CN111147619A - Method and system for realizing automatic address allocation of RS485 slave equipment locally - Google Patents
Method and system for realizing automatic address allocation of RS485 slave equipment locally Download PDFInfo
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- CN111147619A CN111147619A CN201911335335.8A CN201911335335A CN111147619A CN 111147619 A CN111147619 A CN 111147619A CN 201911335335 A CN201911335335 A CN 201911335335A CN 111147619 A CN111147619 A CN 111147619A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5038—Address allocation for local use, e.g. in LAN or USB networks, or in a controller area network [CAN]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5069—Address allocation for group communication, multicast communication or broadcast communication
Abstract
A method and a system for realizing automatic address allocation of RS485 slave equipment locally are provided. The method comprises the following steps: the host device issues an address allocation instruction to a group of slave devices; the slave equipment acquires the random number, waits for an interval time and returns the random number, the local number and the group number to which the slave equipment belongs; the host equipment checks the random number and the local number, determines the group address and the local address after no error, and sends the group address and the local address to the slave equipment, if the group address and the local address are successful, the next slave equipment of the group to be processed repeatedly executes the steps, and if all the slave equipment in the group are successfully distributed, the next group is replaced to repeatedly execute the steps. The method is simple to operate and implement, can modify and cut the specific method flow according to the actual situation, can really realize localization, does not need background remote check records, and reduces the debugging of field personnel and the participation of background technicians.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic communication engineering application, and particularly relates to a method and a system for locally realizing automatic allocation of a group address and a local address of RS485 slave equipment.
Background
The RS485 communication bus has the characteristics of strong common-mode interference resistance, capability of realizing multi-party parallel communication on site, long signal transmission distance and the like, and is widely applied to the field of engineering wired communication.
In a communication system, a master carries out grouping and independent query functions on each slave device, and an RS485 device is required to have grouping and independent address attributes. The general practice is as follows:
and (4) hardware configuration. There may be 2 cases: (a) independent RS485 communication is carried out on each group, an RS485 communication port is expanded, communication between the host and the slave equipment is carried out in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and extra requirements are provided for hardware chips, external wiring cost and space required by a circuit board; (b) selecting a dial switch; the field personnel are easy to operate and implement, but the defects are that the shell is generally required to be disassembled for configuration, and the dial switch is also easy to be damaged by external force, so that unnecessary troubles are caused.
And (4) software configuration. Each device is configured with a separate group address and local address. If the equipment appearance is the same, site operation, and it is difficult to require that constructors strictly install according to the equipment factory number, the equipment data plate number also may damage, but if a certain equipment in the group breaks down, it is unfavorable for the site to know the address of the faulty equipment.
In the prior art, the response time is set according to the ID number, but the interval time is too long. In the prior art, a method for realizing automatic address allocation of the RS485 equipment through a background is also provided, the background is required to intervene, and the method does not get rid of the intervention of field recording and address allocation technicians essentially. This method also has two disadvantages: (1) on-site record feedback is needed, and each record needs to be set independently, so that on-site human intervention is increased, and the requirement on the site is improved; (2) parameters which are set according to the field needs are given to a background manager for operation and processing, so that a communication link is added, and the required support is high; each device also needs to have clear statistical recording parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a method for locally implementing automatic allocation of a group address and a local address of an RS485 slave device, so as to at least partially solve the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, as one aspect of the present invention, a method for implementing automatic address allocation of a slave device on an RS485 device is provided, including the following steps:
step 1: the host equipment responds to the process program of the address allocation and determines one group as a group to be processed in all the groups;
step 2: the host equipment issues an address allocation instruction to one slave equipment of the group to be processed;
if the host equipment continuously sends command frames for a specified number of times and the slave equipment does not have effective data frame feedback, the group to be processed is considered to have no slave equipment, the next group is determined to be the group to be processed, and the step 2 is executed again, and if no next group exists, the program is ended;
the slave equipment responds to the address allocation flow program, acquires a random number, waits for an interval time, and returns the random number, the local number and the group number to which the slave equipment belongs;
and step 3: the host equipment stores the fed-back random number, compares the random number with the fed-back random number if the random number is stored in the host equipment, and executes the step 2 again if the two random numbers are consistent;
the host equipment compares the fed back local numbers with a plurality of pre-stored local numbers, and if all the local numbers cannot be matched, the program is ended and a warning is given;
and 4, step 4: the host device determines a corresponding group address and a local address according to the fed back local number and the group identification number to which the local number belongs, sends a command frame of the group address and the local address to the slave device, and the slave device receives and stores the corresponding address and returns a data frame with successful address allocation to the host device;
if the host equipment does not receive the effective feedback of the slave equipment within a certain time, the slave equipment considers that the address allocation is unsuccessful, responds to a new address allocation instruction, and returns to execute the step 2 again;
and 5: and after receiving the address allocation success data frame, the host device issues an address allocation instruction to the next slave device of the group to be processed and continues to execute the step 2, and if all the slave devices in the group to be processed successfully complete address allocation, the next group is determined to be the group to be processed and the step 2 is executed again.
As another aspect of the present invention, a system for implementing automatic address allocation of a slave device on an RS485 device is further provided, including:
the master device is provided with an interface which is used for being in communication connection with a plurality of slave devices which are connected in parallel through an RS485 protocol;
the control unit of the master device stores a program for executing the method so as to realize the automatic address allocation of the slave devices.
Based on the above technical solution, the method and system for automatically allocating addresses of the present invention have at least one of the following advantages over the prior art:
(1) the operation is simple to implement; when the slave equipment is increased, decreased and replaced in field installation, a worker only needs to connect lines according to the group type, an automatic address allocation mode is started, and the system automatically allocates addresses;
(2) the system can modify and cut the flow of the method according to the actual situation so as to meet different requirements; for example, some scenes can allocate addresses according to a single group, only local addresses can be allocated, and links of controlling power supplies and inquiring groups can be reduced;
(3) the localization is really realized, the remote check record of a background is not needed, and the command frame issuing operation is not needed; the debugging of field personnel and the participation of background technicians are reduced, and the maintenance efficiency is greatly improved;
(4) the time for distributing the address is short, and the maximum delay interval can be limited according to the number of the slave devices.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an address automatic distribution system for locally implementing RS485 slave devices according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for locally implementing automatic address allocation of RS485 slave devices according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
Some technical terms are described in the following:
group address: the same equipment is controlled by the same address, the host equipment controls the command words of the addresses of the slave equipment of the group at the same time, and the equipment does not feed back the content. The group address can be set to 200-254, for example, or other field ranges can be set as long as the protocol and the agreement of each party are met.
Local address: the single address of a single device in the group, the master device queries, and the slave device responds with an address command word that feeds back status information. The local address can be set to 1-199, for example, or other field ranges can be set as long as the protocol and the agreement of each party are met.
Broadcasting the address: the master device sends address command words which are responded and fed back by all the slaves. The broadcast address may be set to 255, for example, or other field ranges may be set, as long as the protocol and party conventions are met. The command word may be used as a separate query and control when the group address and local address conditions are not known. The address may be directly embedded in the application.
Local numbering: the slave equipment has a unique number, and the number is written into a memory in advance when debugging is needed.
RS485 is also one type of serial communication, similar to RS232, however RS485 is half-duplex communication, which employs balanced transmission and differential reception, with the ability to reject common-mode interference. RS485 is classified into two-wire and four-wire systems, wherein the four-wire system is only capable of point-to-point communication and is rarely used.
Specifically, the invention discloses a system for realizing automatic address allocation of slave equipment on RS485 equipment, which comprises:
the master device is provided with an interface which is used for being in communication connection with a plurality of slave devices which are connected in parallel through an RS485 protocol;
the method comprises the steps that a program for executing the method according to any one of claims 1-9 is stored in a control unit of the master device, so that automatic address allocation of the slave devices is achieved;
preferably, the system further comprises the plurality of slave devices;
preferably, the plurality of slave equipment are floodlights, front limit position lights, overhead lights, take-off and landing signal lights, platform boundary lights and/or barrier lights;
preferably, the system further comprises a plurality of power supply switches for dividing the same or different numbers of the slave devices into different groups;
preferably, the power supply switch is a micro breaker, and more preferably a metering type smart magnetic latching micro breaker.
The invention also discloses a method for realizing the automatic address allocation of the slave equipment on the RS485 equipment, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the host equipment responds to the process program of the address allocation and determines one group as a group to be processed in all the groups;
step 2: the host equipment issues an address allocation instruction to one slave equipment of the group to be processed;
if the host equipment continuously sends command frames for a specified number of times and the slave equipment does not have effective data frame feedback, the group to be processed is considered to have no slave equipment, the next group is determined to be the group to be processed, and the step 2 is executed again, and if no next group exists, the program is ended;
the slave equipment responds to the address allocation flow program, acquires a random number, waits for an interval time, and returns the random number, the local number and the group number to which the slave equipment belongs;
and step 3: the host equipment stores the fed-back random number, compares the random number with the fed-back random number if the random number is stored in the host equipment, and executes the step 2 again if the two random numbers are consistent;
the host equipment compares the fed back local numbers with a plurality of pre-stored local numbers, and if all the local numbers cannot be matched, the program is ended and a warning is given;
and 4, step 4: the host device determines a corresponding group address and a local address according to the fed back local number and the group identification number to which the local number belongs, sends a command frame of the group address and the local address to the slave device, and the slave device receives and stores the corresponding address and returns a data frame with successful address allocation to the host device;
if the host equipment does not receive the effective feedback of the slave equipment within a certain time, the slave equipment considers that the address allocation is unsuccessful, responds to a new address allocation instruction, and returns to execute the step 2 again;
and 5: and after receiving the address allocation success data frame, the host device issues an address allocation instruction to the next slave device of the group to be processed and continues to execute the step 2, and if all the slave devices in the group to be processed successfully complete address allocation, the next group is determined to be the group to be processed and the step 2 is executed again.
Wherein, before all steps, the parameters pre-stored in the host device include: a local number, a group number, and a set number in each group.
Wherein, the step 1 also comprises the step of turning off the power of all the groups except the group to be processed.
The step of issuing the address allocation instruction by the host device in step 2 is implemented in a broadcast manner, and the broadcast address is 255.
Wherein, the command frame for broadcasting and issuing the address allocation instruction comprises: broadcast address (255) + command word (local number).
The random number obtained by the slave device in the step 2 is obtained by reading the ADC through a suspension pin of the single chip, and cutting the ADC, or by using "% of the maximum number of the slave devices", or by using a random function in a software system.
The time interval in step 2 is determined by multiplying the random number acquired by the slave device by the minimum response communication time between the master device and the slave device.
The time interval in the step 2 is calculated by multiplying the maximum number of the slave devices in the group by the actual number which is not less than three times and then multiplying the minimum response communication time between the master device and the slave devices;
preferably, the time interval described in step 2 is an interval time for the master device to inquire the local number of the slave device, and is calculated by the following formula: the master device inquires about the interval time of the local number of the slave device, namely the group device number 3, the minimum response communication time.
In step 4, the value range of the group address is 200-254, and the value range of the local address is 1-199.
In an embodiment, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an address automatic allocation system for locally implementing RS485 slave devices according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the present invention employs a two-wire RS485 protocol, a host control device is simultaneously connected in parallel to a plurality of power supply switch devices through A, B wires, and each power supply switch device is further connected in parallel to a plurality of slave devices. The master control equipment receives the address allocation instruction information, can control power supply of each group one by one, and automatically allocates address information to the slave equipment of each group in a grouping mode.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for locally implementing automatic address allocation of an RS485 slave device according to the present invention, where the flowchart is a control flowchart of multiple address allocations, as shown in fig. 2, where the process of automatically allocating addresses includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the host receives the configuration instruction information, stops the working operation state program, responds to the address configuration process program, closes other groups of power supplies, and opens corresponding address configuration power supplies;
step two: the host equipment issues an address allocation instruction, the slave equipment responds to the instruction, stops a working running state program, responds to an address allocation flow program, acquires a random number, waits for interval time and returns a local number; if command frames of specified times are continuously sent out and no effective data frame feedback exists, the group is considered to have no equipment, the next group of address allocation process is carried out, the step I is returned until the last group is finished, the host computer is restarted, and normal work flow programs are recovered to be executed;
step three: the host equipment inquires the group class to which the host equipment successively inquires according to the local numbers fed back successively, and the slave equipment returns the corresponding group class. If a plurality of serial numbers exist and the inconsistency occurs, interrupting the address allocation;
step four: the host device sends a command frame of a corresponding group address and a local address according to the local number and the group to which the host device belongs, the slave device receives and stores the corresponding address and returns a data frame with successful address allocation, and the successfully allocated slave device does not respond to a new address allocation instruction any more; if no effective feedback exists in a certain time, the address allocation is not successful, the slave equipment responds to a new address allocation instruction, and the step three is returned;
step five: and after the address matching corresponding to the local number is successful, repeating the step two until command frames of specified times are continuously sent out, no effective data frame is fed back, and considering that the address matching is successful.
Wherein the parameters that need to be written in advance to the host device before step one include: 1) local numbering; the local number of each slave machine keeps uniqueness, and during production debugging, debugging personnel writes the local number into a FLASH of a memory of the control main board according to a protocol, and 2) the number of the slave machines in the group; the number of the groups is written into the parameters according to the maximum number of the slave devices which are usually applied to the group, so that the query waiting time can be reduced; 3) and the belonging group is used for the master device to allocate the relevant address to the slave device and utilizing the system control. Examples of specific write parameters are shown in table 1, for example.
The waiting time interval is determined by multiplying a random number generated by the slave equipment by the shortest communication time of the group of slaves, and the slave equipment returns the interval to the local coded data frame according to the random number.
The address can be automatically allocated only to a single set of equipment according to the requirement, and the power supply can not be controlled.
When the local number and the type of the data frame returned by the slave equipment are repeated, the host equipment can identify and send out alarm information, and related personnel are required to correct the number of the slave equipment.
TABLE 1 Properties assigned at commissioning
Wherein M, n and 1 can be 0 or natural numbers, and can be respectively the same or different with the set numbers M1, M2 and Mn in the group in which the M, n and 1 are arranged.
Determining the requirement of the set parameters of the slave equipment: 1) the slave equipment needs to set a unique local number to prevent repeated local numbers, for example, an MODBUS communication protocol can be used for setting an MODBUS address; 2) the type of the slave equipment is set, and the host equipment can set a corresponding group address according to the protocol; 3) setting the actual number of the local numbers according to the set number in the group; 4) and testing the minimum response time of the inquiry and reply of the master and slave. The parameter is used for setting the minimum response time of the question and answer between the master device and the slave device, in order to ensure that the local numbering response time has enough clearance and prevent overlarge delay, the local numbering time of the master device waiting for returning at a minimum time is equal to the maximum number of the slave devices in the group multiplied by the actual number not less than three times multiplied by the minimum response communication time between the master device and the slave device. When the first 3 parameters are debugged, the parameters need to be written into a memory of a control board of the slave equipment, and the 4 th response time can be directly applied to a program.
The interval time for the master device to query the local number of the slave device can be calculated by the following formula:
the host waits for the local number time returned at the minimum time, namely the group of devices is multiplied by 3 and the minimum response interval time.
The process flow of the process of the invention is illustrated and described in detail below by means of specific examples.
Wherein the master device used in this particular embodiment is for example a control device, the slave devices are for example floodlights, front limit position lights, overhead lights, take-off and landing lights, platform border lights, obstacle lights, etc., and the power switches are for example metering-type intelligent magnetically held micro circuit breakers, such as the model number NJ39-80E 50-a-1-a-C. The communication interface adopted in the system is an RS485 protocol, and the communication rate can be set to 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 Bps; the communication protocol may adopt, for example, MODBUS-RTU standard protocol. Isolation may be provided as voltage current input (strong current) isolation from the communication interface, isolation withstand voltage 1000VDC, opto-electrical isolation/electromagnetic isolation. However, the above-described limitations are merely illustrative, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
A certain project is provided with a control panel, the slave devices of the system are divided into a plurality of groups, wherein the group 1 is provided with at most 8 devices, the minimum response time of communication between a master machine and a slave machine needs 2ms, and the group type of the slave devices, the actual number of the devices in the group and the local number are set. The host device waits for the local numbering time 8 × 3 × 2ms 48ms fed back by the slave device, the host device sends a command frame, and the process is considered to be finished if no feedback information meeting the requirement is received after 5 times of circulation. The response results of the above procedure are shown in table 2.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
pressing a combined test lamp and a silencing combined key (combined key instruction information for starting address allocation), receiving the automatic address allocation information of the panel combined key by the host equipment, stopping other operation flows by the host equipment, responding to the automatic address allocation instruction, and closing each group of output voltage;
and starting the voltage of the group 1, issuing an address allocation instruction, responding the address allocation instruction by the slave equipment, extracting a random number, and returning to a local address according to the interval requirement. If the random number is repeated and the feedback bytes of the two devices are overlapped, the data is invalid. The delivery of 2 times in the first time of the case is unsuccessful, and 6 correct data frames with local numbers are fed back.
The master device inquires the affiliated type command frames of the slave devices one by one according to the device numbers, and the slave devices return the affiliated type data frames.
The master device sends a command frame with a group address and a local address to the slave device according to the local number and the type of the slave device. The local addresses of 6 slave devices are configured one by one, and the result is shown in table 2.
In the 2 nd time, the master device resends the command frame for inquiring the local number, and the slave device feeds back 2 effective local number data frames.
The master device sends a command frame with a group address and a local address to the slave device according to the local number and the type of the slave device. The addresses of 2 slave devices are configured one by one, and the result is shown in table 2.
The host device resends the command frame for inquiring the local number, and no effective feedback data frame is received for 5 times. And entering the next group of configuration processes until all the group allocation addresses are finished finally.
The total time for address matching of 8 slave devices is actually measured to be less than 400 ms.
TABLE 2 parameters for the assignment of addresses
Remarking: "-" indicates a response conflict, which is not addressed this time.
If a certain device fails in the later period, the set parameters of the device do not need to be recorded, only the uniqueness of the local serial number produced and debugged according to the slave device is ensured, other basic parameters are kept consistent, a new device or a corresponding main board is directly used or replaced, the installation and connection are good, the address distribution program flow is started, and the address is automatically distributed again. If the same equipment is divided into two groups, the equipment can be installed at will without strict requirement of number comparison installation.
According to practical application verification, the automatic address allocation method can enable the system to well know the appropriate addition or reduction of the slave devices, the normal operation of the whole system is not influenced, the adaptability of software codes is improved, the field implementation is greatly facilitated, the intervention of research and development professionals is reduced, and the field installation arrangement, debugging and after-sale service efficiency is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for realizing automatic address allocation of slave equipment on RS485 equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the host equipment responds to the process program of the address allocation and determines one group as a group to be processed in all the groups;
step 2: the host equipment issues an address allocation instruction to one slave equipment of the group to be processed;
if the host equipment continuously sends command frames for a specified number of times and the slave equipment does not have effective data frame feedback, the group to be processed is considered to have no slave equipment, the next group is determined to be the group to be processed, and the step 2 is executed again, and if no next group exists, the program is ended;
the slave equipment responds to the address allocation flow program, acquires a random number, waits for an interval time, and returns the random number, the local number and the group number to which the slave equipment belongs;
and step 3: the host equipment stores the fed-back random number, compares the random number with the fed-back random number if the random number is stored in the host equipment, and executes the step 2 again if the two random numbers are consistent;
the host equipment compares the fed back local numbers with a plurality of pre-stored local numbers, and if all the local numbers cannot be matched, the program is ended and a warning is given;
and 4, step 4: the host device determines a corresponding group address and a local address according to the fed back local number and the group identification number to which the local number belongs, sends a command frame of the group address and the local address to the slave device, and the slave device receives and stores the corresponding address and returns a data frame with successful address allocation to the host device;
if the host equipment does not receive the effective feedback of the slave equipment within a certain time, the slave equipment considers that the address allocation is unsuccessful, responds to a new address allocation instruction, and returns to execute the step 2 again;
and 5: and after receiving the address allocation success data frame, the host device issues an address allocation instruction to the next slave device of the group to be processed and continues to execute the step 2, and if all the slave devices in the group to be processed successfully complete address allocation, the next group is determined to be the group to be processed and the step 2 is executed again.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters pre-stored in the host device before performing step 1 include a local number, a number of groups, and a set number within each group.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 further comprises the step of turning off power to all groups except the group to be processed.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of issuing the address allocation command by the host device in step 2 is implemented by broadcasting, and the broadcast address is 255.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein broadcasting the command frame for issuing the allocate address command comprises: broadcast address (255) + command word (local number).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the random number obtained by the slave device in step 2 is obtained by reading ADC through a floating pin of a single chip and cutting, or by using "% of the maximum number of slave devices", or by using a random function in a software system.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the time interval in step 2 is determined by multiplying the random number obtained by the slave device by the minimum response communication time of the master device and the slave device.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time interval in step 2 is calculated by multiplying the maximum number of slave devices in the group to be processed by the actual number which is not less than three times and then multiplying by the minimum response communication time between the master device and the slave device;
preferably, the time interval described in step 2 is an interval time for the master device to inquire the local number of the slave device, and is calculated by the following formula: the master device inquires about the interval time of the local number of the slave device, namely the device number in the group to be processed is 3, and the minimum response communication time is obtained.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the range of the group address in step 4 is 200-254, and the range of the local address is 1-199.
10. A system for realizing automatic address allocation of slave devices on RS485 devices is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the master device is provided with an interface which is used for being in communication connection with a plurality of slave devices which are connected in parallel through an RS485 protocol;
the method comprises the steps that a program for executing the method according to any one of claims 1-9 is stored in a control unit of the master device, so that automatic address allocation of the slave devices is achieved;
preferably, the system further comprises the plurality of slave devices;
preferably, the plurality of slave equipment are floodlights, front limit position lights, overhead lights, take-off and landing signal lights, platform boundary lights and/or barrier lights;
preferably, the system further comprises a plurality of power supply switches for dividing the same or different numbers of the slave devices into different groups;
preferably, the power supply switch is a micro breaker, and more preferably a metering type smart magnetic latching micro breaker.
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| CN114328330A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-04-12 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Address allocation method, equipment management and irrigation system, slave machine and input equipment |
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| CN117112473A (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2023-11-24 | 紫光同芯微电子有限公司 | Data transmission method, system, equipment and storage medium based on single bus |
| CN117112473B (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-02-02 | 紫光同芯微电子有限公司 | Data transmission method, system, equipment and storage medium based on single bus |
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