CN112322341A - Oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for comprehensively utilizing oil shale, belonging to the technical field of oil production from oil shale, and the device for comprehensively utilizing the oil shale comprises: the device comprises a crushing station, a drying preheating device, a horizontal pyrolysis device, a gas collection tower, a horizontal calcining device, an oil-gas separation device and a calcined shale slag treatment device; the horizontal type pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal type heating kiln, a pyrolysis chamber is limited in the horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln, a heating chamber is limited in the horizontal type heating kiln, the oil-gas separation device is connected with a settling separation tank, one side of the settling separation tank is connected with a shale oil storage tank, and the other side of the settling separation tank is connected with the drying and preheating device, so that the residual oil sludge after separation is sent into the drying and preheating device for recycling. The embodiment of the invention can be applied to products such as oil shale processing equipment, shale oil extraction equipment and the like.

Description

Oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment and method

[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

The invention relates to the technical field of oil production from oil shale, in particular to comprehensive utilization equipment and a comprehensive utilization method of oil shale.

[ background of the invention ]

Oil shale is an oil-bearing ore and is widely distributed worldwide. A plurality of provinces in China are distributed, and the reserves are considerable. The total oil-bearing reserves of oil shale are a disposable natural energy source greater than natural petroleum. When the existing oil shale processing equipment processes oil shale, all shale oil in the oil shale is difficult to extract, so that more resource waste is caused; a large amount of slag generated in the production process is discarded, the environment is polluted, the heat contained in various high-temperature tail gases cannot be fully utilized, and the energy loss is large; during the shale oil purification process, the generated filter residue and dry materials cannot be reused.

[ summary of the invention ]

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment and improves the utilization rate of the oil shale.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment includes: a crushing station for crushing the oil shale; the drying and preheating device is used for drying and preheating the oil shale; the horizontal pyrolysis device is used for pyrolyzing the oil shale; the horizontal calcining device is used for calcining the pyrolysis slag generated by the horizontal pyrolyzing device; the gas collecting tower is positioned between the horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcining device and is used for collecting oil gas generated after pyrolysis of the oil shale; the oil-gas separation device is used for separating oil-gas mixture; the calcined shale slag treatment device is used for further treating the calcined shale slag to produce a building material cementing material; the horizontal type pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal type heating kiln arranged at the periphery of the horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln, a pyrolysis chamber is limited in the horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln, a heating chamber is limited in the horizontal type heating kiln, the horizontal type calcining device comprises a horizontal type calcining rotary kiln, a calcining chamber is limited in the horizontal type calcining rotary kiln, the calcining shale slag treatment device comprises a powder grinding station for making calcining shale slag into building materials, an oil-gas separation device is connected with a settling separation tank, one side of the settling separation tank is connected with a shale oil storage tank, and the other side of the settling separation tank is connected with a drying preheating device so as to send the residual oil sludge after separation into the drying preheating device for recycling.

The invention provides an oil shale comprehensive utilization device, which is characterized in that the particle size of oil shale is reduced through a crushing station, the oil shale is easier to be heated and oil gas is extracted, so that the oil yield is improved, the oil shale is pretreated by a drying and preheating device to eliminate moisture and surface organic substances, and a horizontal pyrolysis device and a horizontal calcining device are used for pyrolyzing the oil shale, extracting shale oil and gas and treating the pyrolyzed oil shale; the pyrolysis part and the calcination part of the oil shale are carried out in two different devices, the horizontal pyrolysis device is used for pyrolyzing the oil shale, and the horizontal calcination device is used for calcining the pyrolysis slag, so that the oil shale can be sufficiently heated, the pyrolysis slag is not in a pyrolysis chamber, the influence of oil gas is not required to be considered, the oil shale can be sufficiently fired to eliminate contained organic substances, and reconstructed mineral substances are decomposed; the oil shale is placed into a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln for heating pyrolysis, and the oil shale can move along the inner wall of a pyrolysis chamber to be fully heated, so that oil gas in the oil shale can be completely extracted, the ore utilization rate is high, and the output of shale oil and gas is improved; the pyrolysis slag can gradually move along the inner wall of the calcining chamber in the horizontal heating kiln and cannot directly move to the tail end of the calcining chamber, so that the pyrolysis slag can be fully heated and decomposed, and organic matters contained in the pyrolysis slag are eliminated; the fully calcined shale slag is ground into a building material by a grinding station, so that the utilization rate of the oil shale is improved, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the economic benefit generated by the oil shale is further improved;

the oil-gas mixture after drawing is separated into gas and shale oil by oil-gas separation device, and the shale oil enters into the settling separation jar and carries out further separation and purification, collects the finished product shale oil of production and stores, and in oil sludge and the dry preheating device of adding into again after the oil shale mixes, continues to refine the shale oil that the fatlute contains, and the high-usage of oil shale, the waste gas environmental protection pollution-free of production.

Furthermore, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is matched with the horizontal heating kiln in a rotating mode, and a plurality of burners and a plurality of gas inlets are arranged on the horizontal heating kiln at intervals along the length direction. There is relative rotation between horizontal heating kiln and the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, it is even to enable horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to be heated, the difference in temperature can not appear in all oil shales in the pyrolysis chamber, it is even to be heated, can be carried oil gas by better heating, be equipped with a plurality of gas entries on the horizontal heating kiln, the combustor is used for lighting the gas that enters into in the gas entry, can make the different positions in the heating chamber all have the gas combustion to the pyrolysis chamber heating, can make the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber keep even, oil shale can be better be heated and draw shale oil.

Furthermore, the two ends of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln are provided with a riding wheel set which is in running fit with the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, the middle part of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is provided with a first driving device which controls the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate, and a first material guide plate which is distributed along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber in a vortex shape is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber. Horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln can be supported to the riding wheel group of horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln both sides, first drive arrangement only is responsible for driving horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and rotates, the pressure that receives is little, the load is little, long service life, the first stock guide of vortex form distribution can guide oil shale to remove, make oil shale turn over in the pyrolysis chamber to fry the roll, and carry out spacingly to oil shale, enable oil shale and remove along the pyrolysis chamber inner wall gradually, the oil shale stagnation can not appear or directly reachs the terminal condition of pyrolysis chamber, in order to guarantee to extract the oil gas in the oil shale completely.

Furthermore, two ends of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln are provided with supporting devices which are in running fit with the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, the middle part of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln is provided with a second driving device which controls the horizontal calcining rotary kiln to rotate, and the inner wall of the calcining chamber is provided with a second material guide plate which is distributed along the inner wall of the calcining chamber in a vortex shape. Through strutting arrangement, can reduce horizontal calcining rotary kiln to second drive arrangement's pressure, thereby can not influence the rotation because of the weight of itself, second drive arrangement can control horizontal calcining rotary kiln and rotate, make it be heated evenly, pyrolysis slag in the calcining chamber can fully contact with the gas, get rid of organic substance, decompose the mineral substance, the second stock guide that the vortex form distributes can guide pyrolysis slag to remove, make pyrolysis slag stir-fry the roll in the calcining chamber, and carry on spacingly to pyrolysis slag, enable pyrolysis slag and remove gradually along the calcining chamber inner wall, can make pyrolysis slag and calcining chamber gas contact abundant in horizontal calcining rotary kiln rotation process, pyrolysis slag stagnation can not appear or directly reach the terminal condition of calcining chamber, in order to guarantee that pyrolysis slag can be fully calcined and form and calcine the shale sediment.

Further, the oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment further comprises a calcined shale slag collecting device, a slag collecting cavity used for collecting calcined shale slag is defined in the calcined shale slag collecting device, the slag collecting cavity is communicated with the calcining chamber, a slag discharging opening is formed in the bottom of the slag collecting cavity, and a slag discharging gate is arranged at the slag discharging opening. The calcined shale slag entering the slag collecting cavity can be accumulated on the slag discharge gate and blocked by the slag discharge gate so as not to be moved out from the slag discharge port, the temperature leakage in the calcining chamber can be reduced when the slag discharge gate is closed, in addition, the temperature reduction speed of the calcined shale slag can be slowed down, and the energy loss is reduced.

Furthermore, the calcined shale slag treatment device also comprises a transfer unit positioned between the pulverizing station and the calcined shale slag collection device. The transfer unit is used for transferring the calcined shale slag to the pulverizing station, and the calcined shale slag discharge hole can directly drop out of the slag collecting cavity and then be transferred on the transfer unit.

Furthermore, the drying preheating device is provided with a drying preheating chamber, the upper end of the drying preheating chamber is an inlet, and the lower end of the drying preheating chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber. The oil shale enters the drying preheating chamber from the upper end of the drying preheating chamber, and is heated by the tail gas generated by combustion and the temperature generated by the preheating chamber in the downward falling process, and meanwhile, the tail gas can blow away the bonded oil shale so as to preheat and pyrolyze the oil shale.

Furthermore, the gas collecting tower is positioned between the horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcining device, a collecting chamber for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag is arranged in the gas collecting tower, and the collecting chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber and the calcining chamber. Pyrolysis residue and oil gas in the pyrolysis chamber can advance into collect indoorly, and oil gas is collected, and the pyrolysis residue enters into and collects the chamber, avoids pyrolysis chamber and calcination room direct intercommunication to can not influence the pyrolysis of oil shale.

Furthermore, the oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment further comprises an oil gas purification unit and a demister, wherein the oil gas purification unit is used for eliminating impurities in oil gas, the oil gas purification unit is located between the oil gas separation device and the gas collection tower, and the demister is connected with the oil gas separation device to treat water mist and particle shale oil floating in gas. The oil gas purification unit can purify the oil gas collected from the gas collecting tower, and then sends the oil gas into the oil-gas separation device, so that the oil-gas separation device is prevented from generating impurities attached to the oil gas, the oil-gas separation device divides the oil-gas mixture into gas and shale oil, and the demister can separate floating shale oil particles in the gas and purify the gas.

The comprehensive utilization method of the oil shale comprises the comprehensive utilization equipment of the oil shale, and the method comprises the following steps:

s10, the oil shale enters a crushing station, and the oil shale is crushed into particle oil shale;

s20, the oil shale enters the drying and preheating device to be dried and preheated, the water is removed, partial organic matters attached to the surface of the oil shale are eliminated, and meanwhile, fuel gas is introduced into the heating chamber to start to burn to improve the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber:

s30, preheating the oil shale, allowing the oil shale to enter a pyrolysis chamber, driving the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate by a first driving device, moving the oil shale along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber, gradually heating the oil shale, and fully pyrolyzing the oil shale in the moving process to form pyrolysis slag;

s40, the pyrolysis slag and the oil gas enter the gas collection tower to separate the pyrolysis slag and the oil gas, the oil gas is collected from the upper end of the collection chamber and enters the oil gas purification unit for treatment, the purified oil gas mixture enters the oil gas separation device to be separated into an oil-water mixture and gas, the pyrolysis slag enters the calcining chamber from the collection chamber, meanwhile, the fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber to be combusted, the pyrolysis slag is calcined, and mineral substances contained in the pyrolysis slag are decomposed and reconstructed to form active and gelatinous calcined shale slag;

s50, enabling the oil-water mixture to enter a settling separation tank for further processing to obtain finished shale oil and oil sludge, enabling the gas to pass through a demister for processing to obtain fuel gas, enabling calcined shale slag to enter a slag collection cavity, and after a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, opening a slag discharge gate to discharge the calcined shale slag;

and S60, the calcined shale slag falls onto a conveyor, the conveyor conveys the calcined shale slag into a powder station, the calcined shale slag is ground by the powder station to be made into building materials, fuel gas and finished shale oil are stored, oil sludge and granular oil shale are mixed and then added into a drying and preheating device for reuse, and shale oil in the oil sludge is extracted.

These features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in more detail in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

[ description of the drawings ]

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an oil shale comprehensive utilization device in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a horizontal pyrolysis apparatus and a horizontal calcining apparatus in the practice of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view at B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal calcining rotary kiln in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a horizontal calcining rotary kiln in the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

a crushing station 100;

a screw feeder 200;

a drying preheating device 300, a drying preheating chamber 310 and a preheating gate 320;

the horizontal pyrolysis device 400, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, the pyrolysis chamber 411, a first material guide plate 4111, a raw material inlet 412, a residual material outlet 413, the horizontal heating kiln 420, a heating chamber 421, a hot air guide plate 4211, a fuel gas inlet 422, a burner 4221, a valve assembly 423, a tail gas discharge port 424, a first driving device 430 and a riding wheel group 440;

the gas collecting tower 500, the collecting chamber 510, the air extraction opening 520, the induced draft fan 530 and the slag discharge gate 540;

the device comprises a horizontal calcining device 600, a horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, a calcining chamber 610, a second material guide plate 611, a pyrolysis slag inlet 620, a calcined shale slag outlet 630, a gas pipe 640, an exhaust pipe 650, an exhaust pipeline 651, a second driving device 660 and a supporting device 670;

the system comprises an oil-gas purification unit 700, an oil-gas separation device 710, a demister 720, a settling separation tank 730, a first fuel gas channel 741, a second fuel gas channel 742 and a desulfurizing tower 740;

the device comprises a calcined shale slag collecting device 800, a slag collecting cavity 810, a slag discharge port 820 and a slag discharge gate 830;

the device comprises a calcined shale slag treatment device 900, a grinding station 910, a transfer unit 920, a conveyer 921 and a cooling device 922.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are explained and illustrated below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides an oil shale comprehensive utilization apparatus, including a crushing station 100, a drying preheating device 300, a horizontal pyrolysis device 400, a gas collecting tower 500, a horizontal calcining device 600, an oil-gas purification unit 700, an oil-gas separation device 710, a calcined shale slag collecting device 800, and a calcined shale slag processing device 900.

Crushing station 100 is used for breaking bold oil shale into fritter granule oil shale, crushing station 100 includes first breaker and second breaker, first breaker is jaw breaker, the second breaker is the double-geared roller crusher, first breaker breaks bold oil shale into fritter oil shale, the second breaker is broken into the fritter oil shale with fritter oil shale, the particle size of oil shale is reduced, it draws oil gas to enable oil shale to be more easily heated, in order to improve the oil yield.

The drying and preheating device 300 is used for drying and preheating the oil shale, further eliminating moisture and removing part of organic matters, the drying and preheating device 300 is provided with a drying and preheating chamber 310, the drying and preheating chamber 310 is divided into a drying zone and a preheating zone, the temperature of the drying zone is kept between 100 ℃ and 200 ℃, and the temperature of the preheating zone is kept between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃.

The horizontal pyrolysis device 400 is used for pyrolyzing oil shale to extract shale oil and fuel gas, the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale is 400-600 ℃, at the temperature, the oil shale can be fully pyrolyzed, the pyrolysis effect cannot be influenced by overhigh temperature, the oil shale pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 and a horizontal heating kiln 420 arranged on the periphery of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, a pyrolysis chamber 411 communicated with a drying preheating chamber 310 is defined in the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, a heating chamber 421 is defined in the horizontal heating kiln 420, the oil shale is placed into the pyrolysis chamber 411 for heating pyrolysis, the oil shale can move along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411 to be fully heated, thereby can extract the oil gas in the oil shale completely, ore utilization is high, has improved the output of shale oil and gas, and the gas is direct not let in to burn in pyrolysis chamber 411, and the oil gas of pyrolysis contains debris fewly, the condition of explosion can not appear yet. The gas burner is installed to horizontal pyrolysis device feed end, and the combustor improves pyrolysis chamber feed inlet temperature, can also blow off the granule oil shale that the stoving preheating chamber got into the pyrolysis chamber.

In the above, the pyrolysis refers to a reaction process in which a substance is heated to be decomposed, the pyrolysis includes several reactions, preferably, in the present invention, dry distillation is actually performed, the dry distillation is a reaction process in which a solid or an organic substance is heated and decomposed under the condition of isolating air, and various gases, vapors and solid residues are generated.

The both ends of pyrolysis chamber 411 are raw materials entry 412 and clout export 413 respectively, raw materials entry 412 and stoving preheating chamber 310 intercommunication, in oil shale entered into pyrolysis chamber 411 from raw materials entry 412, the oil shale of accomplishing the pyrolysis becomes the pyrolysis sediment and discharges from clout export 413, raw materials entry 412 highly is higher than clout export 413's height, can make things convenient for oil shale's removal, the condition that oil shale piles up in pyrolysis chamber 411 entry position department can not appear.

The horizontal calcining device 600 is used for treating the pyrolyzed oil shale, the horizontal calcining device 600 comprises a horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, a calcining chamber 610 is arranged in the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, the calcining chamber 610 is used for calcining pyrolysis slag, fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber 610 for sufficient incineration, the pyrolysis slag is sufficiently calcined to eliminate contained harmful organic substances, contained mineral substances are sufficiently decomposed and reconstructed, the activity and the gelatinization are improved to form pollution-free calcined shale slag, the discharged tail gas is also clean gas, the temperature of the calcined pyrolysis slag is 800-1500 ℃, and the pyrolysis slag can be sufficiently decomposed and reconstructed at the temperature.

The calcining chamber 610 has one end with a pyrolysis residue inlet 620 and the other end with a calcined shale residue outlet 630, and the pyrolysis residue inlet 620 is higher than the calcined shale residue outlet 630, so that the pyrolysis residue can be conveniently moved without the occurrence of the condition that the pyrolysis residue is accumulated at the position of the pyrolysis residue inlet 620.

The pyrolysis part and the calcination part of the oil shale are performed in two different devices, the horizontal pyrolysis device 400 is used for pyrolyzing the oil shale, and the horizontal calcination device 600 is used for calcining the pyrolysis slag, so that the oil shale can be sufficiently heated, and the pyrolysis slag is not in the pyrolysis chamber 411 and does not need to be considered to influence oil gas.

The gas collecting tower 500 is located between the horizontal pyrolysis device 400 and the horizontal calcining device 600, a collecting chamber 510 used for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag is arranged in the gas collecting tower 500, the collecting chamber 510 is respectively communicated with the pyrolysis chamber 411 and the calcining chamber 610, an air pumping hole 520 is formed in the upper end of the collecting chamber 510, an induced draft fan 530 is arranged at the air pumping hole 520 to enable the pyrolysis chamber 411 to keep a negative pressure environment, oxygen is prevented from entering the pyrolysis chamber 411 from the air pumping hole 520, the explosion situation can not occur, and the production process is safe.

In the pyrolysis chamber 411 can directly enter into through the oil shale that preheats, reduces the calorific loss of oil shale in the transportation, reduces and enters into pyrolysis chamber 411 interior oxygen, and clout export 413 is connected and is collected room 510, can reduce and send out the oxygen that pyrolysis residue and oil gas in-process entered into pyrolysis chamber 411 from clout export 413, and the pyrolysis residue can be followed and is collected room 510 and directly enter into calcining chamber 610 in, has reduced the calorific loss of pyrolysis residue.

Calcining shale slag collecting device 800 is arranged at the end of horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 so as to collect calcining shale slag, a slag collecting cavity 810 used for collecting the calcining shale slag is defined in the calcining shale slag collecting device 800, a slag discharge hole 820 is formed in the bottom wall of the slag collecting cavity 810, a slag discharge gate 830 is arranged at the slag discharge hole 820, the calcining shale slag entering the slag collecting cavity 810 can be accumulated on the slag discharge gate 830 and is blocked by the slag discharge gate 830 and cannot be moved out from the slag discharge hole 820, the temperature leakage in the calcining chamber 610 can be reduced when the slag discharge gate 830 is closed, in addition, the temperature reduction speed of the calcining shale slag can be slowed down, and the heat loss is reduced.

The calcined shale slag treatment device 900 comprises a powder grinding station 910 and a transfer unit 920 arranged between the powder grinding station 910 and the calcined shale slag collection device 800, the powder grinding station 910 can grind the calcined shale slag into building materials, the utilization rate of oil shale is improved, the economic benefit generated by the oil shale is further improved, the transfer unit 920 is used for transferring the calcined shale slag into the powder grinding station 910, the transfer unit 920 comprises a conveyor 921 and a cooling device 922, the cooling device 922 reduces the temperature of the high-temperature calcined shale slag through circulating water to form gel, the gel is favorably ground and made into a gel material, the temperature of the calcined shale slag is collected to preheat gas introduced into a heating chamber 421 and a calcining chamber 610, a slag discharge port 820 is arranged corresponding to the cooling device, the cooling device 922 is arranged corresponding to the conveyor 921, and the slag collection chamber 810 can be directly dropped from the slag discharge port 820 to be cooled on the cooling device, and fed to the grinding station 910 by a conveyor 921.

The oil-gas purification unit 700 is used for eliminating impurities in oil gas to obtain dry materials, the dry materials and impurities generated by filtering tail gas generated in the calcining chamber 610 can be sent to the pulverizing station 910 to be processed into building materials along with the calcined shale slag, the oil-gas separation device 710 is used for separating oil-gas mixture into gas and shale oil, the oil-gas separation device 710 is connected with a demister 720 and a settling separation tank 730, and the demister 720 is connected with a desulfurizing tower 740.

The gas is treated by a demister 720, water mist floating in the gas and shale oil particles are separated and sent into a settling separation tank 730, after the gas is treated by a desulfurizing tower 740, part of the gas is sent into a heating chamber 421 through a first gas pipeline 741 to be combusted, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 is heated to carry out pyrolysis treatment on the oil shale, part of the gas is sent into a calcining chamber 610 through a second gas pipeline 742 to be combusted, the gas required by the horizontal calcining device 600 through calcining pyrolysis slag and the rest of the gas are sent into a gas storage tank, after the initial operation of the equipment needs to provide extra energy, subsequent processing can be extracted from the oil shale, extra energy is not needed, and the production cost can be saved.

One side of the settling separation tank 730 is connected with a shale oil storage tank, the other side of the settling separation tank is connected with the drying and preheating device 300, after oil shale is further separated, finished shale oil is placed into the shale oil storage tank to be stored, the rest oil sludge is subjected to filter pressing, the produced shale oil is placed into the shale oil storage tank for standby, filter residues after filter pressing and granular oil shale are mixed and then return to the drying and preheating device 300, and the shale oil is repeatedly used for preparing shale oil.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, based on the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of gas inlets 422 and a plurality of burners 4221 are spaced apart from each other along a length direction of the horizontal heating kiln 420, the gas inlets 422 can simultaneously introduce gas, and the burners 4221 are configured to ignite the gas introduced into the gas inlets 422, so that the gas is combusted at different positions in the heating chamber 421 to heat the pyrolysis chamber 411, so that a temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 411 can be kept uniform, and the oil shale can be better heated to extract shale oil.

In order to facilitate temperature control, a plurality of gas inlets 422 are provided with a gas flow control valve assembly 423, and the gas flow control valve assembly 423 can control the gas flow entering the heating chamber 421, so as to facilitate temperature control of the pyrolysis chamber 411.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, in order to improve the utilization rate of energy, based on the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the horizontal heating kiln 420 is further provided with the tail gas discharge port 424, and the tail gas discharge port 424 is communicated with the drying and preheating chamber 310, so that high-temperature tail gas generated in the heating chamber 421 can be introduced into the drying and preheating chamber 310, the temperature is increased, the preheating effect is enhanced, it is ensured that the oil shale can be sufficiently heated, the heat of fuel gas is sufficiently utilized, and the waste of energy is reduced; the upper end of the drying preheating chamber 310 is an inlet, the lower end of the drying preheating chamber 310 is communicated with the raw material inlet 412, so that preheated oil shale enters the pyrolysis chamber 411, the oil shale enters the drying preheating chamber 310 from the upper end of the drying preheating chamber 310, and is heated by tail gas generated by combustion and the temperature generated by the drying preheating chamber 310 in the downward falling process, and meanwhile, the tail gas can blow away the bonded oil shale, so that the oil shale is preheated and pyrolyzed.

The horizontal calcining device 600 further comprises a gas pipe 640 for introducing gas into the calcining chamber 610 and an exhaust pipe 650 for exhausting calcining tail gas, wherein the exhaust pipe 650 is communicated with the drying preheating chamber 310 and the horizontal pyrolyzing device 400 through an exhaust pipeline 651 and heats the drying preheating chamber 310 together with the tail gas exhausted from the heating chamber 421, in addition, due to the fact that the temperature of the tail gas in the calcining chamber 610 is high, the temperature of the drying preheating chamber 310 is possibly overhigh when the tail gas is completely introduced into the drying preheating chamber 310, a part of the tail gas can be introduced into the heating chamber 421 to increase the temperature of the heating chamber 421, and the redundant tail gas is exhausted after desulfurization treatment.

On the basis of the above embodiments, in order to enable the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln to be heated uniformly, referring to fig. 2 to 4, in another embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln 410 is rotatably matched with the horizontal type heating kiln 420, the gas in the horizontal type heating kiln 420 is combusted to generate heat, the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln 410 rotates to absorb the heat generated in the heating chamber 421, the horizontal type heating kiln 420 does not rotate, so that the process of introducing the gas into the heating chamber 421 is not affected, the oil shale is continuously changed in position along with the rotation of the horizontal type rotary pyrolysis kiln 410, the oil shale is heated more uniformly, the oil gas can be heated and extracted better, the inner wall of the heating chamber 421 is provided with a plurality of hot air guide plates 4211 distributed along a spiral shape, and the combustion gas generated by the gas can be guided to surround the whole circumference of the outer wall of the horizontal type.

The number of the horizontal heating kilns 420 is two, the two horizontal heating kilns are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle area of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, a first driving device 430 for controlling the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 to rotate is arranged between the two horizontal heating kilns 420 in the middle of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, the two ends of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 are provided with riding wheel sets 440 in running fit with the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, the riding wheel sets 440 can support the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 and keep the rotation guide and balance of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, the first driving device 430 is only responsible for driving the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 to rotate, the pressure received is small, the load is small, and the service life is long.

In order to facilitate the movement of the oil shale, the oil shale is prevented from directly moving from the raw material inlet 412 to the residue outlet 413, the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411 is provided with a first material guide plate 4111, the first material guide plate 4111 can guide the oil shale to move, the oil shale is limited, the oil shale can gradually move along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411, and the situation that the oil shale stagnates or directly reaches the tail end of the pyrolysis chamber 411 cannot occur.

The first material guide plates 4111 are distributed along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411 in a vortex manner, the first material guide plates 4111 distributed in a vortex manner can better control the movement of the oil shale, so that the oil shale is stir-fried in the pyrolysis chamber 411 to be uniformly heated, and the oil shale can be fully contacted with the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411 in the rotation process of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, so that oil gas in the oil shale can be completely extracted.

In addition to the above embodiments, referring to fig. 2, 6 and 7, in order to uniformly heat the pyrolysis slag in the horizontal rotary kiln, in another embodiment of the present invention, a second driving device 660 for controlling the rotation of the horizontal rotary kiln 601 is disposed at the bottom of the horizontal rotary kiln 601, and the second driving device 660 can control the rotation of the horizontal rotary kiln 601 to uniformly heat the pyrolysis slag, so that the pyrolysis slag in the calcining chamber 610 can be sufficiently contacted with the gas to remove the organic substances.

The second driving device 660 is not enough to support the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, the supporting devices 670 are arranged at two ends of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 is in running fit with the supporting devices 670, and the supporting devices 670 can reduce the pressure of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 on the second driving device 660, so that the rotation cannot be influenced by the weight of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601.

In order to facilitate the movement of the pyrolysis slag, the pyrolysis slag is prevented from directly moving from the pyrolysis slag inlet 620 to the calcined shale slag outlet 630, the inner wall of the calcining chamber 610 is provided with the second guide plates 611 distributed along the inner wall of the calcining chamber 610 in a vortex shape, the second guide plates 611 distributed along the vortex shape can guide the pyrolysis slag to move and limit the pyrolysis slag, the pyrolysis slag can gradually move along the inner wall of the calcining chamber 610, the pyrolysis slag can be fully contacted with high-temperature gas in the calcining chamber 610 in the rotation process of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, and the condition that the pyrolysis slag stagnates or directly reaches the tail end of the calcining chamber 610 cannot occur, so that the pyrolysis slag can be fully fired to form the calcined shale slag.

As the calcination continues, the pyrolysis slag is gradually sintered at a high temperature, and at this time, the second material guiding plate 611 cannot continue to play a role of guiding the flow, but may affect the movement of the pyrolysis slag in the calcination chamber 610, and for this reason, the second material guiding plate 611 is only distributed on the inner wall of the front half of the calcination chamber 610.

Based on the above embodiment, in order to maintain the anaerobic environment of the pyrolysis chamber and reduce the oxygen brought into the pyrolysis chamber in the process that the oil shale enters the pyrolysis chamber, referring to fig. 3, the bottom of the drying and preheating chamber 310 is provided with the preheating gate 320 for controlling the falling of the oil shale, the screw feeder 200 is arranged between the drying and preheating device 300 and the horizontal pyrolysis device 400, the preheating gate 320 is opened to make the oil shale reach the screw feeder 200, the oil shale is sent into the pyrolysis chamber 411 through the screw feeder 200 to reduce the oxygen brought in the oil shale entering the pyrolysis chamber 411, the collection chamber 510 is provided with a plurality of slag discharging gates 540 for controlling the falling of the pyrolysis slag, the opening and closing of each slag discharging gate 540 are separately controlled to prevent the high-temperature gas in the calcination chamber 610 from entering the pyrolysis chamber 411 when the pyrolysis slag enters the horizontal calcination rotary kiln 601, so as to maintain the anaerobic environment in the pyrolysis chamber 411, to ensure a safe production environment; in addition, the residue outlet 413 is connected with the collection chamber 510, so that oxygen entering the pyrolysis chamber 411 from the residue outlet 413 in the process of sending out the pyrolysis slag and oil gas can be reduced, the pyrolysis slag can directly enter the calcining chamber 610 from the collection chamber 510, and the heat loss of the pyrolysis slag is reduced.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, in another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing oil shale by using the above oil shale comprehensive utilization apparatus is further provided, the method comprising the following steps:

s10, the oil shale enters a crushing station, and under the action of the first crusher and the second crusher, the oil shale is crushed into particle oil shale;

s20, adjusting the temperature of the drying preheating chamber, keeping the temperature of the drying zone at 100-200 ℃, keeping the temperature of the preheating zone at 200-400 ℃, enabling the oil shale to enter the drying preheating chamber for drying and preheating, drying moisture and eliminating part of organic matters attached to the surface of the oil shale, improving the temperature of the oil shale, improving the pyrolysis efficiency of the oil shale, saving energy consumption, simultaneously introducing fuel gas into the heating chamber for combustion to improve the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber, keeping the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber at 400-600 ℃, introducing tail gas generated by combustion into the drying preheating chamber for improving the temperature of the drying preheating chamber;

s30, opening the preheating gate to enable the oil shale to reach the screw feeder, feeding the oil shale into the pyrolysis chamber through the screw feeder, driving the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate by the first driving device, enabling the oil shale to move along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber and be gradually heated, and fully pyrolyzing the oil shale in the moving process to form pyrolysis slag;

s40, pyrolysis slag and oil gas enter a gas collecting tower to separate the pyrolysis slag and the oil gas, an induced draft fan continuously pumps air to absorb the oil gas, the pyrolysis slag falls on a first slag discharging gate in a collecting chamber, the oil gas entering the collecting chamber along with the pyrolysis slag is collected, the first slag discharging gate is opened to enable the pyrolysis slag to enter a second slag discharging gate, the first slag discharging gate is closed, a rear slag discharging gate is opened to enable the pyrolysis slag to enter a calcining chamber, fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber to be combusted at the same time, the temperature of the calcining chamber is raised to 800-1500 ℃, the pyrolysis slag is calcined, mineral substances contained in the pyrolysis slag are decomposed and reconstructed to form active and gelatinous calcined shale slag, tail gas generated by calcination is dedusted and then discharged into the heating chamber and a drying preheating device through a tail gas pipeline to increase the temperature of the heating chamber and the drying preheating device, the oil gas enters an oil gas purifying unit to remove impurities to obtain dry materials, the purified oil-gas mixture enters an oil-gas separation device and is divided into an oil-water mixture and gas;

s50, the calcined shale slag enters a slag collecting cavity, after a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, a slag discharging gate is opened to discharge the calcined shale slag, water mist and shale oil particles in fuel gas are separated out by a demister and are sent to a settling separation tank, the fuel gas enters a desulfurizing tower to be treated, part of the fuel gas is sent to a heating chamber and a calcining chamber to be combusted, the rest of the fuel gas is stored, and an oil-water mixture enters the settling separation tank to be further treated to obtain finished shale oil and oil sludge;

and S60, the calcined shale slag falls onto a transfer unit, the temperature of the calcined shale slag is reduced through a cooling device, fuel gas introduced into a heating chamber and a calcining chamber is preheated by using the temperature of the calcined shale slag, the calcined shale slag is conveyed into a grinding station through a conveyor, dry materials in an oil-gas purification unit and the calcined shale slag are conveyed into the grinding station together, the calcined shale slag is made into a building material gelled material through grinding of the grinding station, the fuel gas and finished shale oil are stored, oil sludge and granular oil shale are mixed and then are added into a drying and preheating device for reuse, and shale oil in the oil sludge is extracted.

The embodiment of the invention can be applied to products such as oil shale processing equipment, shale oil extraction equipment and the like.

While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and may be embodied in many different forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. Any modification which does not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention is intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. Oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment which is characterized by comprising:

a crushing station for crushing the oil shale;

the drying and preheating device is used for drying and preheating the oil shale;

the horizontal pyrolysis device is used for pyrolyzing the oil shale;

the horizontal calcining device is used for calcining the pyrolysis slag generated by the horizontal pyrolyzing device;

the gas collecting tower is positioned between the horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcining device and is used for collecting oil gas generated after pyrolysis of the oil shale;

the oil-gas separation device is used for separating oil-gas mixture;

the calcined shale slag treatment device is used for further treating the calcined shale slag to produce a building material cementing material;

the horizontal type pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal type heating kiln arranged at the periphery of the horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln, a pyrolysis chamber is limited in the horizontal type pyrolysis rotary kiln, a heating chamber is limited in the horizontal type heating kiln, the horizontal type calcining device comprises a horizontal type calcining rotary kiln, a calcining chamber is limited in the horizontal type calcining rotary kiln, the calcining shale slag treatment device comprises a powder grinding station for making calcining shale slag into building materials, an oil-gas separation device is connected with a settling separation tank, one side of the settling separation tank is connected with a shale oil storage tank, and the other side of the settling separation tank is connected with a drying preheating device so as to send the residual oil sludge after separation into the drying preheating device for recycling.

2. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and the horizontal heating kiln are in running fit, and a plurality of burners and a plurality of gas inlets are arranged on the horizontal heating kiln at intervals along the length direction.

3. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is provided with idler groups at two ends thereof in rotation fit with the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a first driving device for controlling the rotation of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is arranged in the middle of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, and a first material guide plate is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber in a vortex shape.

4. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the horizontal calcining rotary kiln is provided with supporting devices at two ends thereof in rotating fit with the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, a second driving device for controlling the horizontal calcining rotary kiln to rotate is arranged in the middle of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, and the inner wall of the calcining chamber is provided with a second material guide plate which is distributed along the inner wall of the calcining chamber in a vortex shape.

5. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment according to claim 1, further comprising a calcined shale slag collection device, wherein a slag collection cavity for collecting calcined shale slag is defined in the calcined shale slag collection device, the slag collection cavity is communicated with the calcining chamber, a slag discharge port is formed in the bottom wall of the slag collection cavity, and a slag discharge gate is arranged at the slag discharge port.

6. The oil shale comprehensive utilization apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the calcined shale slag treatment device further comprises a transfer unit located between the pulverizing station and the calcined shale slag collection device.

7. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment of claim 1, wherein the drying preheating device is provided with a drying preheating chamber, an inlet is formed in the upper end of the drying preheating chamber, and the lower end of the drying preheating chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber.

8. The oil shale comprehensive utilization device of claim 7, wherein the gas collecting tower is located between the horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcining device, a collecting chamber for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag is arranged in the gas collecting tower, and the collecting chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber and the calcining chamber.

9. The oil shale comprehensive utilization device of claim 1, further comprising an oil gas purification unit for removing impurities in oil gas and a demister, wherein the oil gas purification unit is located between the oil gas separation device and the gas collecting tower, and the demister is connected with the oil gas separation device to treat water mist and granular shale oil floating in gas.

10. The method for comprehensively utilizing oil shale, which is characterized by comprising the oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the method comprises the following steps:

s10, the oil shale enters a crushing station, and the oil shale is crushed into particle oil shale;

s20, the oil shale enters the drying and preheating device to be dried and preheated, the water is removed, partial organic matters attached to the surface of the oil shale are eliminated, and meanwhile, fuel gas is introduced into the heating chamber to start to burn to improve the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber:

s30, preheating the oil shale, allowing the oil shale to enter a pyrolysis chamber, driving the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate by a first driving device, moving the oil shale along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber, gradually heating the oil shale, and fully pyrolyzing the oil shale in the moving process to form pyrolysis slag;

s40, the pyrolysis slag and the oil gas enter the gas collection tower to separate the pyrolysis slag and the oil gas, the oil gas is collected from the upper end of the collection chamber and enters the oil gas purification unit for treatment, the purified oil gas mixture enters the oil gas separation device to be separated into an oil-water mixture and gas, the pyrolysis slag enters the calcining chamber from the collection chamber, meanwhile, the fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber to be combusted, the pyrolysis slag is calcined, and mineral substances contained in the pyrolysis slag are decomposed and reconstructed to form active and gelatinous calcined shale slag;

s50, enabling the oil-water mixture to enter a settling separation tank for further processing to obtain finished shale oil and oil sludge, enabling the gas to pass through a demister for processing to obtain fuel gas, enabling calcined shale slag to enter a slag collection cavity, and after a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, opening a slag discharge gate to discharge the calcined shale slag;

and S60, the calcined shale slag falls onto a conveyor, the conveyor conveys the calcined shale slag into a powder station, the calcined shale slag is ground by the powder station to be made into building materials, fuel gas and finished shale oil are stored, oil sludge and granular oil shale are mixed and then added into a drying and preheating device for reuse, and shale oil in the oil sludge is extracted.

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