CN112715782A - 一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,包括以下组分:鱼粉、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉、磷虾粉、发酵豆粕、鸡肉骨粉、木薯淀粉、鱼油、豆油、乙氧基喹啉、磷酸二氢钙、氯化胆碱、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、保肝功能添加剂;本发明还公开了所述配合饲料在加州鲈成鱼养殖阶段中的应用。本发明的配合饲料可有效保护成鱼期加州鲈的肝脏,预防成鱼期加州鲈肝脏疾病的发生,同时可有效提升饲料的转化效率,提高成鱼期加州鲈的生长速度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产鱼类饲料领域,具体涉及一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料及其应用。
背景技术
加州鲈,学名为大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides,Lacepèe 1802),属鲈形目、鲈亚目、太阳鱼科、黑鲈属,原产于美国加州密西西比河水系。加州鲈肉质鲜美、抗病力强、生长迅速、易起捕、适温较广,是一种名贵肉食性鱼类,在全世界各水域均有养殖。我国于上世纪80年代首次在广东引入加州鲈进行人工养殖,此后推广到全国其他水域。目前全国已有20多个省市养殖生产加州鲈,主产区由广东、浙江、江苏、江西、四川等地逐渐向湖北、福建、贵州和安徽等地发展。
加州鲈是肉食性凶猛鱼类,传统养殖一直采用冰鲜鱼投喂。但采用冰鲜鱼投喂进行养殖的方式对养殖环境以及整个海洋渔业资源造成了较大的破坏,制约着加州鲈养殖行业的发展。近年来随着饲料工业的发展,加州鲈养殖也由传统冰鲜鱼投喂方式开始转变为冰鲜加饲料混合投喂方式,甚至不少地区开始选择全程投喂配合饲料。目前市场上加州鲈饲料品种奇多,质量参差不齐,实际生产中发生投喂配合饲料后导致加州鲈生长速度变慢、饲料系数变高的问题,这在一定程度上阻碍了加州鲈养殖配合饲料的推广和应用。
加州鲈是先天的“糖尿病患者”(对糖类的耐受能力低且对淀粉利用率低),因此饲料中淀粉含量过高会增加加州鲈肝脏的负荷,诱发肝胆类疾病,常出现花肝、绿肝、肝脏肿大、发白、发黄,严重时甚至引发鱼类死亡,这也很大程度上制约了加州鲈养殖业的发展。而在膨化配合饲料实际生产中又需要淀粉的粘结能力,因此如何保证饲料淀粉含量能够提供足够的粘结力,又处于合理范围值是取得加州鲈饲料突破的一个关键点。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明根据加州鲈成鱼阶段(>100g)的生长发育特征和营养需求特点,提供一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,所述配合饲料可有效保护成鱼期加州鲈的肝脏,预防肝脏疾病发生,同时有效提升饲料的转化效率,提高成鱼期加州鲈的生长速度。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,包括以下组分:鱼粉、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉、磷虾粉、发酵豆粕、鸡肉骨粉、木薯淀粉、鱼油、豆油、乙氧基喹啉、磷酸二氢钙、氯化胆碱、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、保肝功能添加剂。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述饲料还包括预混料,所述预混料为加州鲈专用预混料。
需要说明的是,所述加州鲈专用预混料为广东海大集团股份有限公司所提供,可于市面上购得。
作为一种优选的技术方案,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉33~36份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉6~8份、磷虾粉10~12份、发酵豆粕13~16份、鸡肉骨粉11~14份、木薯淀粉8~9份、鱼油3~5份、豆油2~4份、乙氧基喹啉0.1~0.3份、磷酸二氢钙1.5~2份、氯化胆碱0.5~0.8份、赖氨酸0.2~0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2~0.3份、保肝功能添加剂2~3份、加州鲈专用预混料2~3份。
上述配方中各组分用量配比的原则为:以满足动物营养需求(蛋白、氨基酸、脂肪、能量)同时注重营养均衡(蛋能比、糖脂比),再结合养殖试验搭配使用。其中原料中动植物复合蛋白源-喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉、磷虾粉、发酵豆粕、鸡肉骨粉的使用比例是结合养殖试验结果,所选择为最佳鱼粉替代水平的量。
作为一种优选的技术方案,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉34份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉7份、磷虾粉10份、发酵豆粕15份、鸡肉骨粉13.7份、木薯淀粉8份、鱼油3.5份、豆油3份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.6份、赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
作为一种优选的技术方案,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉34份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉7份、磷虾粉11份、发酵豆粕15份、鸡肉骨粉12.7份、木薯淀粉8份、鱼油3.5份、豆油3份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.6份、赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述保肝功能添加剂包括以下组分:板蓝根、黄芩、黄柏、大黄、五味子、胡黄连、姜黄素、胆汁酸、豆粕。
所述保肝功能添加剂中,姜黄素、胡黄连、板蓝根、大黄、黄芩和黄柏可有效降低加州鲈的肝体比、脏体比,其中姜黄素能够提高肝脏中单不饱和脂肪酸和降低多不饱和脂肪酸的比例,并且对肝脏的蛋白酶和脂肪酶有显著的影响。五味子粗多糖的保肝作用与其对抗脂质过氧化、促进肝再生和利胆作用有关;五味子还能降低肝脏中的总脂肪含量,通过预防和治疗试验进行评价,认为五味子还有治疗脂肪肝的效果。胆汁酸是胆汁的主要成分之一,可促进加州鲈体内脂肪代谢,降低机体脂肪沉积,提高其肌肉品质及可食部分比例。豆粕起载体作用。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述保肝功能添加剂中各组分的重量份数如下:板蓝根12~16份、黄芩2~4份、黄柏2~4份、大黄2~4份、五味子10~14份、胡黄连6~8份、姜黄素1~1.6份、胆汁酸5~7份、豆粕45~55份。
按重量百分比计,本发明的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料中粗蛋白含量≥51%,赖氨酸含量≥3.5%,蛋氨酸含量≥1.2%,能够满足成鱼期加州鲈(>100g)达到最快生长速度所需的蛋白质和氨基酸。
本发明饲料应用具有良好粘结能力的木薯淀粉作为淀粉源,从而降低了饲料中的淀粉含量,减轻成鱼期加州鲈肝脏的负荷;本饲料还能够提高成鱼期加州鲈鱼体对饲料脂肪的吸收与利用,降低肝脏脂肪沉积,同时起到保肝、修复肝脏的作用,预防肝胆疾病的发生;同时还可提升饲料的转化效率,提高成鱼期加州鲈的生长速度。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述饲料的制备方法包括:按重量份数称取各组分原料进行粉碎,将粉碎后的原料混合均匀,再经超微粉碎,最后将经过超微粉碎的原料制粒,即得。
本发明第二方面还提供如上所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料在加州鲈成鱼养殖阶段中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、科学搭配鱼粉、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉、磷虾粉、发酵豆粕、鸡肉骨粉等优质、来源稳定的蛋白源,保证饲料的粗蛋白含量≥51%,从而满足成鱼期加州鲈达到最快生长速度所需的蛋白质;
2、补充外源氨基酸,保证赖氨酸含量≥3.5%,蛋氨酸含量≥1.2%,从而满足成鱼期加州鲈达到最快生长速度所需的氨基酸;
3、采用木薯淀粉作为主要淀粉源,在起到良好粘结作用的同时降低饲料中淀粉的含量,减少成鱼期加州鲈肝脏的负荷;
4、通过添加保肝功能添加剂,提高鱼体对饲料脂肪的吸收与利用,降低肝脏脂肪沉积,同时起到保肝、修复肝脏的作用,预防肝胆疾病的发生;
5、与普通饲料相比,能够提高成鱼期加州鲈的生长速度,降低饵料系数,提高存活率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。在未作说明的情况下,本发明所采用的试剂、设备和方法均为本技术领域常规市购的试剂、设备和常规使用的方法。
实施例1
一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉34份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉7份、磷虾粉10份、发酵豆粕15份、鸡肉骨粉13.7份、木薯淀粉8份、鱼油3.5份、豆油3份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.6份、赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
制备方法如下:按重量份数称取各组分原料进行粉碎,将粉碎后的原料混合均匀,再经超微粉碎,最后通过饲料机将经过超微粉碎的原料制粒,即得。
本实施例制得的配合饲料的粗蛋白含量约为51.1%,粗脂肪含量约为12.1%,赖氨酸含量约为3.6%,蛋氨酸含量约为1.3%。
实施例2
一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉34份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉7份、磷虾粉11份、发酵豆粕15份、鸡肉骨粉12.7份、木薯淀粉8份、鱼油3.5份、豆油3份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.6份、赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
制备方法同实施例1,在此不赘述。
本实施例制得的配合饲料的粗蛋白含量约为51.3%,粗脂肪含量约为12.0%,赖氨酸含量约为3.6%,蛋氨酸含量约为1.4%。
实施例3
一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉35份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉7份、磷虾粉10份、发酵豆粕15份、鸡肉骨粉12.7份、木薯淀粉8份、鱼油3.5份、豆油3份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.6份、赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
制备方法同实施例1,在此不赘述。
本实施例制得的配合饲料的粗蛋白含量约为51.2%,粗脂肪含量约为12.0%,赖氨酸含量约为3.6%,蛋氨酸含量约为1.3%。
实施例4
一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉33份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉8份、磷虾粉10份、发酵豆粕16份、鸡肉骨粉14份、木薯淀粉8份、鱼油5份、豆油2份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.8份、赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
制备方法同实施例1,在此不赘述。
本实施例制得的配合饲料的粗蛋白含量约为50.8%,粗脂肪含量约为11.2%,赖氨酸含量约为3.5%,蛋氨酸含量约为1.2%。
实施例5
一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉36份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉6份、磷虾粉12份、发酵豆粕13份、鸡肉骨粉11份、木薯淀粉9份、鱼油3份、豆油4份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙2份、氯化胆碱0.5份、赖氨酸0.2份、蛋氨酸0.3份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
制备方法同实施例1,在此不赘述。
本实施例制得的配合饲料的粗蛋白含量约为51%,粗脂肪含量约为11.5%,赖氨酸含量约为3.6%,蛋氨酸含量约为1.2%。
试验例1
在池塘网箱(网箱规格1m×1m×1m)中进行养殖实验,选取已在网箱暂养7天的初始体重约为100g的加州鲈成鱼为实验对象,随机分为4个试验组,每个组设5个重复组,每个重复组各放养30尾加州鲈。试验组一投喂一种粗蛋白含量约为47%的商品加州鲈饲料,试验组二投喂一种粗蛋白含量约为49%的商品加州鲈饲料,试验组三投喂实施例1制得的配合饲料,试验组四投喂自制的粗蛋白含量约为53%的膨化配合饲料。在试验鱼进箱之前先测体长和体重。采用饱食投喂法,于每天7:00、11:00、17:00各投喂1餐饲料,各组每餐饲料的投喂量均相同。
在试验结束后(养殖周期为55天),将每个网箱中所有的鱼进行测量,统计末重、增重率、存活率和饲料系数指标。采用SSPS19.0统计软件进行数据分析,数据结果以平均值±标准误差的形式表示。结果先用单因素方差分析,如果符合方差齐性检验,再用Tukey法进行多重比较。如果方差不齐,用独立样本的T检验比较两组间是否有显著性差异。P<0.05时认为存在显著性差异。
试验结果与分析
每组加州鲈各项生长指标如下:
注:同列数值由不同字母表示显著差异(P<0.05)。
由以上结果可知,实施例1的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料在增重率、特定生长率与饲料系数上显著优于两种商品加州鲈饲料,即试验组一的粗蛋白含量为47%的商品加州鲈饲料和试验组二的粗蛋白含量为49%的商品加州鲈饲料。而试验组四饲料蛋白含量虽然高于试验组三,但在生长指标上没有显著的差别,说明实施例1的配合饲料已满足加州鲈对蛋白质的需求。
试验结果显示试验组三的存活率高于其它三组,肝体比也显著小于其它三组。解剖发现实验组三肝脏边缘清晰,颜色红润,而其它三组都发现不同程度的肝脏有花斑或肝脏异常肿大的现象。说明实施例1的配合饲料在添加补充保肝功能添加剂后,可以起到保肝、修复肝脏的作用,预防加州鲈肝胆疾病的发生。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳的具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,其特征在于,包括以下组分:鱼粉、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉、磷虾粉、发酵豆粕、鸡肉骨粉、木薯淀粉、鱼油、豆油、乙氧基喹啉、磷酸二氢钙、氯化胆碱、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、保肝功能添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,其特征在于,还包括预混料,所述预混料为加州鲈专用预混料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,其特征在于,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉33~36份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉6~8份、磷虾粉10~12份、发酵豆粕13~16份、鸡肉骨粉11~14份、木薯淀粉8~9份、鱼油3~5份、豆油2~4份、乙氧基喹啉0.1~0.3份、磷酸二氢钙1.5~2份、氯化胆碱0.5~0.8份、赖氨酸0.2~0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2~0.3份、保肝功能添加剂2~3份、加州鲈专用预混料2~3份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,其特征在于,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉34份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉7份、磷虾粉10份、发酵豆粕15份、鸡肉骨粉13.7份、木薯淀粉8份、鱼油3.5份、豆油3份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.6份、赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
5.根据权利要求3所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,其特征在于,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉34份、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉7份、磷虾粉11份、发酵豆粕15份、鸡肉骨粉12.7份、木薯淀粉8份、鱼油3.5份、豆油3份、乙氧基喹啉0.1份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.6份、赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、保肝功能添加剂0.5份、加州鲈专用预混料2.5份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,其特征在于,所述保肝功能添加剂包括以下组分:板蓝根、黄芩、黄柏、大黄、五味子、胡黄连、姜黄素、胆汁酸、豆粕。
7.根据权利要求6所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,其特征在于,所述保肝功能添加剂中各组分的重量份数如下:板蓝根12~16份、黄芩2~4份、黄柏2~4份、大黄2~4份、五味子10~14份、胡黄连6~8份、姜黄素1~1.6份、胆汁酸5~7份、豆粕45~55份。
8.根据权利要求3所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料,其特征在于,制备方法包括:按重量份数称取各组分原料进行粉碎,将粉碎后的原料混合均匀,再经超微粉碎,最后将经过超微粉碎的原料制粒,即得。
9.如权利要求1~8任一项所述的具有保肝功能的成鱼期加州鲈专用膨化配合饲料在加州鲈成鱼养殖阶段中的应用。
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