CN112694906B - Shale oil refining and processing equipment and refining and processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a shale oil refining and processing device and a refining and processing method, belonging to the technical field of oil production from oil shale, wherein the shale oil refining and processing device comprises: the horizontal pyrolysis device, the gas collection tower, the oil-gas purification unit and the oil-gas separation device; the horizontal pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal heating kiln, a pyrolysis chamber is limited in the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a heating chamber is limited in the horizontal heating kiln, a collecting chamber is arranged in the gas collecting tower, the upper end of the collecting chamber is an air exhaust opening communicated with the oil gas purification unit, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln further comprises a pyrolysis slag treatment device, the pyrolysis slag treatment device comprises a horizontal calcination rotary kiln, a calcination shale slag collecting device and a calcination shale slag treatment device, and the calcination shale slag treatment device comprises a powder grinding station. The embodiment of the invention can be applied to products such as oil shale processing equipment, shale oil extraction equipment and the like.

Description

Shale oil refining and processing equipment and refining and processing method

[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

The invention relates to the technical field of oil preparation from oil shale, in particular to shale oil refining and processing equipment and a refining and processing method.

[ background of the invention ]

Oil shale is an oil-bearing ore and is widely distributed in the world. A plurality of provinces in China are distributed, and the reserves are considerable. The total oil-bearing reserves of oil shale are a disposable natural energy source greater than natural petroleum. When the existing oil shale processing equipment is used for processing oil shale, all shale oil in the oil shale is difficult to extract, and more resource waste can be caused. Pyrolysis slag generated after pyrolysis cannot be utilized, resource waste can be caused, and a large amount of impurities contained in oil gas also increase the utilization difficulty.

[ summary of the invention ]

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide shale oil refining and processing equipment, so that the oil yield is improved, and the utilization rate of oil shale is improved.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

shale oil refining and processing apparatus comprising: the horizontal pyrolysis device is used for pyrolyzing the oil shale; the gas collecting tower is used for collecting oil gas generated after the oil shale is pyrolyzed; the oil gas purification unit is used for eliminating impurities in oil gas; the oil-gas separation device is used for separating oil-gas mixture; the horizontal type pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal type heating kiln arranged at the periphery of the horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln, a pyrolysis chamber is limited in the horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln, a heating chamber is limited in the horizontal type heating kiln, a collecting chamber used for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag is arranged in the gas collecting tower, the upper end of the collecting chamber is an air exhaust opening communicated with the oil gas purification unit, the shale oil refining and processing equipment further comprises a pyrolysis slag processing device, the pyrolysis slag processing device comprises a horizontal type calcination rotary kiln used for firing pyrolysis slag, a calcination shale slag collecting device used for collecting the calcination shale slag and a calcination shale slag processing device used for processing the calcination shale slag, the calcination shale slag processing device comprises a powder grinding station, and the pyrolysis slag and impurities filtered out in the oil gas purification unit pass through the powder grinding station to be made into building materials.

The invention provides a shale oil refining and processing device, wherein a horizontal pyrolysis device is used for pyrolyzing oil shale to extract shale oil and fuel gas, the oil shale is placed into a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln for heating pyrolysis, and the oil shale can move along the inner wall of a pyrolysis chamber to be fully heated, so that oil gas in the oil shale can be completely extracted, the ore utilization rate is extremely high, the output of shale oil and fuel gas is improved, and different from the prior art, the horizontal pyrolysis device only pyrolyzes the oil shale, and does not use overhigh temperature to process pyrolysis slag in the pyrolysis chamber;

pyrolysis sediment and oil gas can enter into the gas collecting tower in, oil gas enters into in the oil gas purification unit from the extraction opening and handles, purify the edulcoration to oil gas, oil gas passes through oil gas separator's separation, become gaseous and oil water mixture, the flour mill station can handle and calcine the shale sediment and will calcine the shale sediment and grind into building gelled material, the utilization ratio of oil shale has been improved, the impurity of crossing off in the oil gas purification unit has contained and has calcined shale sediment dust, with calcine the shale sediment processing of standing through the flour mill after mixing, the economic benefits that the oil shale produced has further been improved.

Furthermore, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is matched with the horizontal heating kiln in a rotating mode, and a plurality of burners and a plurality of gas inlets are arranged on the horizontal heating kiln at intervals along the length direction. There is relative rotation between horizontal heating kiln and the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, it is even to enable horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to be heated, the difference in temperature can not appear in all oil shales in the pyrolysis chamber, it is even to be heated, can be carried oil gas by better heating, be equipped with a plurality of gas entries on the horizontal heating kiln, the combustor is used for lighting the gas that enters into in the gas entry, can make the different positions in the heating chamber all have the gas combustion to the pyrolysis chamber heating, can make the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber keep even, oil shale can be better be heated and draw shale oil.

Furthermore, the two ends of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln are provided with a riding wheel set which is in running fit with the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, the middle part of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is provided with a first driving device which controls the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate, and a first material guide plate which is distributed along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber in a vortex shape is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber. Horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln can be supported to the riding wheel group of horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln both sides, first drive arrangement only is responsible for driving horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and rotates, the pressure that receives is little, the load is little, long service life, the first stock guide of vortex form distribution can guide oil shale to remove, make oil shale turn over in the pyrolysis chamber to fry the roll, and carry out spacingly to oil shale, enable oil shale and remove along the pyrolysis chamber inner wall gradually, the terminal condition of oil shale stagnation scab or direct arrival pyrolysis chamber can not appear, in order to guarantee to extract the oil gas in the oil shale completely.

Further, oil gas separation device divides oil gas into oil water mixture and gas, shale oil refines and processing apparatus still includes the defroster that is used for handling gas and the settling separation jar of handling oil water mixture. The oil-water mixture is treated by a settling separation tank to obtain finished shale oil and precipitates, and a demister is used for treating gas and separating the gas into fuel gas and water and small-particle oil shale which are mixed in the fuel gas.

Furthermore, a calcining chamber is defined in the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, one end of the calcining chamber is a pyrolysis slag inlet, the other end of the calcining chamber is a calcined shale slag outlet, and the pyrolysis slag inlet is higher than the calcined shale slag outlet. Thus, the pyrolysis slag can be conveniently moved, and the condition that the pyrolysis slag is accumulated at the inlet position of the calcining chamber can not occur.

Furthermore, two ends of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln are provided with supporting devices which are in running fit with the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, the middle part of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln is provided with a second driving device which controls the horizontal calcining rotary kiln to rotate, and the inner wall of the calcining chamber is provided with a second material guide plate which is distributed along the inner wall of the calcining chamber in a vortex shape. Through strutting arrangement, can prevent that the kiln body from warping, reduce horizontal calcining rotary kiln to second drive arrangement's pressure, thereby can not influence the rotation because of the weight of itself, second drive arrangement can control horizontal calcining rotary kiln and rotate, make it be heated evenly, pyrolysis sediment in the calcining chamber can fully contact with the gas, get rid of harmful organic substance, the second stock guide that the vortex shape distributes can guide pyrolysis sediment to remove, make pyrolysis sediment turn over in the calcining chamber to fry the roll, and carry on spacingly to pyrolysis sediment, it moves gradually along the calcining chamber to enable pyrolysis sediment, can rotate the in-process at horizontal calcining rotary kiln and make pyrolysis sediment and the interior high temperature gas contact of calcining chamber abundant, pyrolysis sediment stagnation can not appear or directly reach the terminal condition of calcining chamber, in order to guarantee that pyrolysis sediment can be fully calcined and form and calcine the shale sediment.

Furthermore, inject the collection sediment chamber that is used for collecting the calcination shale sediment in the calcination shale sediment collection device, collection sediment chamber diapire is equipped with row's cinder notch, row's cinder notch department is equipped with row's sediment gate. The calcined shale slag in the slag collection cavity can be accumulated on the slag discharge gate and blocked by the slag discharge gate so as not to be moved out of the slag discharge port, the temperature leakage in the calcining chamber can be reduced when the slag discharge gate is closed, in addition, the temperature reduction speed of the calcined shale slag can be slowed down, and the heat loss is reduced.

Furthermore, the pulverizing mill station with calcine the transportation unit between the shale sediment collection device, arrange the cinder notch with the transportation unit corresponds the setting. The transfer unit is used for transferring the calcined shale slag to the pulverizing station, and the calcined shale slag discharge hole can directly drop out of the slag collecting cavity and then be cooled and conveyed on the transfer unit.

The shale oil refining and processing method comprises the shale oil refining and processing equipment, and the method comprises the following steps:

s10, introducing fuel gas into the heating chamber to start combustion to improve the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber, allowing the oil shale to enter the pyrolysis chamber to be pyrolyzed, moving the oil shale along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber and gradually heating the oil shale under the action of a first driving device, and fully pyrolyzing the oil shale in the moving process;

s20, allowing pyrolysis slag and oil gas to enter a gas collecting tower, allowing the oil gas to enter an oil gas purification unit for dedusting to obtain dry materials, allowing the pyrolysis slag to enter a calcining chamber for calcining, allowing the pyrolysis slag to roll and move along the inner wall of the calcining chamber under the action of a second driving device and be fully fired, and decomposing and reconstructing mineral substances contained in the pyrolysis slag to obtain active and gelatinous calcined shale slag;

s30, the oil gas after dust removal enters an oil-gas separation device for further processing, calcined shale slag enters a slag collecting cavity, and after a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, a slag discharging gate is opened to discharge the calcined shale slag;

s40, the calcined shale slag falls onto a transfer unit and is conveyed into a powder grinding station by the transfer unit, dry materials in the oil-gas purification unit and the calcined shale slag are conveyed into the powder grinding station together, and the calcined shale slag and the dry materials are ground by the powder grinding station to form building materials;

s50, separating the oil gas into an oil-water mixture and gas through an oil-gas separation device, treating the gas through a demister to obtain fuel gas, and treating the oil-water mixture through a settling separation tank to obtain shale oil.

These features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in more detail in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

[ description of the drawings ]

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a shale oil refining and processing facility in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal pyrolysis apparatus and a horizontal calcining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view at B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal rotary calcining kiln according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a horizontal calcining rotary kiln in the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

the device comprises a horizontal pyrolysis device 100, a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110, a pyrolysis chamber 111, a first material guide plate 1111, a raw material inlet 112, a residual material outlet 113, a horizontal heating kiln 120, a heating chamber 121, a hot air guide plate 1211, a gas inlet 122, a burner 1221, a valve assembly 123, a tail gas discharge port 124, a first driving device 130 and a riding wheel group 140;

the gas collecting tower 200, the collecting chamber 210, the extraction opening 220, the induced draft fan 230 and the slag discharge gate 240;

the system comprises an oil-gas purification unit 300, an oil-gas separation device 310, a settling separation tank 311, a demister 312, a desulfurizing tower 320, a first fuel gas pipeline 330 and a second fuel gas pipeline 340;

a drying preheating device 400, a drying preheating chamber 410, a preheating gate 420 and a screw feeder 430;

the horizontal calcining device 500, the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510, the calcining chamber 520, the second material guide plate 521, the pyrolysis slag inlet 530, the calcined shale slag outlet 540, the second driving device 550, the supporting device 560, the gas pipe 570 and the gas exhaust pipe 580;

the device comprises a calcined shale slag collecting device 600, a slag collecting cavity 610, a slag discharge port 620 and a slag discharge gate 630;

the device comprises a calcined shale slag processing device 700, a pulverizing station 710, a transfer unit 720, a conveyer 721 and a cooling device 722.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are explained and illustrated below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments described below are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. "beneath," "under" and "beneath" a first feature includes the first feature being directly beneath and obliquely beneath the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shale oil refining and processing apparatus, including: a horizontal pyrolysis apparatus 100 for pyrolyzing the oil shale; the gas collecting tower 200 is used for collecting oil gas generated after the pyrolysis of the oil shale; the oil gas purification unit 300 is used for eliminating impurities in oil gas; and the oil-gas separation device 310 is used for separating oil-gas mixture.

The horizontal pyrolysis device 100 comprises a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110 and a horizontal heating kiln 120 arranged on the periphery of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110, a drying preheating device 400 is further arranged at the front end of the horizontal pyrolysis device 100, the drying preheating device 400 is provided with a drying preheating chamber 410, a pyrolysis chamber 111 communicated with the drying preheating chamber 410 is defined in the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110, and a heating chamber 121 is defined in the horizontal heating kiln 120. The gas burner is installed to horizontal pyrolysis device feed end, and the combustor improves pyrolysis chamber feed inlet temperature, can also blow off the granule oil shale that the stoving preheating chamber got into the pyrolysis chamber.

The horizontal calcining device 500 is further included, and the horizontal calcining device 500 comprises a horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510, wherein a calcining chamber 520 is defined in the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510.

Horizontal pyrolysis device 100 is used for pyrolysis oil shale, draw shale oil and gas, oil shale's pyrolysis temperature is at 400 ℃ -600 ℃, under this temperature, enable the abundant pyrolysis of oil shale, and can not influence the pyrolysis effect because of too high temperature, oil shale is put into horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110 and is heated the pyrolysis, oil shale can remove and obtain the intensive heating along pyrolysis chamber 111 inner wall, thereby can extract the oil gas in the oil shale completely, ore utilization is rateed highly, the output of shale oil and gas has been improved, the gas is not directly let in the pyrolysis chamber 111 and is burnt, thereby the condition of explosion can not appear.

In the above, the pyrolysis refers to a reaction process in which a substance is heated to be decomposed, the pyrolysis includes several reactions, preferably, in the present invention, dry distillation is actually performed, the dry distillation is a reaction process in which a solid or an organic substance is heated and decomposed under the condition of isolating air, and various gases, vapors and solid residues are generated.

The both ends of pyrolysis chamber 111 are raw materials entry 112 and clout export 113 respectively, and in oil shale entered into pyrolysis chamber 111 from raw materials entry 112, the oil shale of accomplishing the pyrolysis became the pyrolysis sediment and discharges from clout export 113, and raw materials entry 112 highly is higher than clout export 113's height, can make things convenient for oil shale's removal, the condition that oil shale piles up in pyrolysis chamber 111 entry position department can not appear.

The horizontal calcining device 500 is used for treating the pyrolyzed oil shale, the calcining chamber 520 is used for calcining the pyrolysis slag, fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber 520 and fully contacts with the pyrolysis slag, mineral substances contained in the pyrolysis slag are fully decomposed and reconstructed to form pollution-free calcined shale slag, the discharged tail gas is also clean gas, the temperature for burning the pyrolysis slag is 800-1500 ℃, and the pyrolysis slag can be fully decomposed and reconstructed at the temperature.

The calcining chamber 520 has one end with a pyrolysis residue inlet 530 and the other end with a calcined shale residue outlet 540, and the pyrolysis residue inlet 530 is higher than the calcined shale residue outlet 540, so that the pyrolysis residue can be conveniently moved without the occurrence of the condition that the pyrolysis residue is accumulated at the position of the pyrolysis residue inlet 530.

The pyrolysis part and the calcination part of the oil shale are performed in two different devices, the horizontal pyrolysis device 100 is used for pyrolyzing the oil shale, and the horizontal calcination device 500 is used for calcining the pyrolysis slag, so that the oil shale can be sufficiently heated, and the pyrolysis slag is not in the pyrolysis chamber 111, and the influence of oil gas does not need to be considered.

The gas collecting tower 200 is located between the horizontal pyrolysis device 100 and the horizontal calcining device 500, the gas collecting tower 200 is internally provided with a collecting chamber 210 for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag, the collecting chamber 210 is respectively communicated with the pyrolysis chamber 111 and the calcining chamber 520, the upper end of the collecting chamber 210 is provided with an air pumping hole 220, the air pumping hole 220 is provided with an induced draft fan 230 so as to enable the pyrolysis chamber 111 to keep a negative pressure environment, oxygen is prevented from entering the pyrolysis chamber 111 from the air pumping hole 220, therefore, the explosion situation can not occur, and the production process is safe.

The preheated oil shale can directly enter the pyrolysis chamber 111, heat loss of the oil shale in the transfer process is reduced, oxygen entering the pyrolysis chamber 111 is reduced, the residue outlet 113 is connected with the collection chamber 210, oxygen entering the pyrolysis chamber 111 from the residue outlet 113 in the process of sending out pyrolysis slag and oil gas can be reduced, the pyrolysis slag can directly enter the calcining chamber 520 from the collection chamber 210, and heat loss of the pyrolysis slag is reduced.

The shale oil refining and processing equipment further comprises a desulfurizing tower 320, fuel gas separated by the oil-gas separation device 310 enters the desulfurizing tower 320 through a gas pipeline, a first fuel gas pipeline 330 is arranged between the desulfurizing tower 320 and the heating chamber 121, part of the fuel gas processed by the desulfurizing tower 320 enters the heating chamber 121 through the first fuel gas pipeline 330, a second fuel gas pipeline 340 is arranged between the calcining chamber 520 and the desulfurizing tower 320, part of the fuel gas processed by the desulfurizing tower 320 enters the calcining chamber 520 through the second fuel gas pipeline 340, and the other part of the fuel gas is sent to a fuel gas storage device.

Pyrolysis residue and oil gas can enter the gas collecting tower 200, the oil gas enters the oil gas purification unit 300 from the pumping hole to be treated, the oil gas is purified and purified, the oil gas is separated by the oil gas separation device 310 to form an oil-water mixture and gas, the shale oil refining and treatment equipment further comprises a settling separation tank 311 and a demister 312, the oil-water mixture is treated by the settling separation tank 311 to obtain finished shale oil and oil sludge, the gas is treated by the demister 312 to separate water mist floating in the gas and shale oil particles and feed the separated water mist into the settling separation tank 311, after the gas is treated by the desulfurizing tower 320, part of the gas is fed into the heating chamber 121 through the first gas pipeline 330 to be combusted, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110 is heated to carry out pyrolysis treatment on the oil shale, part of the gas is fed into the calcining chamber 520 through the second gas pipeline 340 to be combusted, the gas required by burning the pyrolysis residue for the horizontal calcining device 500, the equipment can be extracted from the shale oil after providing additional energy sources for initial operation, no additional energy sources are needed, and the production cost can be saved.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, based on the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of gas inlets 122 and a plurality of burners 1221 are spaced along a length direction of the horizontal heating kiln 120, the gas inlets 122 can simultaneously introduce gas, and the burners 1221 are used for igniting the gas introduced into the gas inlets 122, so that the gas is combusted at different positions in the heating chamber 121 to heat the pyrolysis chamber 111, the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 111 can be kept uniform, and the oil shale can be better heated to extract shale oil.

In order to facilitate the temperature control, a plurality of gas inlets 122 are provided with valve assemblies 123 for controlling the gas flow, and the valve assemblies 123 can independently control the gas flow entering the heating chamber 121 from each gas inlet, so as to facilitate the temperature control of the pyrolysis chamber 111.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, in order to enable the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln to be heated uniformly, in another embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln 110 is rotatably engaged with the horizontal type heating kiln 120, the gas in the horizontal type heating kiln 120 is combusted to generate heat, the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln 110 rotates to absorb the heat generated in the heating chamber 121, the horizontal type heating kiln 120 does not rotate, so that the process of introducing the gas into the heating chamber 121 is not affected, the oil shale is continuously changed in position along with the rotation of the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln 110, the oil shale is heated more uniformly, and the oil gas can be heated and extracted better, and the inner wall of the heating chamber 121 is provided with a plurality of hot air guide plates 1211 distributed along a spiral shape, and the combustion gas generated by the gas can be guided to heat the pyrolysis chamber 111 around the entire circumference of the outer wall of the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln 110.

The number of the horizontal heating kilns 120 is two, the two horizontal heating kilns are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle area of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110, a first driving device 130 for controlling the rotation of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110 is arranged between the two horizontal heating kilns 120 in the middle of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110, the two ends of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110 are provided with riding wheel sets 140 in running fit with the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110, the riding wheel sets 140 can support the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110 and keep the rotation guide and balance of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110, the first driving device 130 is only responsible for driving the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110 to rotate, the pressure received is small, the load is small, and the service life is long.

In order to facilitate the movement of the oil shale, the oil shale is prevented from directly moving from the raw material inlet 112 to the residue outlet 113, a first guide plate 1111 is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 111, the first guide plate 1111 can guide the oil shale to move and limit the oil shale, the oil shale can gradually move along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 111, and the situation that the oil shale stagnates or directly reaches the tail end of the pyrolysis chamber 111 cannot occur.

The first material guide plates 1111 are distributed along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 111 in a vortex shape, and the first material guide plates 1111 distributed in the vortex shape can better control the movement of the oil shale, so that the oil shale is stir-fried in the pyrolysis chamber 111, rolls and is heated uniformly, and the oil shale can be fully contacted with the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 111 in the rotation process of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 110, so as to ensure that oil gas in the oil shale is completely extracted.

Referring to fig. 2, 6 and 7, on the basis of the above embodiments, in order to uniformly heat the pyrolysis slag in the horizontal rotary kiln, in another embodiment of the present invention, a second driving device 550 is disposed at the bottom of the horizontal rotary kiln 510 for controlling the horizontal rotary kiln 510 to rotate, the second driving device 550 can control the horizontal rotary kiln 510 to rotate, so that the horizontal rotary kiln 510 is uniformly heated, and the pyrolysis slag in the calcining chamber 520 can be sufficiently contacted with the gas, so as to remove harmful organic substances, decompose and reconstruct minerals.

The second driving means 550 is not enough to support the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510, the supporting means 560 is further provided at both ends of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510, the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510 is rotatably fitted with the supporting means 560, and the deformation of the kiln body can be avoided by the supporting means 560, and the pressure of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510 to the second driving means 550 is reduced, so that the rotation is not affected by the weight thereof.

In order to facilitate the movement of the pyrolysis slag, the pyrolysis slag is prevented from directly moving from the pyrolysis slag inlet 530 to the calcined shale slag outlet 540, the inner wall of the calcining chamber 520 is provided with the second guide plate 521 which is distributed along the inner wall of the calcining chamber 520 in a vortex shape, the second guide plate 521 distributed along the vortex shape can guide the pyrolysis slag to move and limit the pyrolysis slag, the pyrolysis slag can gradually move along the inner wall of the calcining chamber 520, the pyrolysis slag can be fully contacted with high-temperature fuel gas in the calcining chamber 520 in the rotating process of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510, and the situation that the pyrolysis slag stagnates or directly reaches the tail end of the calcining chamber 520 cannot occur, so that the pyrolysis slag can be fully fired to form the calcined shale slag.

As the calcination continues, the pyrolysis slag is gradually sintered at a high temperature, and at this time, the second guide plate 521 cannot continue to play a role of guiding the flow, but may influence the movement of the pyrolysis slag in the calcination chamber 520, and for this reason, the second guide plate 521 is only distributed on the inner wall of the front half of the calcination chamber 520.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 6, in order to improve the utilization rate of energy, in another embodiment of the present invention, a tail gas discharge port 124 is further disposed on the horizontal heating kiln 120, and the tail gas discharge port 124 is communicated with the drying and preheating chamber 410, so that high-temperature tail gas generated in the heating chamber 121 can be introduced into the drying and preheating chamber 410, thereby improving the temperature, enhancing the preheating effect, ensuring that the oil shale can be sufficiently heated, the heat of fuel gas can be sufficiently utilized, and reducing the waste of energy; the upper end of the drying and preheating chamber 410 is an inlet, the lower end of the drying and preheating chamber 410 is communicated with the raw material inlet 112, so that preheated oil shale enters the pyrolysis chamber 111, the oil shale enters the drying and preheating chamber 410 from the upper end of the drying and preheating chamber 410, and is heated by tail gas generated by combustion and the temperature generated by a preheating cavity in the downward falling process, and meanwhile, the tail gas can blow away the bonded oil shale, so that the oil shale is preheated and pyrolyzed.

The horizontal calcining device 500 further comprises a gas pipe 570 for introducing gas into the calcining chamber 520 and an exhaust pipe 580 for exhausting calcining tail gas, wherein the exhaust pipe 580 is communicated with the heating chamber 121 and the drying and preheating chamber 410 to heat the heating chamber 121, and redundant tail gas and tail gas exhausted from the heating chamber 121 heat the drying and preheating chamber 410 together.

Referring to fig. 3, based on the above embodiment, in order to maintain the anaerobic environment of the pyrolysis chamber and reduce the oxygen brought into the pyrolysis chamber in the process that the oil shale enters the pyrolysis chamber, in another embodiment of the present invention, a preheating gate 420 for controlling the oil shale to fall is disposed at the bottom of the drying preheating chamber 410, a screw feeder 430 is disposed between the drying preheating device 400 and the horizontal pyrolysis device 400, the preheating gate 420 is opened to allow the oil shale to reach the screw feeder 430, the oil shale is fed into the pyrolysis chamber 111 through the screw feeder 430, the oxygen brought into the drying preheating chamber 410 by the oil shale is reduced, a plurality of slag discharging gates 240 for controlling the pyrolysis slag to fall are disposed in the collection chamber 210, the opening and closing of each slag discharging gate 240 are separately controlled, so as to prevent the high-temperature gas in the calcination chamber 520 from entering the pyrolysis chamber 111 when the pyrolysis slag enters the horizontal calcination rotary kiln 510, thereby maintaining the anaerobic environment in the pyrolysis chamber 111 and ensuring a safe production environment; in addition, the residue outlet 113 is connected with the collection chamber 210, so that oxygen entering the pyrolysis chamber 111 from the residue outlet 113 in the process of sending out the pyrolysis slag and oil gas can be reduced, the pyrolysis slag can directly enter the calcining chamber 520 from the collection chamber 210, and the heat loss of the pyrolysis slag is reduced.

Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for processing oil shale further includes a calcined shale slag collecting device 600 disposed at an end of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 510 for collecting calcined shale slag, the calcined shale slag after being sufficiently fired is collected by the calcined shale slag collecting device 600 for centralized processing, and the calcined shale slag can enter the calcined shale slag collecting device 600 when being discharged from the calcining chamber 520, so as to avoid heat loss during the transportation of the calcined shale slag.

The calcining shale slag collecting device 600 is internally provided with a slag collecting cavity 610 for collecting calcining shale slag, the bottom of the slag collecting cavity 610 is provided with a slag discharge hole 620, the slag discharge hole 620 is provided with a slag discharge gate 630, the calcining shale slag entering the slag collecting cavity 610 can be accumulated on the slag discharge gate 630 and can not be moved out from the slag discharge hole 620 due to the blockage of the slag discharge gate 630, the temperature leakage in the calcining chamber 520 can be reduced when the slag discharge gate 630 is closed, in addition, the temperature reduction speed of the calcining shale slag can be slowed down, and the heat loss is reduced.

Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for processing oil shale further includes a calcined shale slag processing apparatus 700, the calcined shale slag processing apparatus 700 includes a milling station 710 and a transfer unit 720 disposed between the milling station 710 and the calcined shale slag collecting apparatus 600, the milling station 710 can mill the calcined shale slag and the impurity dry materials filtered out by the oil and gas purifying unit 300 and the doped ingredients into building material gelled materials, so as to improve utilization rate of the oil shale and further improve economic benefits produced by the oil shale, and the transfer unit 720 is used for transferring the calcined shale slag into the milling station 710.

The transfer unit 720 comprises a conveyor 721 and a cooling device 722, the cooling device 722 reduces the temperature of the high-temperature calcined shale slag through circulating water to form gelatinization, grinding is facilitated to be ground into a gelled material, the temperature of the calcined shale slag is collected to preheat gas introduced into the heating chamber 121 and the calcining chamber 520, a slag discharge port 620 is arranged corresponding to the cooling device, the conveyor 720 is arranged corresponding to the powder grinding station 710, and the calcined shale slag can directly drop on the cooling device to be cooled after dropping out of the slag collection cavity 610 from the slag discharge port 620.

With reference to fig. 1 to 8, the invention also proposes a shale oil refining and processing method, using the above-mentioned shale oil refining and processing apparatus, the method comprising the following steps:

s10: the oil shale enters a drying preheating chamber for drying and preheating, so that moisture is removed and part of organic matters attached to the surface of the oil shale is eliminated;

s20, introducing fuel gas into the heating chamber to start combustion to increase the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber, keeping the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber at 400-600 ℃, introducing tail gas generated by combustion into the drying preheating chamber to increase the temperature of the drying preheating chamber, opening a preheating gate to enable oil shale to reach a screw feeder, conveying the oil shale into the pyrolysis chamber through the screw feeder, driving the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate by a first driving device, moving the oil shale along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber and gradually heating the oil shale, and fully pyrolyzing the oil shale in the moving process to form pyrolysis slag;

s30, pyrolysis slag enters a first slag discharging gate in a collecting chamber, oil gas entering the collecting chamber along with the pyrolysis slag is collected, the first slag discharging gate is opened to enable the pyrolysis slag to enter a second slag discharging gate, the first slag discharging gate is closed, the rear slag discharging gate is opened to enable the pyrolysis slag to enter a calcining chamber, meanwhile, fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber to be combusted, the temperature of the calcining chamber is increased to 800-1500 ℃, the pyrolysis slag overturns and moves along the inner wall of the calcining chamber under the action of a second driving device and is fully calcined, mineral substances contained in the pyrolysis slag are decomposed and reconstructed to form active and gelatinous calcined shale slag, tail gas generated by calcining is introduced into a heating chamber and a drying preheating chamber through an exhaust pipe, and the oil gas enters an oil-gas purification unit to be dedusted to obtain dry materials;

s40, the oil gas after dust removal enters an oil-gas separation device for further processing to obtain an oil-water mixture and gas, calcined shale slag enters a slag collecting cavity, and after a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, a slag discharging gate is opened to discharge the calcined shale slag;

s50, the calcined shale slag falls onto a transfer unit, the temperature of the calcined shale slag is reduced through a cooling device, fuel gas introduced into a heating chamber and a calcining chamber is preheated by using the temperature of the calcined shale slag, the calcined shale slag is conveyed into a grinding station through a conveyor, dry materials in an oil gas purification unit and the calcined shale slag are conveyed into the grinding station together, and the calcined shale slag and the dry materials are made into building materials through grinding of the grinding station;

and S60, separating shale oil particles in the fuel gas by the gas through a demister, sending the separated shale oil particles into a settling separation tank, sending part of the fuel gas into a heating chamber and a calcining chamber for combustion, storing and sending the rest of the fuel gas to generate electricity, treating an oil-water mixture through the settling separation tank to obtain shale oil and oil sludge, and returning the oil sludge to be doped with the oil shale particles for circulating pyrolysis.

The embodiment of the invention can be applied to products such as oil shale processing equipment, shale oil extraction equipment and the like.

While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without limitation to such specific embodiments. Any modification which does not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention is intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. Shale oil refines and processing apparatus, its characterized in that includes:

the horizontal pyrolysis device is used for pyrolyzing the oil shale;

the gas collecting tower is used for collecting oil gas generated after the oil shale is pyrolyzed;

the oil gas purification unit is used for eliminating impurities in oil gas;

the oil-gas separation device is used for separating oil-gas mixture;

the horizontal pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal heating kiln arranged on the periphery of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a pyrolysis chamber is defined in the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a heating chamber is defined in the horizontal heating kiln, a collecting chamber used for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag is arranged in the gas collecting tower, an air exhaust port communicated with the oil gas purification unit is arranged at the upper end of the collecting chamber, the shale oil refining and processing equipment further comprises a pyrolysis slag processing device, the pyrolysis slag processing device comprises a horizontal calcination rotary kiln used for calcining and firing pyrolysis slag, a calcined shale slag collecting device used for collecting calcined shale slag and a calcined shale slag processing device used for processing calcined shale slag, the calcined shale slag processing device comprises a powder grinding station, and impurities filtered out from the pyrolysis slag and the oil gas purification unit are made into building materials through the powder grinding station; the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a first material guide plate, and the first material guide plate is used for guiding the oil shale to move and limiting the oil shale; the first material guide plates are distributed along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber in a vortex shape; the inner wall of the heating chamber is provided with a plurality of hot air guide plates which are distributed along the spiral.

2. The shale oil refining and processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and the horizontal heating kiln are rotatably coupled, and wherein the horizontal heating kiln is provided with a plurality of burners and a plurality of gas inlets at intervals along a length direction.

3. The shale oil refining and processing equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is provided with idler groups at two ends thereof in rotation fit with the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a first driving device for controlling the rotation of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is arranged in the middle of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, and a first material guide plate is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber in a vortex shape.

4. Shale oil refining and processing apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the oil gas separation device separates oil gas into an oil water mixture and gas, the shale oil refining and processing apparatus further comprising a mist eliminator for processing the gas and a settling tank for processing the oil water mixture.

5. Shale oil refining and processing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the horizontal rotary kiln defines a calcination chamber therein, the calcination chamber having a pyrolysis residue inlet at one end and a calcined shale residue outlet at the other end, the pyrolysis residue inlet being higher than the calcined shale residue outlet.

6. The shale oil refining and processing equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the horizontal calcining rotary kiln is provided with supporting devices at two ends thereof in rotating fit with the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, a second driving device for controlling the horizontal calcining rotary kiln to rotate is arranged in the middle of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, and the inner wall of the calcining chamber is provided with a second material guide plate which is distributed along the inner wall of the calcining chamber in a vortex shape.

7. The shale oil refining and processing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a slag collection chamber for collecting the calcined shale slag is defined in the calcined shale slag collection device, a slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the slag collection chamber, and a slag discharge gate is provided at the slag discharge port.

8. Shale oil refining and processing apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein a transfer unit between the pulverizing mill and the calcined shale slag collection device, the slag discharge port being provided in correspondence with the transfer unit.

9. Shale oil refining, processing method, comprising shale oil refining and processing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising the steps of:

s10, introducing fuel gas into the heating chamber to start combustion to improve the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber, allowing the oil shale to enter the pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis, moving the oil shale along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber under the action of a first driving device, gradually heating the oil shale, and fully pyrolyzing the oil shale in the moving process; s20, feeding pyrolysis residues and oil gas into a gas collecting tower, feeding the oil gas into an oil gas purification unit for dedusting to obtain dry materials, feeding the pyrolysis residues into a calcining chamber for calcining and firing, rolling and moving the pyrolysis residues along the inner wall of the calcining chamber under the action of a second driving device, fully calcining the pyrolysis residues, and decomposing and reconstructing mineral substances contained in the pyrolysis residues to obtain active and gelatinous calcined shale residues;

s30, the oil gas after dust removal enters an oil-gas separation device for further processing to obtain an oil-water mixture and gas, calcined shale slag enters a slag collecting cavity, and after a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, a slag discharging gate is opened to discharge the calcined shale slag;

s40, the calcined shale slag falls onto a transfer unit and is conveyed into a powder grinding station by the transfer unit, dry materials in the oil-gas purification unit and the calcined shale slag are conveyed into the powder grinding station together, and the calcined shale slag and the dry materials are ground by the powder grinding station to form building materials;

and S50, treating the gas by a demister to obtain fuel gas, and treating the oil-water mixture by a settling separation tank to obtain shale oil.

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