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A compost containing pumice consists of the following preparation raw materials: pig manure (taken from fresh pig manure in a local farm), wheat straw (air-dried and mechanically crushed by 1-2 cm) and pumice (taken from Shenzhen Youliqian environmental protection biotechnology, and the pumice is air-dried for later use, and the basic physicochemical properties are shown in Table 1); the basic properties of fresh pig manure and wheat straw are shown in table 2.
The preparation of the compost comprises the following steps:
mixing pig manure, wheat straw and pumice to obtain a mixture (the water content of the mixture is adjusted to be 60%, and the C/N is 25:1), and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 42 days to obtain compost containing the pumice. Wherein the mass ratio of the dry matters of the pig manure to the wheat straws is 1:0.4, and the addition amount of the pumice is 2.5 percent of the total amount of the dry matters of the pig manure and the wheat straws. In order to ensure sufficient oxygen, aeration and pile turning are adopted. The ventilation rate is 0.15m per cubic meter of material3Min (air as aeration gas), the frequency of turning the pile was 3 d/time in the first week (after obtaining the mixture) and 7 d/time in the second week.
TABLE 1 basic Properties of pumice
Figure BDA0002902948320000061
TABLE 2 basic traits of fresh pig manure and wheat straw
Figure BDA0002902948320000062
Example 2
A compost similar to that of example 1, containing pumice, the only difference being that the pumice was added in an amount of 5% of the total mass of dry matter of pig manure and wheat straw.
Example 3
A compost similar to that of example 1, containing pumice, the only difference being that the pumice was added in an amount of 10% of the total mass of dry matter of pig manure and wheat straw.
Example 4
A compost similar to that of example 1, containing pumice, the only difference being that the amount of pumice added is 15% of the total mass of dry matter of the pig manure and the wheat straw.
Comparative example 1
A compost containing pumice stone similar to that of example 1, the only difference being that the raw materials were prepared without pumice stone.
Application example 1
The stack temperature, NH, was measured during the preparation of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1, respectively3、CH4、N2O and Germination Index (GI), as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 and tables 3 to 7, respectively.
The detection method of each parameter index is as follows:
the temperature of the stack is automatically acquired by a temperature probe through a sensor every 4 hours.
NH3Absorbing with 2% boric acid absorption bottle at the top of the fermentation tank, and collecting with 1/2H2SO4(c-0.0512 mol/L) by titration.
CH4And N2O samples the gas with a syringe-type sampler. Determined by gas chromatography (6890N, Agilent technologies) equipped with a flame ionization detector and an electron capture detector.
Germination Index (GI): extracting fresh samples with 1:10mL of water, filtering (i.e. extracting filtrate after soaking), adding 10mL of extract into a culture dish with the diameter of 9cm and paved with filter paper, dibbling 10 full Chinese cabbage seeds, placing in an incubator at 25 ℃ for dark culture, measuring the germination index GI of the seeds at 72h, repeating each treatment group for 3 times, and comparing with distilled water. The formula for Germination Index (GI) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002902948320000071
TABLE 3 temperature change during composting with different amounts of pumice
Figure BDA0002902948320000072
Figure BDA0002902948320000081
Figure BDA0002902948320000091
Note: CK corresponds to the compost preparation process of comparative example 1, T1 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 1, T2 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 2, T3 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 3, and T4 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 4.
TABLE 4 variation of nitrous oxide during composting with different amounts of pumice
Figure BDA0002902948320000092
Figure BDA0002902948320000101
Note: CK corresponds to the compost preparation process of comparative example 1, T1 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 1, T2 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 2, T3 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 3, and T4 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 4.
TABLE 5 characteristics of ammonia change during composting with different amounts of pumice
Figure BDA0002902948320000111
Figure BDA0002902948320000121
Note: CK corresponds to the compost preparation process of comparative example 1, T1 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 1, T2 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 2, T3 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 3, and T4 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 4.
TABLE 6 characteristics of methane changes during composting with different amounts of pumice
Figure BDA0002902948320000131
Figure BDA0002902948320000141
Note: CK corresponds to the compost preparation process of comparative example 1, T1 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 1, T2 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 2, T3 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 3, and T4 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 4.
TABLE 7 change of germination index during composting with different amounts of pumice
Figure BDA0002902948320000142
Figure BDA0002902948320000151
Note: CK corresponds to the compost preparation process of comparative example 1, T1 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 1, T2 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 2, T3 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 3, and T4 corresponds to the compost preparation process of example 4.
As can be seen from FIG. 1 and Table 3, all treatments can be rapidly heated up to enter a high temperature period, and the time when the temperature exceeds 55 ℃ reaches 11-14 days, wherein the harmless time when 10% of pumice is added is longest, the harmless time when the 10% of pumice is added reaches 14 days, and the harmless time when 15% of pumice is added is shortest, namely 11 days.
As can be seen from FIG. 2 and Table 4, compost N prepared in comparative example 1 at the end of composting2The cumulative discharge of O is 1855.56mg, and N is treated by adding 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15% of pumice2The O emission reduction rates sequentially reach 20.08%, 51.02%, 68.95% and 48.98% respectively, and the main reason is that the addition of the pumice prolongs the high-temperature stage of the stack body, and has negative influence on the nitrification of the stack body, so that NO is caused3 -Reduction of formation of N, N2O is also reduced. The addition of 15% pumice may result in faster heat dissipation of the stack due to excess pumice, reduced temperature and oxygen content of the stack, and reduced nitrification, N2The emission reduction rate of O is lower than that of the treatment of 10 percent of pumice.
As can be seen from FIG. 3 and Table 5, at the end of composting, the compost NH prepared in comparative example 13The cumulative emission was 9535.81mg, and NH was treated with 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15% pumice3The emission reduction rates sequentially reach 6.61%, 15.60%, 22.15% and 28.16% respectively. The main reason is that the huge specific surface area and pore structure of the pumice itself are responsible for the NH inside the stack3And NH4 +N has certain adsorption effect.
As can be seen from FIG. 4 and Table 6, at the end of composting, the compost CH prepared in comparative example 14Cumulative emission 11.95g, 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15% pumice added to the CH4The emission reduction rates sequentially reach 12.80%, 35.23%, 46.03% and 53.72% respectively. The main reason is that the macroporosity of the pumice increases the aeration and oxygen content of the compost, reduces the risk of anaerobism during the composting process and thus makes CH available4The emission is reduced.
As can be seen from FIG. 5 and Table 7, the degree of decomposition is better when the 10% pumice stone is added, and the germination index reaches 138.7%.
In conclusion, the main physicochemical indexes and the gas emission rules of pig manure aerobic composting at different adding levels of the pumice are that the pumice accounting for 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15% of the total dry basis proportion of the pig manure and the straws is added, so that the high-temperature time in the composting process is prolonged, and the emission of greenhouse gases and ammonia gases is reduced. In addition, GI values of the composts prepared in examples 1-4 at the end of the experiment all exceed 80%, compared with the compost prepared in comparative example 1, the GI value of the compost prepared in example 3 can be improved by 34.06%, and the rotten effect is better. And from the nitrogen loss, the nitrogen retention effect of the stack can be obviously improved by 10 percent of the addition amount of the pumice, and the emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide is reduced. Therefore, the invention not only can reduce the greenhouse gas and odor emission of the compost, but also solves the serious problem of nitrogen loss in the compost and improves the nutrient content in the compost by adding a proper amount of pumice in the compost raw materials.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A compost containing pumice, which comprises compost raw materials and pumice; the mass ratio of the dry matters of the pumice and the compost raw materials is 2.5-15: 100.
2. The pumice-containing compost of claim 1, wherein the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the compost raw material is (20-35): 1; the water content of the mixture of the compost raw material and the pumice is 50-65%.
3. A compost containing pumice according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pumice has a water content of 1% to 10%; the particle size of the pumice is less than 2 cm.
4. A compost containing pumice according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compost raw material comprises organic solid waste and crop straw; the water content of the organic solid waste is 10-85%; the water content of the crop straws is 5-85%.
5. The pumice-containing compost of claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of dry matters of the organic solid waste to the crop straws is 1 (0.1-1).
6. A method for producing a pumice-containing compost according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
providing a mixed material containing compost raw materials and pumice;
and carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixed material to obtain the compost containing the pumice.
7. The preparation method of claim 6, wherein the aerobic fermentation time is 35-50 days.
8. The preparation method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the ventilation rate of the aerobic fermentation is 0.1-0.2 m per cubic meter of the material3Min; the ventilated gas is air.
9. Use of the pumice-containing compost of any one of claims 1 to 5 or the pumice-containing compost prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 6 to 8 for improving compost maturity, reducing nitrogen loss in compost fermentation, and reducing greenhouse gas emission in the compost fermentation process.
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