CN112692098A - 小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺 - Google Patents

小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺 Download PDF

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CN112692098A
CN112692098A CN202011429705.7A CN202011429705A CN112692098A CN 112692098 A CN112692098 A CN 112692098A CN 202011429705 A CN202011429705 A CN 202011429705A CN 112692098 A CN112692098 A CN 112692098A
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heating
steel pipe
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程锡铭
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Jiangsu Yaxin Precision Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B21B27/00Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
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    • B21C1/24Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
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    • B21C37/15Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/20Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
    • B21C37/207Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls with helical guides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D41/00Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
    • B21D41/04Reducing; Closing
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    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
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    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23FNON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23GCLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/08Iron or steel
    • C23G1/081Iron or steel solutions containing H2SO4
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element

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Abstract

本发明公开了小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,工艺步骤如下:准备圆钢坯料→下料→加热→穿孔→打头→酸洗磷化皂化处理→第一次拉拔→磷化皂化处理→第二次拉拔→改头→退火热处理→酸洗磷化皂化处理→第三次拉拔→切老头→一切二→退火热处理→酸洗磷化皂化处理→打头→第四次拉拔→正火热处理→矫直→切除不良部分→ET、UT探伤→定切。上述的加工工艺能批量生产得到外径19×厚度2mm的内螺纹换热管,该内螺纹换热管的机械性能能达到如下要求:抗拉强度420~560MPa,屈服强度≥270MPa,延伸≥25%,通过扩口使换热管一端外径扩大到21.3mm时目视需无裂纹,压扁至12.2mm时目视需无裂纹,均满足GB150‑2011、NB/T47019‑2011。

Description

小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及管材加工工艺领域,具体涉及小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺。
背景技术
现有一种外径19×厚度2mm的内螺纹换热管,该内螺纹换热管机械性能需要达到如下要求:抗拉强度420~560MPa,屈服强度≥270MPa,延伸≥25%,通过扩口使换热管一端外径扩大到21.3mm时目视需无裂纹,压扁至12.2mm时目视需无裂纹,均满足GB150-2011、NB/T47019-2011;两块夹板间距离12.2mm,此为压扁过程,把外径19mm的一小段换热管放于两块夹板之间,开始压扁,使两块夹板之间距离达到12.2mm,换热管会变形,要求整个过程无裂纹,换热管才算合格。该种换热管由于外径小、壁厚薄、内壁需要加工内螺纹、机械性能要求高,所以采用现有的加工工艺很难加工得到。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:将提供一种小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,采用该加工工艺能批量生产得到机械性能符合要求的、外径19×厚度2mm的内螺纹换热管。
为了解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案为:小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其特征在于:工艺步骤如下:
(1)准备圆钢坯料,圆钢坯料的钢号为09MnD、直径尺寸为φ50mm、Akv/-50℃≥50J;
(2)将圆钢坯料在剪断机上剪断成段,从而得到一段段等长的圆钢;
(3)采用步进式加热炉对圆钢进行加热,步进式加热炉从头到尾依次划分有三个温度逐步升高的加热区,三个加热区依次分别为:加热一区:930±50℃,加热二区:1150±30℃,均热区:1250±20℃;圆钢从步进式加热炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从步进式加热炉的出料口离开,其中圆钢在各个加热区的加热时间为:加热一区:13±1min,加热二区:8±1min,均热区:6.45±1min;
(4)圆钢出炉后马上在穿孔机组上进行穿孔,从而得到钢管,钢管的尺寸为外径52×厚度4.6mm,穿孔机组上设置有两个左右排布的轧辊和两个上下排布的导板,轧辊由圆柱段和位于圆柱段前方的圆台段同轴连接而成,圆柱段和圆台段大端的直径相等,并且圆柱段与圆台段大端相连接,在两个导板上分别设置一个导向槽,两个导向槽上下相对布置,两个轧辊上的两个圆柱段之间的间隙即为两个轧辊的辊距,辊距为42.5mm,两个导向槽的直径均为φ50mm,采用φ39mm的顶头对圆钢进行穿孔,顶头顶端从前向后伸进两个轧辊之间的长度为185mm,穿孔时,圆钢从后向前从两个轧辊和两个导板之间穿过,两个导向槽对圆钢进行前后导向,两个轧辊会旋转,从而在圆钢穿孔前对圆钢外圆进行轧制,圆钢经过两个圆柱段之间后会被顶头顶住端部而进行穿孔;
(5)在缩管机上对钢管进行打头,从而得到一端带头子的钢管,头子的直径为32±2 mm,头子长度为130±20mm;
(6)钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(7)在45吨拉拔机上采用φ42苏式外模和φ34苏式内模对钢管进行第一次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径42×厚度4mm的钢管;拉拔时,拉拔机上的拉拔小车通过咬住钢管一端上的头子来拉拔钢管;
(8)拉拔完后,钢管进行磷化皂化处理,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~80℃,磷化时间40~60分钟;经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(9)在45吨拉拔机上采用φ36苏式外模和φ29.6苏式内模对钢管进行第二次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径35.9×厚度3.25mm的钢管;
(10)在冷轧轧头机上钢管一端上的头子进行改头,改头后头子直径为24±2mm,头子长度为180±10mm;
(11)对钢管进行退火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:预热一区:680±50℃,预热二区:800±30℃,加热一区:820±30℃,加热二区:820±30℃,均热一区:800±20℃,均热二区:800±20℃;钢管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行空冷,钢管在各个加热区的加热时间为:预热一区:4.5±0.5min,预热二区:4.5±0.5min,加热一区:4.5±0.5min,加热二区:3.375±0.5min,均热一区:2.25±0.5min,均热二区:3.375±0.5min;
(12)钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(13) 在45吨拉拔机上采用φ27苏式外模和φ21.4苏式内模对钢管进行第三次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径26.9×厚度2.8mm的钢管;
(14)切除钢管一端上的头子,切除头子时连带切除至钢管端部空拔印痕后2cm以内,从而将头子和空拔部分一起切下;
(15)将钢管平均一切为二;
(16)对钢管进行退火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:预热一区:680±50℃,预热二区:800±30℃,加热一区:820±30℃,加热二区:820±30℃,均热一区:800±20℃,均热二区:800±20℃;钢管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行空冷,钢管在各个加热区的加热时间为:预热一区:4.28±0.5min,预热二区:4.28±0.5min,加热一区:4.28±0.5min,加热二区:3.21±0.5min,均热一区:2.14±0.5min,均热二区:3.21±0.5min;
(17)钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(18)在冷轧轧头机上对钢管进行打头,从而得到一端带头子的钢管,头子的直径为16 ±1mm,头子长度为130±20mm;
(19)在三线拉拔机上采用φ19苏式外模和拉拔芯棒对钢管进行第四次拉拔,由于拉拔芯棒的外侧壁上设置有螺纹沟槽;从而能拉拔得到尺寸为外径19.04×厚度2.2mm的带内螺纹的换热管;拉拔时,拉拔速度为2.5~3m/min;
(20)对换热管进行正火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个温度逐步升高的加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:一区:750±60℃,二区:800±40℃,三区:820±30℃,四区:840±20℃,五区:870±20℃,六区:890±20℃;换热管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行风冷,风冷至150±10℃,换热管在各个加热区的加热时间为:一区:3.4±0.5min,二区:3.4±0.5min,三区:3.1±0.5min,四区:2.78±0.5min,五区:3.82±0.5min,六区:3.82±0.5min;
(21)换热管放置24小时后在矫直机上进行矫直,矫直速度为570±50mm/s,矫直后换热管外径需达到19.02mm;
(22)切除换热管一端上的头子和空拔部分、及尾部不良部分;
(23) 对换热管进行ET、UT探伤;
(24)分别对换热管两端上的盲区进行切除,切除长度为200±20mm,然后对换热管进行定切,从而得到所需长度的换热管。
进一步的,前述的小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其中:圆钢坯料采用淮钢坯料。
进一步的,前述的小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其中:步进式加热炉中用于助燃的风机压力为5500±200Pa。
进一步的,前述的小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其中:步骤四中:穿孔的终轧温度≥900℃。
进一步的,前述的小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其中:步骤五中:打头温度≥700℃。
本发明的优点为:采用本发明所述的加工工艺能批量生产得到外径19×厚度2mm的内螺纹换热管,该内螺纹换热管的机械性能能达到如下要求:抗拉强度420~560MPa,屈服强度≥270MPa,延伸≥25%,通过扩口使换热管一端外径扩大到21.3mm时目视需无裂纹,压扁至12.2mm时目视需无裂纹,均满足GB150-2011、NB/T47019-2011。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,工艺步骤如下:
(1)准备圆钢坯料,圆钢坯料采用淮钢坯料,圆钢坯料的钢号为09MnD、直径尺寸为φ50mm、长度9m、Akv/-50℃≥50J;
(2)将9m圆钢坯料在剪断机上剪断成段,从而得到一段段等长的圆钢,每根圆钢长度为1070mm;
(3)采用步进式加热炉对圆钢进行加热,步进式加热炉从头到尾依次划分有三个温度逐步升高的加热区,三个加热区依次分别为:加热一区:930℃,加热二区:1150℃,均热区:1250℃;圆钢从步进式加热炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从步进式加热炉的出料口离开,其中圆钢在各个加热区的加热时间为:加热一区:13min,加热二区:8min,均热区:6.45min;步进式加热炉中用于助燃的风机压力为5500Pa;
(4)圆钢出炉后马上在穿孔机组上进行穿孔,从而得到钢管,钢管的尺寸为外径52×厚度4.6mm,穿孔机组上设置有两个左右排布的轧辊和两个上下排布的导板,轧辊由圆柱段和位于圆柱段前方的圆台段同轴连接而成,圆柱段和圆台段大端的直径相等,并且圆柱段与圆台段大端相连接,在两个导板上分别设置一个导向槽,两个导向槽上下相对布置,两个轧辊上的两个圆柱段之间的间隙即为两个轧辊的辊距,辊距为42.5mm,两个导向槽的直径均为φ50mm,采用φ39mm的顶头对圆钢进行穿孔,顶头顶端从前向后伸进两个轧辊之间的长度为185mm,穿孔时,圆钢从后向前从两个轧辊和两个导板之间穿过,两个导向槽对圆钢进行前后导向,两个轧辊会旋转,从而在圆钢穿孔前对圆钢外圆进行轧制,圆钢经过两个圆柱段之间后会被顶头顶住端部而进行穿孔;穿孔的终轧温度≥900℃;
(5)在缩管机上对钢管进行打头,从而得到一端带头子的钢管,头子的直径为32mm,头子长度为130mm;打头温度≥700℃;
(6)钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(7)在45吨拉拔机上采用φ42苏式外模和φ34苏式内模对钢管进行第一次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径42×厚度4mm的钢管;拉拔时,拉拔机上的拉拔小车通过咬住钢管一端上的头子来拉拔钢管;
(8)拉拔完后,钢管进行磷化皂化处理,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~80℃,磷化时间40~60分钟;经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(9)在45吨拉拔机上采用φ36苏式外模和φ29.6苏式内模对钢管进行第二次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径35.9×厚度3.25mm的钢管;
(10)在冷轧轧头机上钢管一端上的头子进行改头,改头后头子直径为24mm,头子长度为180mm;
(11)对钢管进行退火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:预热一区:680℃,预热二区:800℃,加热一区:820℃,加热二区:820℃,均热一区:800℃,均热二区:800℃;钢管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行空冷,钢管在各个加热区的加热时间为:预热一区:4.5min,预热二区:4.5min,加热一区:4.5min,加热二区:3.375min,均热一区:2.25min,均热二区:3.375min;
(12) 钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(13)在45吨拉拔机上采用φ27苏式外模和φ21.4苏式内模对钢管进行第三次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径26.9×厚度2.8mm的钢管;
(14)切除钢管一端上的头子,切除头子时连带切除至钢管端部空拔印痕后2cm以内,从而将头子和空拔部分一起切下;
(15)将钢管平均一切为二;
(16)对钢管进行退火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:预热一区:680℃,预热二区:800℃,加热一区:820℃,加热二区:820℃,均热一区:800℃,均热二区:800℃;钢管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行空冷,钢管在各个加热区的加热时间为:预热一区:4.28min,预热二区:4.28min,加热一区:4.28min,加热二区:3.21min,均热一区:2.14min,均热二区:3.21min;
(17)钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(18)在冷轧轧头机上对钢管进行打头,从而得到一端带头子的钢管,头子的直径为16 mm,头子长度为130mm;
(19)在三线拉拔机上采用φ19苏式外模和拉拔芯棒对钢管进行第四次拉拔,由于拉拔芯棒的外侧壁上设置有螺纹沟槽;从而能拉拔得到尺寸为外径19.04×厚度2.2mm的带内螺纹的换热管;拉拔时,拉拔速度为2.7m/min;
(20)对换热管进行正火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个温度逐步升高的加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:一区:750℃,二区:800℃,三区:820℃,四区:840℃,五区:870℃,六区:890℃;换热管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行风冷,风冷至150℃,换热管在各个加热区的加热时间为:一区:3.4min,二区:3.4min,三区:3.1min,四区:2.78min,五区:3.82min,六区:3.82min;
(21)换热管放置24小时后在矫直机上进行矫直,矫直速度为570mm/s,矫直后换热管外径需达到19.02mm;
(22)切除换热管一端上的头子和空拔部分、及尾部不良部分;
(23)对换热管进行ET、UT探伤;
(24)分别对换热管两端上的盲区进行切除,切除长度为200mm,然后对换热管进行定切,从而得到所需长度为6000mm的换热管。

Claims (5)

1.小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其特征在于:工艺步骤如下:
(1)准备圆钢坯料,圆钢坯料的钢号为09MnD、直径尺寸为φ50mm、Akv/-50℃≥50J;
(2)将圆钢坯料在剪断机上剪断成段,从而得到一段段等长的圆钢;
(3)采用步进式加热炉对圆钢进行加热,步进式加热炉从头到尾依次划分有三个温度逐步升高的加热区,三个加热区依次分别为:加热一区:930±50℃,加热二区:1150±30℃,均热区:1250±20℃;圆钢从步进式加热炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从步进式加热炉的出料口离开,其中圆钢在各个加热区的加热时间为:加热一区:13±1min,加热二区:8±1min,均热区:6.45±1min;
(4)圆钢出炉后马上在穿孔机组上进行穿孔,从而得到钢管,钢管的尺寸为外径52×厚度4.6mm,穿孔机组上设置有两个左右排布的轧辊和两个上下排布的导板,轧辊由圆柱段和位于圆柱段前方的圆台段同轴连接而成,圆柱段和圆台段大端的直径相等,并且圆柱段与圆台段大端相连接,在两个导板上分别设置一个导向槽,两个导向槽上下相对布置,两个轧辊上的两个圆柱段之间的间隙即为两个轧辊的辊距,辊距为42.5mm,两个导向槽的直径均为φ50mm,采用φ39mm的顶头对圆钢进行穿孔,顶头顶端从前向后伸进两个轧辊之间的长度为185mm,穿孔时,圆钢从后向前从两个轧辊和两个导板之间穿过,两个导向槽对圆钢进行前后导向,两个轧辊会旋转,从而在圆钢穿孔前对圆钢外圆进行轧制,圆钢经过两个圆柱段之间后会被顶头顶住端部而进行穿孔;
(5)在缩管机上对钢管进行打头,从而得到一端带头子的钢管,头子的直径为32±2mm,头子长度为130±20mm;
(6)钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(7)在45吨拉拔机上采用φ42苏式外模和φ34苏式内模对钢管进行第一次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径42×厚度4mm的钢管;拉拔时,拉拔机上的拉拔小车通过咬住钢管一端上的头子来拉拔钢管;
(8)拉拔完后,钢管进行磷化皂化处理,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~80℃,磷化时间40~60分钟;经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(9)在45吨拉拔机上采用φ36苏式外模和φ29.6苏式内模对钢管进行第二次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径35.9×厚度3.25mm的钢管;
(10)在冷轧轧头机上钢管一端上的头子进行改头,改头后头子直径为24±2mm,头子长度为180±10mm;
(11)对钢管进行退火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:预热一区:680±50℃,预热二区:800±30℃,加热一区:820±30℃,加热二区:820±30℃,均热一区:800±20℃,均热二区:800±20℃;钢管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行空冷,钢管在各个加热区的加热时间为:预热一区:4.5±0.5min,预热二区:4.5±0.5min,加热一区:4.5±0.5min,加热二区:3.375±0.5min,均热一区:2.25±0.5min,均热二区:3.375±0.5min;
(12)钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(13)在45吨拉拔机上采用φ27苏式外模和φ21.4苏式内模对钢管进行第三次拉拔,从而得到尺寸为外径26.9×厚度2.8mm的钢管;
(14)切除钢管一端上的头子,切除头子时连带切除至钢管端部空拔印痕后2cm以内,从而将头子和空拔部分一起切下;
(15)将钢管平均一切为二;
(16)对钢管进行退火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:预热一区:680±50℃,预热二区:800±30℃,加热一区:820±30℃,加热二区:820±30℃,均热一区:800±20℃,均热二区:800±20℃;钢管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行空冷,钢管在各个加热区的加热时间为:预热一区:4.28±0.5min,预热二区:4.28±0.5min,加热一区:4.28±0.5min,加热二区:3.21±0.5min,均热一区:2.14±0.5min,均热二区:3.21±0.5min;
(17)钢管放置24小时后进行酸洗磷化皂化处理,酸洗:硫酸浓度3%~16%,硫酸中硫酸亚铁含量≤280g/L,酸缸温度40℃~60℃,酸洗时间30~50分钟;经过清水缸清洁后磷化,磷化液总酸度15drop~45drop,游离酸度0.3drop~1.5drop,磷化缸温度60℃~75℃,磷化时间20~40分钟;再经过清水缸清洁后皂化,皂化缸PH值为7.5~9,皂化缸温度60℃~80℃,皂化时间6~10分钟;
(18)在冷轧轧头机上对钢管进行打头,从而得到一端带头子的钢管,头子的直径为16±1mm,头子长度为130±20mm;
(19)在三线拉拔机上采用φ19苏式外模和拉拔芯棒对钢管进行第四次拉拔,由于拉拔芯棒的外侧壁上设置有螺纹沟槽;从而能拉拔得到尺寸为外径19.04×厚度2.2mm的带内螺纹的换热管;拉拔时,拉拔速度为2.5~3m/min;
(20)对换热管进行正火热处理,该热处理炉从头到尾依次划分有六个温度逐步升高的加热区,六个加热区依次分别为:一区:750±60℃,二区:800±40℃,三区:820±30℃,四区:840±20℃,五区:870±20℃,六区:890±20℃;换热管从热处理炉进料口进入,然后依次经过各个加热区加热后,再从热处理炉的出料口离开进行风冷,风冷至150±10℃,换热管在各个加热区的加热时间为:一区:3.4±0.5min,二区:3.4±0.5min,三区:3.1±0.5min,四区:2.78±0.5min,五区:3.82±0.5min,六区:3.82±0.5min;
(21)换热管放置24小时后在矫直机上进行矫直,矫直速度为570±50mm/s,矫直后换热管外径需达到19.02mm;
(22)切除换热管一端上的头子和空拔部分、及尾部不良部分;
(23)对换热管进行ET、UT探伤;
(24)分别对换热管两端上的盲区进行切除,切除长度为200±20mm,然后对换热管进行定切,从而得到所需长度的换热管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其特征在于:圆钢坯料采用淮钢坯料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其特征在于:步进式加热炉中用于助燃的风机压力为5500±200Pa。
4.根据权利要求1所述的小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其特征在于:步骤四中:穿孔的终轧温度≥900℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的小口径碳素高效冷凝内螺纹换热管的加工工艺,其特征在于:步骤五中:打头温度≥700℃。
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