CN112688642A - Millimeter wave broadband mixer based on asymmetric three-wire coupler - Google Patents
Millimeter wave broadband mixer based on asymmetric three-wire coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112688642A CN112688642A CN202011486120.9A CN202011486120A CN112688642A CN 112688642 A CN112688642 A CN 112688642A CN 202011486120 A CN202011486120 A CN 202011486120A CN 112688642 A CN112688642 A CN 112688642A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler, which comprises an asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, an inverse parallel grounding diode pair structure, a low-pass filter and the like. The asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure and the low-pass filter are sequentially connected; the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure is composed of three parallel-coupled microstrip transmission lines, a radio frequency input signal is connected with the left side end of a first transmission line, a local oscillator input signal is connected with the right side end of a third transmission line, the right side end of a second transmission line is connected with the other end of an inverse parallel grounding diode pair structure, and then a low-pass filter is connected to the intermediate frequency output. The frequency mixer circuit enhances the signal coupling between the local oscillator input and the diode pair structure, improves the frequency mixing efficiency and expands the working bandwidth of the frequency mixer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mixer in microwave and millimeter wave circuits, in particular to a mixer circuit for realizing monolithic integration based on an integrated circuit process, which has a simple design structure and can convert broadband millimeter wave signals to intermediate frequency.
Background
With the rapid development of high-speed data communication and cloud computing services, the existing wireless communication system is difficult to meet higher and higher business requirements. In order to increase the communication capacity, the expansion to higher frequency bands has been a necessary trend. The millimeter wave frequency band (30-300 GHz) has rich bandwidth resources, can realize high-speed data transmission, and has wide application prospect in fifth-generation and next-generation wireless communication.
The mixer is one of key modules in a millimeter wave front-end transceiving system, and realizes frequency conversion of intermediate frequency signals and millimeter wave signals. In the millimeter wave frequency band, the local oscillation signal source with high frequency and high output power is difficult to realize, and at the moment, the harmonic component of the local oscillation signal frequency is utilized to carry out frequency mixing, thereby providing a choice for the design of reducing the local oscillation signal source with high frequency and high output power. Therefore, a broadband harmonic mixer is one of important modules in realizing a broadband communication system in a millimeter wave band.
The harmonic mixer needs to process signals with three different frequencies including radio frequency, local oscillator, intermediate frequency and the like, and various harmonic waves, intermodulation signals and the like can be generated in the nonlinear operation of the circuit, so that the circuit structure and design of the high-performance harmonic mixer become more complex. In the millimeter wave band, the transmission loss of signals and the interference coupling between structures are sensitive, so designers generally want to adopt a simple structure as much as possible to realize effective operation of a circuit in circuit design, so as to reduce the loss and coupling caused by device connection, and realize as high circuit performance as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler, which aims at solving the problem of receiving broadband millimeter wave signals in a millimeter wave communication system, simplifying the design of a mixer and optimizing the circuit performance.
The invention adopts the following scheme for solving the technical problems:
a millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler comprises an asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, an inverse parallel grounding diode pair structure, a low-pass filter and the like. The millimeter wave broadband mixer adopts an integrated circuit process to realize monolithic integration.
The asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure and the low-pass filter are sequentially connected; the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure is formed by reversely connecting two diodes in parallel, wherein one end of the diode pair structure is grounded; the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure consists of three microstrip transmission lines which are coupled in parallel, a radio frequency input signal is connected with the left side end of the first transmission line, and the right side end of the first transmission line is open-circuited; the left side end of the third transmission line is connected with a grounded resistor, and the right side end of the third transmission line is connected with a transmission line connected in series and then connected to the local oscillator input; the left end of the second transmission line is open-circuited, and the right end of the second transmission line is connected with the other end of the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure and then connected with the low-pass filter to be output at the intermediate frequency.
Preferably, the asymmetric three-wire coupler is formed by coupling top metal wires of an integrated circuit process in parallel, the length of the first transmission line is smaller than that of the second transmission line, and the length of the second transmission line is equal to that of the third transmission line.
Preferably, the width of the first transmission line of the asymmetric three-wire coupler is equal to the width of the second transmission line, and the width of the second transmission line is smaller than the width of the third transmission line.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure to enhance the signal coupling between the local oscillator input and the diode pair structure, improve the frequency mixing efficiency and expand the working bandwidth of the frequency mixer;
2. the invention adopts the mode of matching the asymmetric three-wire coupler, directly realizes the direct current isolation function, saves the use of a blocking capacitor, simplifies the matching structure of the frequency mixer and optimizes the circuit performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric three-wire coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows simulation results of conversion loss of a mixer according to an embodiment of the invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler includes an asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, an anti-parallel grounded diode pair structure, a low-pass filter, and the like. The millimeter wave broadband mixer adopts an integrated circuit process to realize monolithic integration.
The asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure and the low-pass filter are sequentially connected; the anti-parallel grounding diode pair structure is formed by connecting two diodes D1 and D2 in an anti-parallel mode, wherein one end of the diode pair structure is grounded; the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure consists of three microstrip transmission lines which are coupled in parallel, a radio frequency input signal RF is connected with the left side end of the first transmission line, and the right side end of the first transmission line is open-circuited; the left side end of the third transmission line is connected with a grounded resistor R, and the right side end of the third transmission line is connected with a transmission line L1 connected in series and then connected to a local oscillator input LO; the left end of the second transmission line is open-circuited, and the right end of the second transmission line is connected with the other end of the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure and then connected with the low-pass filter to the intermediate frequency output IF.
The asymmetric three-wire coupler is formed by coupling top metal wires of an integrated circuit process in parallel, the length of a first transmission line is smaller than that of a second transmission line, and the length of the second transmission line is equal to that of a third transmission line.
The present invention is described by taking a D-band millimeter wave broadband mixer circuit as an example.
The frequency mixer adopts an inverse parallel diode pair structure to realize second harmonic frequency mixing, namely, the frequency mixing component of radio frequency and double local oscillation signals is output. Meanwhile, the structure of the reverse parallel grounding diode pair is used as a mixing core, a direct current grounding loop can be directly realized, and the area of the circuit is reduced. In the embodiment, the radio frequency RF input of the mixer circuit is 115-170 GHz, the local oscillator LO input is half of the radio frequency, and the intermediate frequency IF output is DC-5 GHz.
In the embodiment, the mixer circuit is realized based on a GaAs HEMT technology, and the diode is composed of HEMT devices. To maintain balanced symmetry, diodes D1 and D2 have the same dimensional parameters, with a gate length of 3um and a gate width of 26 μm (containing 2 fingers each 13 μm long).
In the embodiment, the asymmetric three-wire coupler adopts a structure of three parallel-coupled microstrip transmission lines, and the structure is shown in fig. 2. The transmission line adopts top layer metal (thickness is 1.25 μm) of the used process, the lengths of the three microstrip lines are 190 μm, 300 μm and 300 μm respectively, the widths of the three microstrip lines are 10 μm, 10 μm and 20 μm respectively, and the line spacing is 3 μm respectively.
In the asymmetric three-wire coupler of the embodiment, the left end of the third transmission line is connected with a resistor R which is grounded and is 100 ohms, and the right end of the third transmission line is connected with a transmission line L1 which is connected in series. The open circuit transmission line is a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure, wherein the length and the width of a signal line are respectively 70 mu m and 20 mu m, and the line spacing between the signal line and ground planes at two sides is 42.5 mu m.
The low pass filter in the embodiment is composed of a series transmission line, a parallel open transmission line and a parallel ground capacitor. The series transmission line is a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure, wherein the length and the width of the signal line are respectively 90 mu m and 30 mu m, and the line spacing between the signal line and ground planes at two sides is 48.5 mu m; the parallel open circuit transmission line is a coplanar waveguide transmission line structure, wherein the length and the width of the signal line are respectively 260 mu m and 16 mu m, and the line spacing between the signal line and the ground planes at two sides is 12 mu m; the parallel ground capacitance is 175 fF.
As shown in FIG. 3, by adopting a diode model provided by a process line and through electromagnetic field simulation and optimization of a full circuit, when the local oscillator LO power is 14dBm, the mixer can perform down-mixing conversion on a millimeter wave signal with an input signal of 115-170 GHz, the conversion loss is-15.8-18.8 dB, the 3dB bandwidth is close to 40%, and the local oscillator-to-radio frequency (LO-RF) isolation and the local oscillator-to-intermediate frequency (LO-IF) isolation in the working frequency range are both greater than 15 dB.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the invention in connection with specific embodiments thereof, and it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that equivalent changes and substitutions can be made on the components, positions and connection modes of the invention without changing the functions of the components and the parts without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A millimeter wave broadband mixer based on an asymmetric three-wire coupler comprises an asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, an inverse parallel grounding diode pair structure and a low-pass filter;
the method is characterized in that: the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure, the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure and the low-pass filter are sequentially connected; the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure is formed by reversely connecting two diodes in parallel, wherein one end of the diode pair structure is grounded; the asymmetric three-wire coupler structure consists of three microstrip transmission lines which are coupled in parallel, a radio frequency input signal is connected with the left side end of the first transmission line, and the right side end of the first transmission line is open-circuited; the left side end of the third transmission line is connected with a grounded resistor, and the right side end of the third transmission line is connected with a transmission line connected in series and then connected to the local oscillator input; the left end of the second transmission line is open-circuited, and the right end of the second transmission line is connected with the other end of the reverse parallel grounding diode pair structure and then connected with the low-pass filter to be output at the intermediate frequency.
2. The asymmetric three-wire coupler based millimeter wave broadband mixer of claim 1, wherein: the asymmetric three-wire coupler is formed by parallel coupling of top metal wires of an integrated circuit process, the length of a first transmission line is smaller than that of a second transmission line, the length of the second transmission line is equal to that of a third transmission line, and the wire intervals of the three transmission lines are equal.
3. The asymmetric three-wire coupler based millimeter wave broadband mixer of claim 1, wherein: the width of the first transmission line of the asymmetric three-wire coupler is equal to that of the second transmission line, and the width of the second transmission line is smaller than that of the third transmission line.
4. The asymmetric three-wire coupler based millimeter wave broadband mixer of claim 1, wherein: the frequency mixer adopts an integrated circuit process to realize monolithic integration.
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| CN202011486120.9A CN112688642B (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Millimeter wave broadband mixer based on asymmetric three-wire coupler |
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| CN202011486120.9A CN112688642B (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Millimeter wave broadband mixer based on asymmetric three-wire coupler |
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| CN112688642B CN112688642B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030030494A1 (en) * | 2001-01-13 | 2003-02-13 | Guanghua Huang | Low noise balanced amplifier |
| CA2657145A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-14 | Homare Sasaki | Directional coupler |
| CN102355198A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-02-15 | 深圳大学 | Multi-path asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier |
| US20140300521A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-10-09 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Printed circuit board arrangement for supplying antennas via a three-conductor system for exciting different polarizations |
| EP3168997A1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-17 | Alcatel Lucent | Method and apparatus for multi-operator vectoring |
| CN108631734A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-10-09 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of millimeter wave broadband frequency mixer based on multiple coupled transmission line |
| CN111884597A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-03 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | Terahertz broadband even harmonic mixing circuit based on distributed radio frequency loop and mixer |
| CN112018482A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Ultra-wideband filtering power divider based on stepped impedance multimode resonator |
-
2020
- 2020-12-16 CN CN202011486120.9A patent/CN112688642B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030030494A1 (en) * | 2001-01-13 | 2003-02-13 | Guanghua Huang | Low noise balanced amplifier |
| CA2657145A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-14 | Homare Sasaki | Directional coupler |
| CN102355198A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-02-15 | 深圳大学 | Multi-path asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier |
| US20140300521A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-10-09 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Printed circuit board arrangement for supplying antennas via a three-conductor system for exciting different polarizations |
| EP3168997A1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-17 | Alcatel Lucent | Method and apparatus for multi-operator vectoring |
| CN108631734A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-10-09 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of millimeter wave broadband frequency mixer based on multiple coupled transmission line |
| CN112018482A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Ultra-wideband filtering power divider based on stepped impedance multimode resonator |
| CN111884597A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-03 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | Terahertz broadband even harmonic mixing circuit based on distributed radio frequency loop and mixer |
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