CN112687504B - Double-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting double-frequency microwaves - Google Patents
Double-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting double-frequency microwaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves, and belongs to the technical field of high-power microwave devices. The invention adopts a concentric double ring-shaped cathode and a first high-frequency structure and a second high-frequency structure which are connected together, wherein the first high-frequency structure comprises an outer conductor pre-modulation cavity, an outer conductor slow-wave structure and an outer electron beam collector, and the second high-frequency structure comprises an inner conductor pre-modulation cavity, an inner conductor slow-wave structure, a drift section and an inner electron beam collector. Two lines of electron beams emitted by the concentric double-ring cathode respectively generate beam wave action in the inner conductor slow wave structure and the outer conductor slow wave structure to generate two electromagnetic waves of TM01 modes with different frequencies, and stable beat waves are obtained through natural synthesis in the whole device. Compared with the existing double-frequency coaxial relativistic backward wave tube, the inner conductor and the outer conductor are directly connected together, a supporting connecting rod between the inner conductor and the outer conductor does not need to be additionally designed, and the device is simple in structure and easy to process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-power microwave devices, and particularly relates to a dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves.
Background
In recent years, many studies on high power microwave devices have been carried out in terms of high power, high efficiency, high repetition frequency, long pulse, low magnetic field, etc., and at the same time, the generation of dual-frequency microwaves by a single high power microwave device has become a new research direction. The beat wave generated by the dual-frequency high-power microwave device can be used for attacking electronic systems and various communication systems. The instantaneous power of the beat wave is high, the action distance can be effectively increased, the frequency spectrum of the formed beat wave is rich, low-frequency microwaves can be emitted by utilizing high-frequency carriers, the diffraction effect of low-frequency signals is beneficial to back door coupling, and the action range of a target can be effectively expanded. The research of the dual-frequency high-power microwave device is beneficial to further expanding the output spectrum characteristics of the traditional high-power microwave device, and has important research significance in the field of national defense and military.
A Relativistic Backward Wave tube (RBWO) is one of the most potential high power microwave sources to be put into practical use. Currently, there are two main methods for generating dual-frequency microwaves in a relativistic backward wave tube: one is to use a segmented slow wave structure in RBWO, in which an electron beam and a two-segment slow wave structure generate beam wave action to generate two rows of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies, and the structure is simple, but the conversion efficiency is greatly limited. The second one is to use a dual-electron-beam coaxial nested RBWO, the structure comprises two sections of slow-wave structures and two output channels, and two rows of generated microwaves are respectively transmitted along the respective channels and then synthesized. This structure has improved beam-to-wave conversion efficiency compared to the first efficiency, but the structure becomes relatively complicated, and it also requires additional design of a connecting rod between the inner and outer conductors in the coaxial structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a dual electron beam relativistic backward wave tube which has a simple structure and a high beam-wave conversion efficiency and can directly output dual-frequency microwaves.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves, which comprises a concentric dual-annular cathode, a magnetic field coil, a first high-frequency structure and a second high-frequency structure;
the first high-frequency structure is formed by sequentially connecting an outer conductor pre-modulation cavity, an outer conductor slow-wave structure and an outer electron beam collector; the second high-frequency structure is formed by sequentially connecting an inner conductor pre-modulation cavity, an inner conductor slow-wave structure, a drift section and an inner electron beam collector;
a first beam wave action area is formed in an area between the outer conductor slow wave structure and the inner conductor slow wave structure, and a second beam wave action area is formed in an area below the inner conductor slow wave structure;
the tail end of the outer electron beam collector is connected with the second high-frequency structure to form a whole, and the magnetic field coil can generate an axial guiding magnetic field;
the concentric double-ring cathode is arranged at the front ends of the first high-frequency structure and the second high-frequency structure and can emit two rows of annular electron beams simultaneously, and the two rows of electron beams respectively perform beam wave action with the outer conductor slow wave structure and the inner conductor slow wave structure to generate electromagnetic waves with different frequencies.
Preferably, in the first beam action area, an outer electron beam emitted by the concentric double-ring-shaped cathode and the outer conductor slow-wave structure perform beam action to generate a first electromagnetic wave; in the second beam action area, the inner electron beam emitted by the concentric double-ring cathode and the inner conductor slow wave structure carry out beam action to generate second electromagnetic waves.
Preferably, the outer conductor slow-wave structure is formed by two sections of rectangular corrugations which are subjected to chamfering treatment, and the two sections of rectangular corrugations are different in period and corrugation depth.
Further preferably, the number of the first section of ripple period is 4, the number of the second section of ripple period is 3, and the ripple periods and the depths of the two parts are different, so that the beam wave action strength of the outer electron beam and the outer conductor slow-wave structure is improved, and the conversion efficiency is improved to the maximum extent.
Preferably, the inner conductor slow-wave structure comprises two separated rectangular ripple slow-wave structures, the two rectangular ripples have different periods, the two rectangular ripples are connected through a drift section, and the middle of the two rectangular ripples modulates the electron beam again through the drift section so as to reduce energy dispersion of the electron beam.
Preferably, the ripple depth and the cycle length of the outer conductor slow-wave structure and the inner conductor slow-wave structure are subjected to non-uniform treatment, wherein the non-uniform treatment refers to that the ripple depth and the cycle length are both finely adjusted so as to improve the output power of the relativistic backward wave tube.
Preferably, the first wave action zone and the second wave action zone are both vacuum zones.
Preferably, the outer conductor pre-modulation cavity is a rectangular cavity, and the inner conductor pre-modulation cavity is a trapezoidal cavity.
Preferably, the outer electron beam collector is provided with a rectangular groove for collecting clustered outer electron beams, and the special structure changes the boundary condition of the right end of the outer conductor slow-wave structure and improves the beam-wave conversion efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts a concentric double ring-shaped cathode and a first high-frequency structure and a second high-frequency structure which are connected together, wherein the first high-frequency structure comprises an outer conductor pre-modulation cavity, an outer conductor slow-wave structure and an outer electron beam collector, and the second high-frequency structure comprises an inner conductor pre-modulation cavity, an inner conductor slow-wave structure, a drift section and an inner electron beam collector. Two columns of electron beams emitted by the concentric double-ring cathode respectively generate beam wave action with the inner conductor slow wave structure and the outer conductor slow wave structure to generate two electromagnetic waves of TM01 modes with different frequencies, and stable beat waves are obtained through natural synthesis in the whole device. Compared with the existing double-frequency coaxial relativistic backward wave tube, the inner conductor and the outer conductor are directly connected together, and a supporting connecting rod between the inner conductor and the outer conductor is not required to be additionally designed, so that the device has a simple structure and is easy to process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional model of a dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves, the model adopts a cylindrical coordinate system, and the horizontal direction is a z axis while the vertical direction is an r axis.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional model structure of a first high-frequency structure of a dual-electron-beam dual-frequency relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second high-frequency structure of a dual-electron-beam dual-frequency relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the time-dependent variation of the output power of a dual-beam dual-frequency relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves according to the present invention.
The device comprises a concentric double-ring-shaped cathode 1, a magnetic field coil 2, a first high-frequency structure 3, a second high-frequency structure 4, an outer conductor pre-modulation cavity 5, an outer conductor slow-wave structure 6, an outer electron beam collector 7, an inner conductor pre-modulation cavity 8, an inner conductor slow-wave structure 9, a drift section 10, an inner electron beam collector 11, a first beam action area 12 and a second beam action area 13.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention discloses a dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves, which works in an X wave band, and the whole device comprises a concentric dual-ring-shaped cathode, a magnetic field coil, a first high-frequency structure and a second high-frequency structure; the first high-frequency structure is formed by sequentially connecting an outer conductor pre-modulation cavity, an outer conductor slow-wave structure and an outer electron beam collector; the second high-frequency structure is formed by sequentially connecting an inner conductor pre-modulation cavity, an inner conductor slow-wave structure, a drift section and an inner electron beam collector; the area between the outer conductor slow wave structure and the inner conductor slow wave structure is a first beam wave action area, and the area below the inner conductor slow wave structure is a second beam wave action area; the end of the outer electron beam collector is directly connected with the second high-frequency structure to form a whole. The whole device structure is an ideal conductor, and the beam wave action area is vacuum.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional model of the present invention, which uses a cylindrical coordinate system and has a z-axis in the horizontal direction and an r-axis in the vertical direction. As shown in the figure, the dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube provided by the invention comprises a concentric dual-ring-shaped cathode 1, a magnetic field coil 2, a first high-frequency structure 3 and a second high-frequency structure 4.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first high-frequency structure 3 includes an outer conductor pre-modulation cavity 5, an outer conductor slow-wave structure 6 and an outer electron beam collector 7; as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the second high-frequency structure 4 includes an inner conductor pre-modulation cavity 8, an inner conductor slow-wave structure 9, a drift section 10, and an inner electron beam collector 11.
The region between the outer conductor slow-wave structure 6 and the inner conductor slow-wave structure 9 forms a first beam action region 12, and the region below the inner conductor slow-wave structure 9 is a second beam action region 13.
In the preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a concentric double ring cathode 1 is located at the foremost end of the whole relativistic backward wave tube, and is exploded and emitted under the action of 463kV high voltage pulse to generate two rows of ring electron beams, the current intensity of the outer electron beam is 10.5kA, and the current intensity of the inner electron beam is 6.7 kA.
The first high-frequency structure 3 and the second high-frequency structure 4 are positioned behind the concentric double annular cathode 1; the first high-frequency structure 3 is sequentially provided with an outer conductor pre-modulation cavity 5, an outer conductor slow-wave structure 6 and an outer electron beam collector 7 from front to back; the second high-frequency structure 4 sequentially comprises an inner conductor pre-modulation cavity 8, an inner conductor slow-wave structure 9, a drift section 10 and an inner electron beam collector 11 from front to back; the first high-frequency structure 3 is directly connected to the second high-frequency structure 4 as a whole.
The outer conductor pre-modulation cavity 5 is a rectangular cavity, pre-modulates the outer electron beam, and has the depth of 6.5mm and the width of 6.5 mm.
The outer conductor slow wave structure 6 consists of two sections of corrugations, wherein the number of the first section of corrugation period is 4, the average radius is 54.25mm, the average corrugation period length is 11.5mm, the average corrugation depth is 4.5mm, and the chamfer angle is 3 mm; the number of the second section of corrugation period is 3, the average radius is 57.25mm, the average corrugation period length is 15.5mm, the average corrugation depth is 5.5mm, and the chamfer angle is 2 mm; meanwhile, in order to improve the power of output microwaves, the wave depth and the period length of the slow-wave structure of the outer conductor are finely adjusted, and non-uniform treatment is carried out.
The length of the groove of the outer electron beam collector 7 is 21mm, and the depth of the groove is 8.5 mm.
The inner conductor premodulation cavity 8 is a trapezoidal cavity, premodulation is carried out to the internal electron beam, and its degree of depth is 3mm, goes up the width and is 5mm, and the length of two hypotenuses is 6 mm.
The inner conductor slow wave structure 9 comprises two sections of separated rectangular slow wave structures, the number of first section of ripple periods is 3, the number of second section of ripple periods is 5, the two sections of ripples have the same structural parameters, the average radius is 36mm, the length of the ripple period is 11mm, and the ripple depth is 4 mm; the drift section 10 is 14mm in length and 38mm in radius.
The inner electron beam collector 11 has a rectangular structure, a radius of 38mm and a length of 35 mm.
The outer electron beam emitted by the concentric dual-ring cathode 1 performs beam-wave action on the first beam-wave action area 12 and the outer conductor slow-wave structure 6 to generate a first electromagnetic wave with the frequency of 9.0GHz, and the inner electron beam emitted by the concentric dual-ring cathode 1 performs beam-wave action on the second beam-wave action area 13 and the inner conductor slow-wave structure 9 to generate a second electromagnetic wave with the frequency of 9.6 GHz; the two lines of generated electromagnetic waves are naturally synthesized and then output along the same channel to obtain stable beat waves; fig. 4 shows the variation of the output power of the dual electron beam relativistic backward wave tube with time, which is obtained by simulation, and the maximum instantaneous power of the dual electron beam relativistic backward wave tube is 7.2 GW.
The magnetic field coil 2 forms a guiding magnetic field in the whole internal working area of the device, and the size of the generated axial guiding magnetic field is 3.5T.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
under the guidance of the magnetic field coil 2, the outer electron beam and the outer conductor slow-wave structure 6 generate beam action in the first beam action area 12 to generate a first electromagnetic wave with the frequency of 9.0GHz, and the inner electron beam and the inner conductor slow-wave structure 9 generate beam action in the second beam action area 13 to generate a second electromagnetic wave with the frequency of 9.6 GHz. Two lines of electromagnetic waves are naturally synthesized in the device to generate beat waves, and the beat waves radiate outwards along the same output port. The inner conductor slow wave structure and the outer conductor slow wave structure and the corresponding inner conductor premodulation cavity and the outer conductor premodulation cavity can be adjusted correspondingly according to the working frequency of the actual device.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves is characterized by comprising a concentric dual-annular cathode (1), a magnetic field coil (2), a first high-frequency structure (3) and a second high-frequency structure (4);
the first high-frequency structure (3) is formed by sequentially connecting an outer conductor pre-modulation cavity (5), an outer conductor slow-wave structure (6) and an outer electron beam collector (7); the second high-frequency structure (4) is formed by sequentially connecting an inner conductor pre-modulation cavity (8), an inner conductor slow-wave structure (9), a drift section (10) and an inner electron beam collector (11);
a first wave action area (12) is formed in an area between the outer conductor slow-wave structure (6) and the inner conductor slow-wave structure (9), and a second wave action area (13) is arranged in an area below the inner conductor slow-wave structure (9);
the tail end of the outer electron beam collector (7) is connected with the second high-frequency structure (4) to form a whole, and the magnetic field coil (2) can generate an axial guiding magnetic field;
the concentric double-ring cathode (1) is arranged at the front ends of the first high-frequency structure (3) and the second high-frequency structure (4) and can emit two rows of annular electron beams simultaneously, and the two rows of electron beams respectively perform beam wave action with the outer conductor slow wave structure (6) and the inner conductor slow wave structure (9) to generate electromagnetic waves with different frequencies;
an outer electron beam collector (7) and an inner electron beam collector (11) of the first high-frequency structure (3) are connected to form a whole, a rectangular groove used for collecting an outer electron beam is correspondingly formed in the outer electron beam collector (7) corresponding to the first beam action area (12), and the two microwaves with different frequencies are naturally synthesized in the whole device to obtain beat waves and are radiated outwards along the same output port.
2. The dual electron beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first beam application region (12), the outer electron beam emitted from the concentric dual ring cathode (1) performs beam application with the outer conductor slow wave structure (6) to generate a first electromagnetic wave; in the second beam action region (13), the inner electron beams emitted by the concentric double annular cathode (1) and the inner conductor slow wave structure (9) carry out beam action to generate second electromagnetic waves.
3. The dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the outer conductor slow-wave structure (6) is composed of two rectangular waves subjected to chamfering treatment, and the two rectangular waves have different periods and different wave depths.
4. The dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the inner conductor slow wave structure (9) comprises two separate rectangular ripple slow wave structures, the periods of the two rectangular ripples are different, and the two rectangular ripples are connected through the drift section (10).
5. The dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the ripple depth and the period length of the outer-conductor slow-wave structure (6) and the inner-conductor slow-wave structure (9) are both non-uniformly processed.
6. The dual electron beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual frequency microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the first beam application region (12) and the second beam application region (13) are both vacuum regions.
7. The dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the outer conductor pre-modulation cavity (5) is a rectangular cavity, and the inner conductor pre-modulation cavity (8) is a trapezoidal cavity.
8. The dual-electron-beam relativistic backward wave tube capable of directly outputting dual-frequency microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the outer electron-beam collector (7) is provided with a rectangular groove for collecting the outer electron beam.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR2423055A2 (en) * | 1978-04-11 | 1979-11-09 | Thomson Csf | REGRESSIVE WAVES OSCILLATOR TUBE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RADIOELECTRIC WAVES IN HYPERFREQUENCY, OPERATING BY FREQUENCY MULTIPLICATION |
| US5281894A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1994-01-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dual cavity for a dual frequency gyrotron |
| CN102208315B (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Compact relativity backward wave oscillator (RBWO) with adjustable low-frequency-range frequency |
| CN104362060B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-10-19 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | A kind of Filled Dielectrics compact Relativistic backward-wave oscillator |
| CN105280462B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-04-26 | 西北核技术研究所 | Relativistic backward wave oscillator for generating linearly polarized TE11 mode directly |
| CN205723436U (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-11-23 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of L-band, the controlled high-power pulsed ion beams of Ku waveband double-frequency |
| CN105869972B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-03-20 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | One kind is greatly across the controllable Relativistic backward-wave oscillator of waveband double-frequency |
| CN106098510B (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-03-16 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of repetition downfield axial direction C-band high-power pulsed ion beams |
| CN206003738U (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-03-08 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of Relativistic backward-wave oscillator producing three frequencies |
| CN107527781B (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2020-04-28 | 电子科技大学 | Double-frequency relativistic backward wave oscillator capable of directly outputting TE11 mode electromagnetic waves |
| CN109192640B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-07-05 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | X, Ka-waveband-crossing frequency-adjustable relativistic backward wave oscillator |
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