CN112688642B - Millimeter wave broadband mixer based on asymmetric three-wire coupler - Google Patents
Millimeter wave broadband mixer based on asymmetric three-wire coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112688642B CN112688642B CN202011486120.9A CN202011486120A CN112688642B CN 112688642 B CN112688642 B CN 112688642B CN 202011486120 A CN202011486120 A CN 202011486120A CN 112688642 B CN112688642 B CN 112688642B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler, which comprises an asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, a reverse parallel-connected diode pair structure, a low-pass filter and the like. The asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, the reverse parallel connection ground diode pair structure and the low-pass filter are sequentially connected; the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure consists of three parallel coupled microstrip transmission lines, a radio frequency input signal is connected with the left side end of a first transmission line, a local oscillation input signal is connected with the right side end of a third transmission line, the right side end of a second transmission line is connected with the other end of a reverse parallel ground diode pair structure, and then a low-pass filter is connected to intermediate frequency output. The mixer circuit enhances signal coupling between local oscillator input and the diode structure, improves mixing efficiency and expands the working bandwidth of the mixer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mixer in a microwave and millimeter wave circuit, in particular to a mixer circuit which is integrated on a single chip based on an integrated circuit technology, has a simple design structure and can convert a broadband millimeter wave signal to an intermediate frequency.
Background
With the rapid development of high-speed data communication and cloud computing services, it is difficult for the existing wireless communication system to meet the increasingly high business requirements. In order to increase the communication capacity, expansion to higher frequency bands has become a necessary trend. The millimeter wave frequency band (30-300 GHz) has rich bandwidth resources, can realize high-speed data transmission, and has wide application prospect in the fifth generation and the next generation of wireless communication.
The mixer is one of key modules in the millimeter wave front-end receiving and transmitting system, and frequency conversion of intermediate frequency signals and millimeter wave signals is achieved. In the millimeter wave frequency band, the local oscillation signal source with high frequency and high output power is difficult to realize, and at the moment, harmonic components of the local oscillation signal frequency are utilized for mixing, so that a choice is provided for reducing the design of the local oscillation signal source with high frequency and high output power. Therefore, a wideband harmonic mixer is one of important modules in implementing a millimeter wave band wideband communication system.
The harmonic mixer needs to process signals with three different frequencies including radio frequency, local oscillation, intermediate frequency and the like, and meanwhile, various harmonic waves, intermodulation signals and the like can be generated in nonlinear operation of the circuit, so that the circuit structure and design of the high-performance harmonic mixer become complex. In millimeter wave frequency band, transmission loss of signals and interference coupling between structures are sensitive, so that designers generally want to adopt a simple structure as much as possible to realize effective operation of a circuit in circuit design, so as to reduce loss and coupling caused by device connection and realize the highest possible circuit performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler for the broadband millimeter wave signal receiving problem in a millimeter wave communication system, simplifying the design of the mixer and optimizing the circuit performance.
The invention adopts the scheme for solving the technical problems:
a millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler comprises an asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, a reverse parallel-connected diode pair structure, a low-pass filter and the like. The millimeter wave broadband mixer adopts an integrated circuit technology to realize monolithic integration.
The asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, the reverse parallel connection ground diode pair structure and the low-pass filter are sequentially connected; the reverse parallel connection grounding diode pair structure is formed by reversely connecting two diodes in parallel, and one end of the reverse parallel connection grounding diode pair structure is grounded; the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure consists of three parallel coupled microstrip transmission lines, a radio frequency input signal is connected with the left side end of a first transmission line, and the right side end of the first transmission line is open; the left end of the third transmission line is connected with a grounded resistor, and the right end of the third transmission line is connected with a serial transmission line and then connected with the local oscillator input; the left side end of the second transmission line is open, the right side end of the second transmission line is connected with the other end of the reverse parallel connection ground diode pair structure, and then the low-pass filter is connected to the intermediate frequency output.
Preferably, the asymmetric three-wire coupler is formed by parallel coupling of top metal wires of an integrated circuit process, the length of the first transmission wire is smaller than that of the second transmission wire, and the length of the second transmission wire is equal to that of the third transmission wire.
Preferably, the width of the first transmission line of the asymmetric three-wire coupler is equal to the width of the second transmission line, and the width of the second transmission line is smaller than the width of the third transmission line.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure is adopted to enhance the signal coupling between the local oscillator input and the diode structure, improve the frequency mixing efficiency and expand the working bandwidth of the frequency mixer;
2. the invention adopts an asymmetric three-wire coupler matching mode, directly realizes the direct current isolation function, omits the use of a blocking capacitor, simplifies the matching structure of the mixer and optimizes the circuit performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric three-wire coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation result of the conversion loss of the mixer according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, embodiments of which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler comprises an asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, a reverse parallel-connected diode pair structure, a low-pass filter and the like. The millimeter wave broadband mixer adopts an integrated circuit technology to realize monolithic integration.
The asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, the reverse parallel connection ground diode pair structure and the low-pass filter are sequentially connected; the reverse parallel connection grounding diode pair structure is formed by reversely connecting two diodes D1 and D2 in parallel, and one end of the reverse parallel connection grounding diode pair structure is grounded; the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure consists of three parallel coupled microstrip transmission lines, a radio frequency input signal RF is connected with the left side end of a first transmission line, and the right side end of the first transmission line is open; the left end of the third transmission line is connected with a grounded resistor R, the right end of the third transmission line is connected with a transmission line L1 in series and then connected with a local oscillation input LO; the left side end of the second transmission line is open, the right side end of the second transmission line is connected with the other end of the reverse parallel connection ground diode pair structure, and then the low-pass filter is connected to the intermediate frequency output IF.
The asymmetric three-wire coupler is formed by parallel coupling of top metal wires of an integrated circuit process, the length of a first transmission wire is smaller than that of a second transmission wire, and the length of the second transmission wire is equal to that of a third transmission wire.
The invention will be described by taking a D-band millimeter wave wideband mixer circuit as an example.
The mixer adopts an inverse parallel diode pair structure to realize second harmonic mixing, namely, mixing components with the output of radio frequency and twice local oscillation signals. Meanwhile, the direct-current grounding loop can be directly realized by adopting the structure of the reverse parallel-connection grounding diode as a frequency mixing core, so that the area of the circuit is reduced. In the embodiment, the radio frequency RF input of the mixer circuit is 115-170 GHz, the local oscillator LO input is half of the radio frequency, and the intermediate frequency IF output is DC-5 GHz.
In the embodiment, the mixer circuit is realized based on a GaAs HEMT technology, and the diode is formed by HEMT devices. To maintain balanced symmetry, diodes D1 and D2 have the same dimensional parameters with a gate length of 3um and a gate width of 26 μm (comprising 2 fingers each 13 μm long).
In the embodiment, the asymmetric three-wire coupler adopts three parallel coupled microstrip transmission line structures, and the structures are shown in fig. 2. Wherein the transmission line adopts the top metal (thickness is 1.25 μm) of the adopted technology, the lengths of the three microstrip lines are 190 μm, 300 μm and 300 μm respectively, the widths are 10 μm, 10 μm and 20 μm respectively, and the line pitches are all 3 μm.
In the asymmetric three-wire coupler of the embodiment, the left end of the third transmission line is connected with a resistor R which is grounded and is 100 ohms, and the right end of the third transmission line is connected with a transmission line L1 which is connected in series. The open-circuit transmission line is a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure, wherein the length and the width of the signal line are respectively 70 mu m and 20 mu m, and the line spacing between the signal line and the ground planes at two sides is 42.5 mu m.
The low pass filter in the embodiment is composed of a serial transmission line, a parallel open transmission line and a parallel connection ground capacitor. The serial transmission line is a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure, wherein the length and the width of the signal line are respectively 90 mu m and 30 mu m, and the line interval between the signal line and the ground planes at two sides is 48.5 mu m; the parallel open-circuit transmission line is a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure, wherein the length and the width of the signal line are respectively 260 mu m and 16 mu m, and the line interval between the signal line and the ground planes at two sides is 12 mu m; and the ground capacitance is 175fF.
As shown in FIG. 3, the diode model provided by the process line is adopted, and after electromagnetic field simulation and optimization of a full circuit, the mixer can perform down-mixing conversion on millimeter wave signals with input signals of 115-170 GHz when local oscillation LO power is 14dBm, the conversion loss is-15.8-18.8 dB, the 3dB bandwidth is close to 40%, and the isolation between local oscillation and radio frequency (LO-RF) and the isolation between local oscillation and intermediate frequency (LO-IF) are both larger than 15dB in the working frequency range.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the invention in connection with specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to such descriptions. It is also within the scope of the present invention to provide those skilled in the art with equivalent changes or substitutions to the components, positional relationships, and connection modes of the present invention without changing their functions without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler comprises an asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, a reverse parallel-connected ground diode pair structure and a low-pass filter; the method is characterized in that: the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, the reverse parallel connection ground diode pair structure and the low-pass filter are sequentially connected; the reverse parallel connection grounding diode pair structure is formed by reversely connecting two diodes in parallel, and one end of the reverse parallel connection grounding diode pair structure is grounded; the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure consists of three parallel-coupled microstrip transmission lines, the line intervals of the three transmission lines are equal, the length of the first transmission line is smaller than that of the second transmission line, the length of the second transmission line is equal to that of the third transmission line, the width of the first transmission line is equal to that of the second transmission line, and the width of the second transmission line is smaller than that of the third transmission line; the radio frequency input signal is connected with the left side end of the first transmission line, and the right side end of the first transmission line is open; the left end of the third transmission line is connected with a grounded resistor, and the right end of the third transmission line is connected with a serial transmission line and then connected with the local oscillator input; the left side end of the second transmission line is open, the right side end of the second transmission line is connected with the other end of the reverse parallel connection ground diode pair structure, and then the low-pass filter is connected to the intermediate frequency output.
2. A millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler as defined in claim 1, wherein: the asymmetric three-wire coupler is formed by parallel coupling of top metal wires of an integrated circuit process.
3. A millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler as defined in claim 1, wherein: the mixer adopts an integrated circuit process to realize monolithic integration.
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| CN202011486120.9A CN112688642B (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Millimeter wave broadband mixer based on asymmetric three-wire coupler |
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| CN202011486120.9A CN112688642B (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Millimeter wave broadband mixer based on asymmetric three-wire coupler |
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| CN112688642A CN112688642A (en) | 2021-04-20 |
| CN112688642B true CN112688642B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2657145A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-14 | Homare Sasaki | Directional coupler |
| CN102355198A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-02-15 | 深圳大学 | Multi-path asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier |
| EP3168997A1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-17 | Alcatel Lucent | Method and apparatus for multi-operator vectoring |
| CN108631734A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-10-09 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of millimeter wave broadband frequency mixer based on multiple coupled transmission line |
| CN111884597A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-03 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | Terahertz broadband even harmonic mixing circuit based on distributed radio frequency loop and mixer |
| CN112018482A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Ultra-wideband filtering power divider based on stepped impedance multimode resonator |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030030494A1 (en) * | 2001-01-13 | 2003-02-13 | Guanghua Huang | Low noise balanced amplifier |
| DE102012012171B4 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2022-12-22 | Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft | Circuit board arrangement for feeding antennas via a three-wire system for exciting different polarizations |
-
2020
- 2020-12-16 CN CN202011486120.9A patent/CN112688642B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2657145A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-14 | Homare Sasaki | Directional coupler |
| CN102355198A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-02-15 | 深圳大学 | Multi-path asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier |
| EP3168997A1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-17 | Alcatel Lucent | Method and apparatus for multi-operator vectoring |
| CN108631734A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-10-09 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of millimeter wave broadband frequency mixer based on multiple coupled transmission line |
| CN112018482A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Ultra-wideband filtering power divider based on stepped impedance multimode resonator |
| CN111884597A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-03 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | Terahertz broadband even harmonic mixing circuit based on distributed radio frequency loop and mixer |
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