CN112689028B - Method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485, which is provided with a host device and a plurality of slave devices, wherein the host device and the slave devices are in communication connection based on RS485 communication standard, and the method comprises the following steps: step S1: the host equipment issues a search command to search whether the slave equipment with the unallocated address exists: if yes, turning to step S2; if not, returning to the step S1; step S2: the host equipment issues an address message including address information to indicate that the slave equipment which is not allocated with an address occupies the address information; and step S3: and after receiving the feedback information of the only slave equipment for preempting the address information, the master equipment allocates the address information to the slave equipment. The method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 greatly reduces the cost of workers, improves the production efficiency and realizes intelligent testing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a method for automatically distributing addresses based on RS 485.
Background
RS-485 is a standard defined to balance the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers in digital multipoint systems, defined by the telecommunications industry association and the electronics industry consortium, and digital communication networks using this standard can efficiently transmit signals under long-distance conditions and in environments where electrical noise is high. RS-485 enables the configuration of connecting local networks and multi-drop communication links. In the RS-485 communication network, a master-slave communication mode is generally adopted, that is, one master carries a plurality of slaves.
In the prior art, the number of slave machines and the addresses of the slave machines are generally known in advance before the RS-485 host is accessed, and then the communication with the slave machine equipment can be realized through external software or self key liquid crystal setting, the addresses of the slave machines cannot be repeated, and if the addresses are repeated, the communication with the equipment cannot be realized; one slave is added, and the host needs to reset the added slave addresses and the number of the slaves; in the prior art, the RS-485 slave generally needs to be set through external software before being connected into an RS-485 network, and can be communicated with a host by operating the liquid crystal setting of a key of the slave or configuring an RS-485 slave address through a sampling hardware dial switch.
In the prior art, under the conditions that a single chip microcomputer downloads a program, an address is not set, and no operation is performed, a plurality of equipment slave machines cannot communicate on an RS485 bus, because no address exists or the addresses are the same, sent data can conflict, and normal communication cannot be realized; to complete RS-485 communication according to the prior art, the normal communication can be realized only by setting host parameters and slave addresses, so the communication can be realized only by manual operation; in the application process, a lot of labor cost is increased, and the intelligent test purpose cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the aim of intelligent testing cannot be fulfilled when RS-485 communication is finished in the prior art, the invention provides a method for realizing automatic address distribution based on RS 485.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is to provide a method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485, which is provided with a host device and a plurality of slave devices, wherein the host device and the slave devices are in communication connection based on RS485 communication standard, and the method comprises the following steps: step S1: the host equipment issues a search command to search whether the slave equipment with the unallocated address exists: if yes, turning to step S2; if not, returning to the step S1; step S2: the host equipment issues an address message including address information to indicate that the slave equipment which is not allocated with an address occupies the address information; and step S3: after receiving the feedback information of the only slave device that preempts the address information, the master device allocates the address information to the slave device, and then returns to step S2, and then sends the address packet including another address information until all the slave devices are allocated addresses, and then returns to step S1.
Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes: step S11, the host device regularly monitors whether serial port interrupt information is received: if yes, judging that the slave equipment with unallocated addresses exists currently, and then turning to the step S2; if not, judging that no slave device with an unallocated address exists currently, and then returning to the step S11.
Preferably, in step S2, the process of preempting address information by each slave device specifically includes: step S21, the host equipment issues the address message; step S22, after receiving the address packet, the slave device detects whether the address information included in the address packet has been preempted: if so, the slave device labels the address information and does not receive the address message which is possibly sent subsequently and is associated with the labeled address information; if not, the slave equipment replies the feedback information to the host equipment; when the host device receives the feedback information, the process goes to step S3.
Preferably, in the step S22, the method for the slave device to detect whether the address information included in the address packet has been preempted includes: the slave device detects the pin state of the RXD pin of the slave device: if the RXD pin is pulled low, judging that the address information is preempted; and if the RXD pin is not pulled low, judging that the address information is not preempted.
Preferably, in step S22, the slave device receives the address packet by a hardware frame-break detection mode.
Preferably, the step S3 specifically includes: step S31, the host device receives the feedback information; step S32, the host device performs data verification on the feedback information: if the data check is not passed, returning to the step S2 to control the host equipment to resend the address message containing the same address information; if the data passes the data verification, the step S33 is turned to; step S33, a counter is arranged in the host device, the count of the counter is increased by 1, and then the step S2 is returned to control the host device to resend the address message containing the same address information, and the step S34 is turned to after the count value of the counter reaches a preset first threshold value; step S34, the master device determines that the feedback information is verified correctly, then allocates the address information included in the address packet to the slave device corresponding to the feedback information, and then returns to step S2, and then sends the address packet including another address information until all the slave devices are allocated with addresses, and then returns to step S1.
Preferably, in step S33, the preset first threshold is 5 times.
Preferably, in step S3, the method for determining whether all the slave devices are assigned addresses includes: after the host device issues the address message, if any feedback information is not received within a preset time period, the host device judges that all the slave devices are allocated with addresses; and after the master device judges that all the slave devices are assigned with addresses, the master device records the number of the slave devices of the currently assigned addresses.
Preferably, the method further includes a process of clearing the abnormal address information, specifically: step A1, the host equipment detects the feedback state of the message issued to each address during the normal working period; step A2, if the error times of the feedback states corresponding to the same address exceed a preset second threshold value, the host device issues an address clearing command to the slave device corresponding to the address; and step A3, after receiving the address clearing command, the slave equipment clears the address of the slave equipment and marks the address as an unallocated address state.
Compared with the prior art, the method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 adopts an RS485 automatic address allocation method, the host can automatically identify the number of the slave machines, then allocates addresses to the slave machines, and at any time, one slave machine is added to a bus, so that the host can identify and allocate addresses; the slave equipment is put on the RS485 bus after only downloading the program, so that the address can be automatically allocated, and the address is not required to be manually set through external software or key liquid crystal; greatly reduce the cost of workers, improve the production efficiency and realize intelligent testing. The method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 realizes an automatic and intelligent address allocation mode, has significance for intelligent testing, and has significance in the fields of batch automatic meter calibration automatic testing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a method for automatically allocating addresses based on RS485 according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for automatically allocating addresses based on RS 485;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of step S2 of a method for implementing automatic address allocation based on RS485 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of step S3 of the method for automatically allocating addresses according to the invention based on RS 485;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of clearing abnormal address information in a method for automatically allocating an address based on RS485 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, according to the method for automatically allocating addresses based on RS485 of the present invention, a host device and a plurality of slave devices are provided, the host device and the slave devices are in communication connection based on an RS485 communication standard, a bus of the RS485 communication standard includes two lines a and B, one host device and N slave devices are connected to the line a and the line B, and the host device allocates addresses to each slave device by an automatic address allocation method.
In order to realize automatic address allocation, the following technologies are mainly adopted:
by adopting a special communication protocol, the host needs to realize several functions, firstly: whether an unallocated address exists or not is inquired through a command, and timely discovery can be realized when new equipment exists; secondly, the method comprises the following steps: clearing addresses through commands for reallocating all addresses or special addresses; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the addresses are preempted through commands, and the slave equipment which is not allocated with addresses needs to preempt the addresses after receiving the commands according to the priority order; who preempted to whom; fourthly: setting an address through a command, and setting the address into the equipment when the unique equipment seizes the address;
the slave needs to implement several functions, the first: after receiving the host clear address, clearing the address of the host; secondly, the method comprises the following steps: when the slave computer knows that the address needs to be robbed, the slave computer monitors the RXD port and the serial port interrupt receiving area of the slave computer, so that whether the equipment robbes the address can be known at the fastest speed, whether the equipment robbes the address can be known at a subtle time, and the address can be quickly responded due to the clock error of the single chip computer; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: when you are not assigned addresses, the host needs to reply in time when inquiring.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: the host equipment issues a search command to search whether the slave equipment with the unallocated address exists:
if yes, turning to step S2;
if not, returning to the step S1;
the step S1 specifically includes:
step S11, the host device regularly monitors whether serial port interrupt information is received:
if yes, judging that the slave equipment with the unallocated address exists currently, and then turning to the step S2;
if not, judging that no slave device with an unallocated address exists currently, and then returning to the step S11.
Specifically, if the serial port interrupt does not receive any information, it indicates that no unallocated address exists; if the serial port receives the information in the interrupt, the data content does not need to be managed (the data conflict and the data are disordered because a plurality of slave devices possibly reply because the addresses are not allocated), and the host needs to allocate the address information subsequently as long as the information is received to indicate that the addresses are not allocated; the command can realize timely discovery of new equipment information, and the slave equipment can only reply the command under the condition of not allocating addresses.
Step S2: the host equipment issues an address message including address information to indicate that the slave equipment which is not allocated with an address occupies the address information;
in step S2, the process of preempting address information for each slave device specifically includes:
step S21, the host equipment issues the address message;
step S22, the slave device receives the address packet in a hardware frame break detection manner, and after receiving the address packet, the slave device detects whether the address information included in the address packet has been preempted:
if so, the slave device labels the address information and does not receive the address message which is possibly sent subsequently and is associated with the labeled address information;
if not, the slave equipment replies the feedback information to the host equipment; when the host device receives the feedback information, the process goes to step S3.
In step S22, the method for the slave device to detect whether the address information included in the address packet has been preempted includes:
the slave device detects the pin state of the RXD pin of the slave device:
if the RXD pin is pulled low, judging that the address information is preempted;
and if the RXD pin is not pulled low, judging that the address information is not preempted.
Specifically, the host assigns addresses by command: the host sends a message with address allocation information, the slave equipment judges whether the slave equipment allocates an address and whether the address is labeled or not after receiving the message, and if the address is not allocated and not labeled, the slave equipment starts to preempt the address; after the slave equipment receives an address allocation command (a hardware frame-breaking mode is proposed), monitoring an RXD (received signal strength indicator) pin (at least one byte time is monitored) to see whether equipment replies information or not, if the RXD is pulled down, indicating that the equipment is preferentially preempted, marking that the address is preempted by people, and when the master equipment issues the address allocation command, not replying;
if RXD is not pulled down, replying the message; when the host allocates the address, a plurality of slave address replies may be received, the data is definitely disordered, and when the data is found to be disordered, the data is checked to be wrong; the host continues to issue the allocation command of the address, the slave continues to rob and mark the address until five times of data check are correct, which indicates that only one device replies at the moment, and other unallocated addresses are marked with the address and do not reply the command any more.
And step S3: after receiving feedback information of the only slave device preempting the address information, the master device allocates the address information to the slave device, and then returns to step S2, sends the address packet including another address information until all the slave devices are allocated with addresses, and then returns to step S1.
The step S3 specifically includes:
step S31, the host device receives the feedback information;
step S32, the host device performs data verification on the feedback information:
if the data check is not passed, returning to the step S2 to control the host equipment to resend the address message containing the same address information;
if the data passes the data verification, the step S33 is turned to;
step S33, a counter is arranged in the host device, the count of the counter is increased by 1, and then the step S2 is returned to control the host device to resend the address message containing the same address information, and the step S34 is turned to after the count value of the counter reaches a preset first threshold value; in step S33, the preset first threshold is 5 times;
step S34, the master device determines that the feedback information is verified correctly, then allocates the address information included in the address packet to the slave device corresponding to the feedback information, and then returns to step S2, and then sends the address packet including another address information until all the slave devices are allocated addresses, and then returns to step S1.
Specifically, after the reply of the correctly allocated address command is received five times continuously, the host issues the address command; having the uniquely replied slave set to this address; completing the address allocation; due to clock errors of the single chip microcomputer, the time difference exists between each reply message, and by utilizing the time difference, the address task can be preempted; there may be several devices that reply at the same time but the time difference is pulled up as long as the host sends it many times.
In step S3, the method of determining whether all the slave devices are assigned addresses includes: after the host device issues the address message, if any feedback information is not received within a preset time period, the host device judges that all the slave devices are allocated with addresses; and after the master device judges that all the slave devices are assigned with addresses, the master device records the number of the slave devices with the addresses currently assigned.
And step S4: sequentially allocating addresses according to the step S2 and the step S3, and until no reply exists after an address allocation command is issued, indicating that the address allocation is finished, recording the number of slave devices, and periodically issuing a query command; after the address is distributed, if a certain address message is found to be frequently wrong, a command for clearing the address can be issued, the address can be distributed again, the slave equipment clears the address after receiving the address clearing command, and the equipment which does not distribute the address is marked; therefore, address repetition can still be identified and reallocated.
The process of clearing the abnormal address information specifically includes:
step A1, the host equipment detects the feedback state of the message issued to each address during the normal working period;
step A2, if the error frequency of the feedback state corresponding to the same address exceeds a preset second threshold value, the host device issues an address clearing command to the slave device corresponding to the address;
and step A3, after receiving the address clearing command, the slave equipment clears the address of the slave equipment and marks the address as an unallocated address state.
Specifically, after downloading a program, the host accesses an RS485 bus, polls a search command at regular time, searches for an unallocated address, and quickly issues an address preemption command after finding an unallocated address slave; after receiving the preemption command, the slave starts to preempt and reply, detects RXD and serial port interruption before replying the message, and judges whether equipment replies before the slave, if so, marks the address, and does not reply after receiving the address preemption message in the later period; if no equipment seizing is found, replying a message to the host; until the host has the device set to this address; the method is mainly based on clock errors among equipment, and achieves the purpose of preemption through time difference; perhaps one frame and two frames cannot achieve the effect, but a plurality of frames are distinguished; in order to ensure high sensitivity, RXD needs to be monitored, so that the effect of US level can be basically achieved; experiments prove that the effect can be realized by basically two or three frames; in order to avoid repeated addresses or sudden increase of slave addresses, a function of deleting addresses is designed; finding frequent errors, can be redistributed; in production, after the address is allocated, the fixed ID can be written in, and the manual operation is avoided according to the sequential writing; the specific operation flow can be expanded by itself; after the address is allocated, the host can monitor the running state of the slave equipment at any time, and can report errors or report the errors to the server when finding out abnormal conditions.
Communication message format:
| message header | Address | Command | And checking |
| 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte |
Step S1: and (3) query command:
the host issues:
| message header | Address | Command | And checking |
| Ox68 | 0XFF | 0x01 | 0x68 |
And (3) recovering from the slave:
| message header | Address | Command | And checking |
| Ox68 | 0XFF | 0x81 | 0xE8 |
Remarking: the host inquires whether an unallocated address command exists or not, and a broadcast address 0XFF is adopted; the slave replies to the command if no address is allocated. The host does not need to judge whether the data is correct as long as judging whether the data exists; the presence of data indicates the presence of an unassigned address.
Step S2: preemption address command:
the host issues:
| message header | Address | Command | And checking |
| Ox68 | Setting an address | 0x02 | sum |
And (3) recovering from the slave:
| message header | Address | Command | And checking |
| Ox68 | Setting an address | 0x82 | sum |
Remarking: the host issues an address preemption command, all slave devices which are not allocated with addresses are not marked with the addresses, and the message is replied; if the RXD is monitored and the equipment preferentially replies, marking the address as occupied by a person; and not replying at the later stage.
And step S3: setting an address command:
the host issues:
| message header | Address | Command | And schoolTest (experiment) |
| Ox68 | Setting an address | 0x03 | sum |
And (3) recovering from the slave:
| message header | Address | Command | And checking |
| Ox68 | Setting an address | 0x83 | sum |
The host machine issues an address setting command, slave equipment without an address is not allocated and the address is not marked, the message is replied and the address is set as the equipment address;
and step S4: clear address command:
issuing by the host:
and (3) recovering from the slave:
remarking: the host machine issues an address clearing command, if the command is broadcast, all the devices clear the slave devices with the addresses changed into the unallocated addresses; if not, the corresponding address is cleared.
In summary, the problem that after the program is downloaded from the equipment, the address can be automatically allocated without any operation is solved; the host can intelligently identify the number of the slaves, automatically allocate addresses and automatically reallocate the addresses if the addresses are repeated.
Compared with the prior art, the method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 adopts an RS485 automatic address allocation method, the host can automatically identify the number of the slave machines, then allocates addresses to the slave machines, and at any time, one slave machine is added to a bus, so that the host can identify and allocate addresses; the slave equipment is put on the RS485 bus after only downloading the program, so that the address can be automatically allocated, and the address is not required to be manually set through external software or key liquid crystal; greatly reduce the cost of workers, improve the production efficiency and realize intelligent testing. The method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 realizes an automatic and intelligent address allocation mode, has significance for intelligent testing, and has significance in the fields of batch automatic meter calibration automatic testing and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 is characterized in that a host device and a plurality of slave devices are arranged, the host device and the slave devices are in communication connection based on RS485 communication standard, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the host equipment issues a search command to search whether the slave equipment with the unallocated address exists:
if yes, turning to step S2;
if not, returning to the step S1;
step S2: the host equipment issues an address message including address information to indicate that the slave equipment which is not allocated with an address occupies the address information;
and step S3: after receiving feedback information of the only slave device preempting the address information, the master device allocates the address information to the slave device, and then returns to step S2, sends the address packet including another address information until all the slave devices are allocated with addresses, and then returns to step S1;
the step S1 specifically includes:
step S11, the host device regularly monitors whether serial port interrupt information is received:
if yes, the host device does not check the data content of the information, directly judges that the slave device with the unallocated address exists currently, and then turns to the step S2;
if not, judging that no slave device with an unallocated address exists currently, and then returning to the step S11.
2. The method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the process of preempting address information for each slave device specifically includes:
step S21, the host equipment issues the address message;
step S22, after receiving the address packet, the slave device detects whether the address information included in the address packet is preempted: if so, the slave equipment marks the address information and does not receive the address message which is possibly sent subsequently and is associated with the marked address information;
if not, the slave equipment replies the feedback information to the host equipment;
when the host device receives the feedback information, the process goes to step S3.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S22, the method for the slave device to detect whether the address information included in the address packet has been preempted includes:
the slave device detects the pin state of the RXD pin of the slave device:
if the RXD pin is pulled low, judging that the address information is preempted;
and if the RXD pin is not pulled low, judging that the address information is not preempted.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S22, the slave device receives the address packet through hardware frame-breaking detection.
5. The method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically includes:
step S31, the host device receives the feedback information;
step S32, the host device performs data verification on the feedback information: if the data check is not passed, returning to the step S2 to control the host equipment to resend the address message comprising the same address information;
if the data passes the data verification, the step S33 is turned to;
step S33, a counter is arranged in the host device, the count of the counter is increased by 1, and then the step S2 is returned to control the host device to resend the address message containing the same address information, and the step S34 is turned to after the count value of the counter reaches a preset first threshold value;
step S34, the master device determines that the feedback information is verified correctly, then allocates the address information included in the address packet to the slave device corresponding to the feedback information, and then returns to step S2, and then sends the address packet including another address information until all the slave devices are allocated addresses, and then returns to step S1.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S33, the preset first threshold is 5 times.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S3 of determining whether all the slave devices are assigned addresses includes: after the host device issues the address message, if any feedback information is not received within a preset time period, the host device judges that all the slave devices are allocated with addresses; and
after the master device judges that all the slave devices are assigned with addresses, the master device records the number of the slave devices of which the addresses are currently assigned.
8. The method for realizing automatic address allocation based on RS485 according to claim 1, further comprising a process of clearing abnormal address information, specifically:
step A1, the host equipment detects the feedback state of the message issued to each address during the normal working period;
step A2, if the error frequency of the feedback state corresponding to the same address exceeds a preset second threshold value, the host device issues an address clearing command to the slave device corresponding to the address;
and step A3, after receiving the address clearing command, the slave equipment clears the address of the slave equipment and marks the address as an unallocated address state.
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| CN113852699B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-09-02 | 依米康软件技术(深圳)有限责任公司 | System and method for automatically distributing bus address |
| CN113949628B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2024-04-26 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Automatic equipment adding method and system |
| CN113938471A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-14 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Automatic adding method, device, system, equipment and storage medium of equipment |
| CN114238189B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-01-30 | 浙江灵鹿智能科技有限公司 | Method, device and system for automatically distributing addresses |
| CN114401250A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-26 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Address allocation method and device |
| CN115314470A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-11-08 | 广东南控云图科技有限公司 | RS-485 networking communication address automatic allocation method, host, slave and system |
| CN117135142B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-02-06 | 浙江大学 | Address allocation device and method for performance test of flexible production line of electric automobile motor |
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