CN110600353A - Parallel coupling slow wave circuit backward wave tube - Google Patents
Parallel coupling slow wave circuit backward wave tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN110600353A CN110600353A CN201910833268.6A CN201910833268A CN110600353A CN 110600353 A CN110600353 A CN 110600353A CN 201910833268 A CN201910833268 A CN 201910833268A CN 110600353 A CN110600353 A CN 110600353A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
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Abstract
The invention discloses a parallel coupling slow wave circuit backward wave tube, which adopts a multi-electron beam electron gun and a plurality of slow wave structures, wherein the obtained backward waves of the slow wave structures are superposed, meanwhile, a coupling structure is arranged between two adjacent slow wave structures, the coupling structure is a metal partition wall, and holes are arranged at intervals between square annular grids in the coupling structure, so that the slow wave structures are combined to form a parallel coupling slow wave circuit, the coupling structure of the parallel slow wave circuit enables a high-frequency field and a space charge field between the slow wave structures to be effectively coupled, the purposes of locking the phase of the high-frequency field between the slow wave structures and improving the interaction efficiency are achieved, the output power is greater than the simple addition of the power of each slow wave structure, and the output power and the efficiency are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronic devices, and particularly relates to a backward wave tube, wherein a high-frequency slow wave structure of the backward wave tube is a parallel coupling slow wave circuit.
Background
As a classical microwave source device, a backward wave tube is a high-power and high-efficiency radiation source. In addition, the backward wave tube also has the characteristics of good monochromatic characteristic, signal stability, frequency tuning characteristic and compact structural appearance, can work by continuous waves, can cover the whole low-frequency section of terahertz, and can even reach several THz after frequency multiplication. At present, in a 1THz frequency band, a return wave tube can only generate power output in a milliwatt level, and the requirements of communication, biology and other applications cannot be met.
When the backward wave tube is developed to a high frequency band, the main reason for reducing the power level of the backward wave tube is to restrict the size common degree effect of the vacuum microwave device, namely, the size of the high frequency structure of the device is correspondingly reduced along with the shortening of the working wavelength. The processing difficulty is increased after the size is reduced, and the assembly becomes difficult; the electron beam path is correspondingly smaller and the current available is correspondingly smaller while maintaining the same current density. These factors, together, not only reduce the output power and efficiency of the high frequency return wave tube, but also make it difficult to process and implement.
The existing approaches to solve the above difficulties to date mainly include three aspects of improving the processing technology level of the high-frequency structure and developing new processing modes to adapt to the processing of the fine structure, increasing the current density and improving the performance of the slow-wave structure.
The fine structure processing methods include various machining methods, UV-LIGA, DRIE, and the like, but these processing methods cannot solve the current efficiency problem. Increasing the current density is achieved by improving the performance of various bunching systems, which, while increasing the total current available to the return-wave tube, is limited and can make bunching difficult and tube circulation poor. Although various improved high-frequency structures are proposed, the performance of the return wave tube can be improved only partially by improving various slow-wave circuits, and the output power and efficiency of the return wave tube cannot be improved greatly. These prior research and technical approaches only improve or mitigate to some extent the difficulties presented by the size-common effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a backward wave tube of a parallel coupling slow wave circuit so as to improve the output power and efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a parallel coupling slow wave circuit backward wave tube, comprising:
a multi-electron beam electron gun for generating a plurality of electron beams;
a plurality of slow wave structures arranged in parallel and aligned, each electron beam of the electron beams enters a corresponding electron beam channel of the slow wave structure, the slow wave structure is formed by arranging a plurality of square ring grids at the same distance along a straight line, a square hole formed in the middle of each square ring grid is an electron beam channel hole, the electron beam channel holes of the plurality of square ring grids form an electron beam channel, and the structures of the slow wave structures are the same (the square ring grids and the intervals between the square ring grids are aligned)
The coupling structure is arranged between two adjacent slow-wave structures, the coupling structure is a metal partition wall, and open holes are formed in the coupling structure at intervals between square annular grids;
the focusing system counteracts the space charge repulsive force of the electron beams by using magnetic field force, and restrains each electron beam so that each electron beam can smoothly pass through the whole electron beam channel entering the slow wave structure respectively without being intercepted;
and the reflection output port (return wave tube output port) is positioned at the electron injection inlets of the slow wave structures, and is used for superposing the energy of the electromagnetic waves (return waves) reflected back in each slow wave structure and outputting the electromagnetic waves.
The invention aims to realize the following steps:
the invention relates to a parallel coupling slow wave circuit backward wave tube, which adopts a multi-electron beam electron gun and a plurality of slow wave structures, wherein the obtained backward waves of the slow wave structures are superposed, meanwhile, a coupling structure is arranged between two adjacent slow wave structures, the coupling structure is a metal partition wall, and holes are arranged at intervals between square annular grids in the coupling structure, so that the slow wave structures are combined to form a parallel coupling slow wave circuit, the coupling structure of the parallel slow wave circuit enables a high-frequency field and a space charge field between the slow wave structures to be effectively coupled, the purposes of locking the phase of the high-frequency field between the slow wave structures and improving the interaction efficiency are achieved, the output power is greater than the simple addition of the power of each slow wave structure, and the output power and the efficiency are greatly improved.
In addition, the invention also has the following beneficial effects:
1. the parallel coupling slow wave circuit backward wave tubes connect slow wave structures in parallel, each slow wave structure has the same frequency band and the performance of the slow wave structure similar to that of the traditional backward wave tube in similar design, and the electron beam channel size of each slow wave structure is also similar to that of the traditional design;
2. compared with the traditional slow wave circuit return wave tube, the parallel coupling slow wave circuit return wave tube does not need to increase the current density, so the parallel coupling slow wave circuit return wave tube does not increase the realization difficulty of a bunching system; in addition, under the condition of equivalent output performance, the current density of the invention can be greatly reduced, the bunching difficulty is also greatly reduced, the circulation rate is greatly increased, and the stability of the tube is improved;
3. compared with the traditional slow wave circuit return wave tube, the high-frequency slow wave structure of the parallel coupling slow wave circuit return wave tube is a parallel coupling slow wave circuit, the parallel coupling slow wave circuit is formed by connecting a plurality of same traditional slow wave structures in parallel, the output ports of the return wave tubes are connected in parallel while the slow wave structures are connected in parallel, the power of each parallel slow wave structure is subjected to energy superposition at the reflection output port (the return wave tube output port), and thus the output power of the return wave tube can be multiplied;
4. compared with the traditional slow wave circuit return wave tube, the parallel coupling slow wave circuit return wave tube is formed by connecting a plurality of slow wave structures in parallel, and a proper coupling structure is added while the slow wave structures are connected in parallel, so that space charge fields among all parallel electron beams are also mutually coupled, the output power of the return wave tube is not only the sum of the outputs of all traditional single slow wave circuit return wave tubes but also is larger than the sum of all parallel slow wave circuits, and the output efficiency is also improved;
5. the parallel coupling slow wave circuit backward wave tube can increase the efficiency of injection-wave interaction, and the increase of the efficiency of the injection-wave interaction can increase the energy of electron beam crossing in unit length, thereby increasing the line field, further advancing the saturation length of the backward wave tube and shortening the saturation tube length of the backward wave tube to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a backward wave tube of a parallel coupled slow wave circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coupling structure between two adjacent slow wave structures;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the dimensions of a single electron beam single period grating-loaded rectangular waveguide slow wave structure;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a slow-wave circuit of a single-electron beam return-wave tube and an output port of the return-wave tube;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a slow-wave circuit of a single-electron beam return-wave tube and an output port of the return-wave tube;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the output signal of the backward wave tube of the single electron beam slow wave circuit;
FIG. 7 is a frequency spectrum diagram of an output signal of a backward wave tube of the single electron beam slow wave circuit;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a slow wave circuit coupled in parallel with a dual electron beam return wave tube and an output port of the return wave tube;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a parallel coupled slow wave circuit with dual electron beam return tubes and the output ports of the return tubes;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the output signal of a backward wave tube of a dual electron beam parallel coupling slow wave circuit;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the spectrum of the output signal of the backward wave tube of the dual electron beam parallel coupling slow wave circuit;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a parallel coupling slow-wave circuit of four electron beam return tubes.
FIG. 13 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a parallel-coupled slow-wave circuit with four electron beam return tubes.
Fig. 14 is a graph of output signals of the return wave tube of the four-electron-beam parallel coupling slow-wave circuit.
Fig. 15 is a frequency spectrum diagram of the output signal of the backward wave tube of the four-electron-beam parallel coupling slow-wave circuit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a backward wave tube of a parallel coupling slow-wave circuit according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the backward wave tube of the parallel coupling slow-wave circuit of the present invention includes: the electron gun comprises a multi-electron beam electron gun 1, a reflection output port, namely a backward wave tube output port 2, a collector 3, a focusing system 4, a plurality of slow wave structures and a parallel coupling slow wave circuit 5 consisting of the plurality of coupling structures.
The multi-electron beam electron gun 1 is used for generating a plurality of electron beams, particularly generating a plurality of electron beams with certain shapes and current intensity, accelerating the electron beams to a certain speed so as to exchange energy with an electromagnetic field on a slow wave structure.
The reflection output port (backward wave tube output port) 2 is located at the electron injection inlets of the slow wave structures, and superposes the energy of the electromagnetic waves (backward waves) reflected back in each slow wave structure and outputs the electromagnetic waves. When the slow wave structures are connected in parallel, the energy output is transferred to one port, namely the reflection output port 2, so that the output energy of the slow wave structures can be superposed.
The collector 3 is used for collecting electrons after the energy conversion with the electromagnetic field is finished, and the electrons which complete the injection-wave interaction still have high speed and need to hit the collector to be converted into heat to be dissipated.
The focusing system 4 counteracts the space charge repulsion force of the electron beams by magnetic field force, and restrains each electron beam to smoothly pass through the whole electron beam channel entering the slow wave structure respectively without being intercepted.
The plurality of slow wave structures and the plurality of coupling structures form a parallel coupling slow wave circuit 5, wherein:
the slow wave structures are arranged in parallel in an aligned mode, each electron beam of the multiple electron beams enters the corresponding electron beam channel of one slow wave structure, the slow wave structures are formed by arranging a plurality of square annular grids at the same distance along a straight line, square holes formed in the middle of the square annular grids are electron beam channel holes, the electron beam channel holes of the square annular grids form electron beam channels, and the slow wave structures are identical in structure (the square annular grids and the intervals between the square annular grids are aligned);
as shown in fig. 2, a coupling structure 502 is disposed between two adjacent slow-wave structures 501, the coupling structure 502 is a metal partition wall, and openings 5021 are disposed at intervals between the square ring-shaped gratings in the coupling structure. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a coupling structure between two adjacent slow wave structures, wherein reference numeral 5011 denotes an electron beam channel.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the adopted slow wave structure is a grid-loaded rectangular waveguide slow wave structure, and includes a square ring grid and a square electron beam channel in the middle of the square ring grid, the square ring grid is a completely symmetrical structure, n square ring grids are periodically arranged along the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, and the arrangement distance is larger than the thickness of the grid itself. In this embodiment, the width D of the square ring grid is 0.38mm, the height B is 0.38mm, the width C of the square electron beam channel hole is 0.1mm, the height a is 0.1mm, the thickness E is 0.04mm, and the cycle length pitch is 0.1 mm.
Further, when the n single-period grating-loaded rectangular waveguide slow-wave structures are periodically arranged in one direction, the central axes of the n single-period grating-loaded rectangular waveguide slow-wave structures (namely, the square ring gratings) are collinear.
Furthermore, an input-output matching transmission structure is added at two ends of the arrayed slow wave structure, and the structure comprises two rectangular waveguide ports with the height larger than that of the slow wave structure and a waveguide gradual transition structure.
Furthermore, an electron beam channel port is added to the structure, so that a single electron beam slow wave circuit is formed.
Furthermore, on the basis of the single-electron-beam slow-wave circuit, the value of the width of the slow-wave structure is translated along the width direction of the slow-wave structure, and the single-cycle slow-wave circuit structure is copied, so that the double-electron-beam parallel coupling slow-wave circuit is formed.
Furthermore, the dual-electron-beam parallel coupling slow-wave circuit is connected in parallel according to the method to form the four-electron-beam parallel coupling slow-wave circuit.
Furthermore, the four electron beam parallel coupling slow wave circuits are connected in parallel according to the method to form the eight electron beam parallel coupling slow wave circuit.
Fig. 4 and 5 are longitudinal and transverse cross-sectional views of the single-electron beam return wave tube slow-wave circuit and the output port of the return wave tube.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the single-electron beam return wave tube slow wave circuit is composed of a slow wave structure 501, and has an electron beam passage 5011, the return wave tube output port 2 has a width port _ width of 0.38mm, a height port _ height of 1mm, and a thickness port _ thickness of 0.06 mm. In this embodiment, the single-electron beam return wave tube slow wave circuit further has a transmission output port 6, and when the transmission output port 6 is used as a return wave tube, the transmission output port 6 is not used. By calculating the wave injection interaction of the single electron beam parallel coupling slow wave circuit in the embodiment, the working voltage of the electron beam is 24kV, and the current is 51.2 mA. The results are shown in fig. 6 and 7, and it can be seen that the backward wave tube operates stably and the signal spectrum is pure. Fig. 6 shows that the saturation output power of the return wave tube of the one-electron-beam coupled slow-wave circuit is 0.93 × 0.93/2W, 432mW, the saturation tube length is 0.1 × 120, 12mm, and fig. 7 shows that the spectrum diagram of the output signal is pure, and the oscillation frequency is 670.6 GHz.
Fig. 8 and 9 are a structural diagram and a longitudinal sectional view of a dual-electron-beam return-wave tube parallel coupling slow-wave circuit and an output port of the return-wave tube. The parallel coupling slow wave circuit is formed by connecting two slow wave structures 501 in parallel, and is provided with two electron beam channels 5011, the width of the output port 2 of the backward wave tube is port _ width of 0.76mm, the height of the output port is port _ height of 1mm, and the thickness of the output port is port _ thickness of 0.06 mm. The structural parameters of the double-electron-beam parallel coupling slow wave circuit are completely the same as those of a single-electron-beam slow wave circuit, but two slow wave structures are connected in parallel.
The electron beam parallel coupling slow wave circuit beam interaction is calculated, wherein the electron beam working voltage is 24kV, and the current is 51.2X 2-102.4 mA. The results are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, and it can be seen that the tube operates stably and the signal spectrum is pure. As can be seen from fig. 10, the saturation output power of the backward wave tube of the dual-electron-beam parallel coupling slow-wave circuit is 1.5 × 1.5/2W, 1125mW, which is greater than twice the output power 432mW of the backward wave tube of the single-electron-beam coupling slow-wave circuit, the saturation tube length is 0.1 × 115, 11.5mm, and as can be seen from fig. 11, the spectrogram of the output signal is pure, and the oscillation frequency is 670.6 GHz.
Fig. 12 and 13 are a structural diagram and a longitudinal sectional view of a parallel coupling slow wave circuit of a dual electron beam return wave tube and an output port of the return wave tube. The parallel coupling slow wave circuit is formed by connecting four slow wave structures 501 in parallel, and has four electron beam channels 5011, the width of the output port of the backward wave tube output port 2 is 1.52mm, the height is 1mm, and the thickness is 0.06 mm. The structural parameters of the four-electron-beam parallel coupling slow wave circuit are completely the same as those of the single-electron-beam slow wave circuit, but four same slow wave structures are connected in parallel.
The wave interaction of a four-electron-beam parallel coupling slow wave circuit is calculated, wherein the working voltage of an electron beam is 24kV, and the current is 51.2X 4-204.8 mA. The results are shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, and it can be seen that the tube operates stably and the signal spectrum is pure. As can be seen from fig. 14, the saturation output power of the return wave tube of the four-electron-beam parallel coupling slow-wave circuit is 2.15 × 2.15/2W, which is 2311.25mW, and is four times greater than the output power 432mW of the return wave tube of the single-electron-beam coupling slow-wave circuit, the saturation tube length is 0.1 × 110 mm, which is 11mm, and fig. 15 shows that the spectrogram of the output signal is pure, and the oscillation frequency is 670.6 GHz.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (1)
1. A parallel coupling slow wave circuit backward wave tube is characterized by comprising:
a multi-electron beam electron gun for generating a plurality of electron beams;
a plurality of slow wave structures arranged in parallel and aligned, each electron beam of the electron beams enters a corresponding electron beam channel of the slow wave structure, the slow wave structure is formed by arranging a plurality of square ring grids at the same distance along a straight line, a square hole formed in the middle of each square ring grid is an electron beam channel hole, the electron beam channel holes of the plurality of square ring grids form an electron beam channel, and the structures of the slow wave structures are the same (the square ring grids and the intervals between the square ring grids are aligned)
The coupling structure is arranged between two adjacent slow-wave structures, the coupling structure is a metal partition wall, and open holes are formed in the coupling structure at intervals between square annular grids;
the focusing system counteracts the space charge repulsive force of the electron beams by using magnetic field force, and restrains each electron beam so that each electron beam can smoothly pass through the whole electron beam channel entering the slow wave structure respectively without being intercepted;
and the reflection output port (return wave tube output port) is positioned at the electron injection inlets of the slow wave structures, and is used for superposing the energy of the electromagnetic waves (return waves) reflected back in each slow wave structure and outputting the electromagnetic waves.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111383875A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-07 | 电子科技大学 | Electromagnetic wave generator with secondary electron multiplication film coated on inner wall |
| CN113223910A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-06 | 电子科技大学 | Parallel multi-electron-beam flat-top type sine waveguide slow wave structure |
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| US20150256139A1 (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-10 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Epsilon negative loaded traveling wave tube |
| CN105261539A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2016-01-20 | 电子科技大学 | Low-voltage extended interaction slow-wave device |
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| CN111383875A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-07 | 电子科技大学 | Electromagnetic wave generator with secondary electron multiplication film coated on inner wall |
| CN113223910A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-06 | 电子科技大学 | Parallel multi-electron-beam flat-top type sine waveguide slow wave structure |
| CN113223910B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-03-11 | 电子科技大学 | Parallel multi-electron-beam flat-top type sine waveguide slow wave structure |
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