CN112703397A - 宠物中的癌的检查方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供宠物等非灵长类哺乳动物中的癌的检查方法。根据本发明,提供例如在非灵长类哺乳动物中对癌进行检查或诊断的方法,其包括评价线虫对该对象的尿样的趋性行为的步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供宠物中的癌的检查方法。
背景技术
已开发出各种能够简单且廉价地检测癌的方法。线虫对人的癌患者的尿显示出引诱行为,线虫对健康人的尿显示出回避行为,利用该原理,能够以线虫的趋性行为作为指标对人进行癌的诊断(参考专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:WO2015/088039
发明内容
本发明提供宠物中的癌的检查方法。
本发明人发现,在狗、猫和小鼠等宠物患有癌的情况下,线虫对该宠物的尿显示出趋性行为。本发明以这样的见解为基础。
即,根据本发明,提供以下的发明。
(1)一种在非灵长类哺乳动物中对癌进行检查或诊断的方法,其包括:评价线虫对该对象的尿样的趋性行为的步骤。
(2)如上述(1)所述的方法,其中,哺乳动物为选自犬科动物、猫科动物和啮齿类动物中的哺乳动物。
(3)如上述(1)或(2)所述的方法,其中,哺乳动物为狗。
(4)如上述(1)或(2)所述的方法,其中,哺乳动物为猫。
(5)如上述(1)或(2)所述的方法,其中,哺乳动物为啮齿类动物。
附图说明
图1示出线虫对患有癌的啮齿类或未患癌的啮齿类(健康)的尿的趋性行为。一个柱状图对应于各个体。
图2示出线虫对患有癌的狗或未患癌的狗(健康)的尿的趋性行为。一个柱状图对应于各个体。
图3示出线虫对患有癌的猫或未患癌的猫(健康)的尿的趋性行为。一个柱状图对应于各个体。
具体实施方式
本说明书中,“对象”是指非人哺乳动物,例如为非灵长类哺乳动物。另外,本说明书中,“对象”以包括健康对象、疑似患癌的对象和罹患癌的对象的含义来使用。本说明书中,“疑似患癌的对象”除了包括明确地怀疑为患癌的对象以外,还包括未具体地怀疑为患癌的对象。
本说明书中,“癌”是指恶性肿瘤。癌可以大致分类为造血系统肿瘤、上皮癌(Carcinoma)和非上皮性肉瘤(Sarcoma)。作为造血系统肿瘤,可以列举白血病、恶性淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤等。作为上皮癌,可以列举肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、大肠癌、肝癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌、头颈癌和舌癌。作为肉瘤,可以列举骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤和血管肉瘤。
本说明书中,“对癌进行检测”也可以称为“对癌细胞进行检测”、“对癌进行鉴定”、“对癌进行判定”、“用于辅助癌的诊断的方法”、“获得用于癌的诊断的预备信息的方法”等。本发明的方法是能够在产业上利用的方法。
本说明书中,“线虫”是指秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)。关于线虫,在美国明尼苏达大学生物科学部的线虫遗传学中心(CGC)登记并公开了从各种环境中分离得到的株,可分开出售。因此,本领域技术人员可以从CGC获得已知的大部分株。从能够通过自体受精进行繁殖的观点出发,可以优选使用雌雄同体。
本说明书中,“趋性行为”是指引诱行为或回避行为。引诱行为是指缩小与某种物质的物理距离的行为,回避行为是指扩大与某种物质的物理距离的行为。将诱发引诱行为的物质称为引诱物质,将诱发回避行为的物质称为回避物质。线虫具有通过嗅觉被引诱物质引诱、并避开回避物质的性质。将被引诱物质引诱的行为称为引诱行为(本说明书中有时称为“阳性”),将避开回避物质的行为称为回避行为(本说明书中有时称为“阴性”)。另外,将引诱行为和回避行为合称为趋性行为。
本说明书中,“野生株”为线虫的野生株,例如可以列举作为一般的野生株的N2Bristol株。
根据本发明,提供在患有癌或疑似患癌的对象中对癌进行检测的方法(或进行预测的方法、或进行诊断的方法、或者获得治疗效果的基础信息的方法),其包括评价线虫对上述对象的尿样的趋性行为的步骤。
作为对象,优选为非人哺乳动物或非人灵长类,优选列举啮齿类(例如小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、毛丝鼠、兔、豚鼠、小家鼠、草原犬鼠、鼯鼠和松鼠)、犬科动物(例如狗、狐狸、貉和耳廓狐)和猫科动物(例如猫、家猫和野猫),可在本发明中作为对象使用。
作为线虫,可以使用野生型线虫(例如N2 Bristol株)。由于线虫株对癌患者的尿显示出引诱行为,因此,这种对癌患者的尿显示出引诱行为的线虫可以在本发明中作为线虫使用。
尿样可由对象获得。尿样在利用本发明的方法进行评价时可以用水等溶剂进行稀释。进行稀释的情况下,例如可以为5倍至20000倍的稀释倍率,例如可以为10倍至10000倍的稀释倍率,例如可以为10倍至5000倍的稀释倍率,可以为10倍至2000倍的稀释倍率,例如可以为100倍至1000倍的稀释倍率,线虫对稀释后的尿样也显示出趋性行为。在本发明的某一方式中,尿的稀释倍率例如可以设定为100倍或1000倍,或者可以设定为包含100倍和1000倍的2个以上的稀释倍率。例如,狗的尿样的稀释倍率可以为10倍至2000倍的稀释倍率、例如100倍至1000倍的稀释倍率。例如,猫的尿样的稀释倍率可以为5倍至20000倍的稀释倍率,可以为10倍至10000倍的稀释倍率、例如500倍至5000倍的稀释倍率。
线虫的趋性行为的评价可以如下实施:将尿样和线虫分别配置于相隔一定距离(例如约1cm~约5cm左右的距离)的位置,观察线虫对尿样是显示引诱行为、还是显示回避行为。趋性行为的观察例如可以在琼脂培养基等固体培养基上进行。
使用线虫的尿的分析方法
使用线虫的尿的分析方法可以如下进行:将由对象获得的被测试样(例如尿)与线虫相隔一定距离而配置,观察线虫对被测试样是显示引诱行为、还是显示回避行为。然后,在显示出引诱行为的情况下,可以评价为对象罹患癌、或者具有该可能性。另外,在显示出回避行为的情况下,可以评价为对象未患癌、或者具有该可能性。使用人的样本的分析方法的示例如WO2015/088039中所公开,该WO2015/088039的全部内容通过引用并入本说明书中。
更详细而言,使用线虫的尿的分析方法例如可以包括:
在培养皿(例如导入有固体培养基的培养皿)中配置由对象获得的被测试样(例如尿样);
在配置有被测试样的培养皿中,在与被测试样相隔一定距离的位置配置线虫;
配置后,使线虫产生行为。
使用线虫的尿的分析方法例如可以包括:在线虫对被测试样显示出趋性行为的情况下,确定为对象罹患癌、或者具有罹患癌的可能性。
线虫的趋性行为可以通过靠近被测试样的线虫数与远离被测试样的线虫数的差或比来进行评价。在基于线虫数的差进行评价的情况下,在差为正值时,整体上被测试样诱发引诱行为,可以评价为来自于癌患者的试样,并且/或者,在差为负值时,整体上被测试样诱发回避行为,可以评价为来自于未患癌的对象的试样。另外,在基于线虫数的比进行评价的情况下,在比为1以上时,被测试样诱发引诱行为,可以评价为来自于癌的对象的试样,并且/或者,在比小于1时,被测试样诱发回避行为,可以评价为来自于未患癌的对象的试样。另外,线虫的趋性行为可以例如如下所述以趋性指数作为指标来进行评价。
{式中,A为对被测试样显示出引诱行为的线虫的数量,B为对被测试样显示出回避行为的线虫的数量。}
在趋性指数为正值的情况下,整体上被测试样诱发引诱行为,可以评价为来自于患有癌的对象的试样,在趋性指数为负值的情况下,整体上被测试样诱发回避行为,可以评价为来自于未患癌的对象的试样。
趋性指数越接近于1,意味着线虫显示引诱行为的比率越大,越接近于-1,意味着线虫显示回避行为的比率越大,越接近于0,意味着线虫既不显示引诱行为也不显示回避行为。趋性指数的绝对值越大,行为评价结果越明确。在显示趋性行为的线虫和显示回避行为的线虫为相同程度的情况下,可以作为阳性(在作为阳性的情况下,可以进一步实施精密检查),也可以从评价对象中排除。本发明中,可以对呈阳性的尿样的来源个体进一步实施精密检查来确定该个体是否患有癌。
在对不同的两个以上的稀释倍率的尿进行检查的情况下,从提高灵敏度的观点出发,可以在任意一者呈阳性的情况下确定为癌,从提高特异度的观点出发,可以在均呈阳性的情况下确定为癌。
通过本发明的方法被评价为患有癌的对象之后可以接受癌的治疗(例如化学疗法、放射线疗法和外科切除、以及它们的组合等)。通过本发明的方法被评价为患有癌的对象可以进一步接受精密检查而进行癌的确诊。
实施例
实施例1:使用啮齿类的尿的癌检查
本实施例中,评价线虫对啮齿类的尿样的趋性行为。
作为啮齿类,使用小鼠。从健康小鼠和患有癌的小鼠回收尿样。作为健康小鼠,使用未发生具有c-Met缺失的癌的小鼠(C57Bl/6系统),作为患有癌的小鼠,使用具有KrasG12D突变的小鼠(参考Noguchi K.et al.,Oncology Letters,16:1892-1898,2018)。将尿样稀释至100倍,利用WO2015/088039中记载的方法评价线虫对尿样的趋性行为。作为线虫,使用野生型线虫(Bristol N2株)。趋性行为使用趋性指数来进行评价。重复进行12次测定(以下同样),求出每个个体的趋性指数的平均值。对尿样的趋性行为的结果如图1所示。
{式中,A为对被测试样显示出引诱行为的线虫的数量,B为对被测试样显示出回避行为的线虫的数量。}
如图1所示,对于健康小鼠的尿样,几乎在所有例中趋性指数为负或为0.05以下,与此相对,对于患有癌的小鼠的尿,对3个系统的尿的趋性指数大于0.05。由此表明,通过评价线虫对尿样的趋性行为,能够对患有癌的小鼠进行评价。需要说明的是,PK-60+98的尿样在以1000倍稀释使用的情况下,线虫对尿样显示出引诱行为(此时,趋性指数为约0.15)。另外,在1000倍稀释的情况下也对3个患有癌的小鼠的尿样显示出引诱行为。如此表明,在100倍稀释和1000倍稀释的任意一种情况下,线虫对癌模型小鼠的尿均显示出引诱行为。若将趋性指数为正的情况评价为阳性、将趋性指数为负的情况评价为阴性,则在100倍稀释的情况下,灵敏度为28.6%、特异度为100%,在1000倍稀释的情况下,灵敏度为42.8%、特异度为83.3%。如此表明,通过评价线虫对啮齿类的尿的趋性行为,能够评价癌的有无。
另外,若将100倍稀释和1000倍稀释中的任意一种情况下趋性指数为正的情况评价为阳性、将100倍稀释和1000倍稀释的情况下趋性指数均为负的情况评价为阴性,则灵敏度为71.4%(7只中的5只)、特异度为83.3%(12只中的10只)。由该结果表明,以线虫的趋性行为作为指标的癌的检查对作为啮齿类的小鼠有效。
接着,从健康的狗和患有癌的狗分别回收尿样,与实施例1同样地使用稀释1000倍的尿评价线虫的趋性行为。
作为狗,使用健康的吉娃娃、健康的杰克罗素梗、患有血管肉瘤的金毛寻回犬和患有肝肿瘤的苏格兰梗。结果如图2所示。如图2所示,对健康狗的尿的趋性指数为负,与此相对,对患有癌的狗的尿的趋性指数为正。对于狗,灵敏度和特异度均为100%。由该结果表明,以线虫的趋性行为作为指标的癌的检查对狗有效。
进一步,从健康的猫和患有癌的猫分别回收尿样,使用1000倍稀释的尿评价线虫的趋性行为。
作为猫,使用健康的异国短毛猫(2只)、健康的Mix、患有肺肿瘤的美国短毛猫、患有乳腺肿瘤的Mix、患有鼻腔内腺癌的Mix和患有淋巴瘤的波斯猫。结果如图3所示。如图3所示,对健康猫的尿的趋性指数明显低于对患有癌的猫的尿的趋性指数。若将趋性指数为正的情况评价为阳性、将趋性指数为负的情况评价为阴性,则灵敏度为100%(4只中的4只)、特异度为66.7%(3只中的2只)。由该结果表明,以线虫的趋性行为作为指标的癌的检查对猫有效。
由上述结果表明,以线虫的趋性行为作为指标的癌的检查对狗和猫、以及作为啮齿类的小鼠有效。这样,在宠物中,通过以线虫的趋性行为作为指标的尿检查能够廉价且迅速地对癌进行诊断。
对于狗和猫的上述尿样,改变尿的稀释倍率同样地检测线虫的趋性行为。在狗中,至少在10倍稀释至1000倍稀释的情况下来自患有肝肿瘤和血管肉瘤的狗的尿样显示出正趋性指数。另外,在猫中,也至少在10倍稀释至10000倍稀释的情况下来自患有肿瘤的猫的尿样显示出正趋性指数。
Claims (5)
1.一种在非灵长类哺乳动物中对癌进行检查或诊断的方法,其包括:评价线虫对该对象的尿样的趋性行为的步骤。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,哺乳动物为选自犬科动物、猫科动物和啮齿类动物中的哺乳动物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,哺乳动物为狗。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,哺乳动物为猫。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,哺乳动物为啮齿类动物。
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