CN112680826A - Polyamide sea-island fiber and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Polyamide sea-island fiber and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112680826A CN112680826A CN201910993562.3A CN201910993562A CN112680826A CN 112680826 A CN112680826 A CN 112680826A CN 201910993562 A CN201910993562 A CN 201910993562A CN 112680826 A CN112680826 A CN 112680826A
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/02—Heat treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
- D01D5/092—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes in shafts or chimneys
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of polyamide materials, in particular to a polyamide sea-island fiber and a preparation method and application thereof. In the polyamide island fiber, the island component is polyamide resin, is selected from one of polyamide 56, polyamide 510, polyamide 511, polyamide 512, polyamide 513, polyamide 514, polyamide 515 and polyamide 516, and is preferably polyamide 56 and polyamide 510; the sea component is one of polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polystyrene, water soluble polyester, polyester and polyurethane, preferably polyethylene, low density polyethylene and water soluble polyester. The polyamide sea-island fiber has the advantages of good mechanical property, good flexibility, good dyeing property, high grade of dyeing gray card, large dye-uptake, deep dyeing and high color fastness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polyamide materials, and relates to a polyamide sea-island fiber, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Sea-island type composite fibers, also called super-conjugate fibers, are formed by embedding one polymer in another polymer (matrix) in an extremely fine form (fibrils), and are also called sea-island fibers because the dispersed phase fibrils are island-like in the cross section of the fiber. Sea-island fiber is dissolved to remove sea component to obtain superfine fiber. The island can be divided into a fixed island and an indefinite island according to different distribution rules of the islands. The islands of the figured fiber are uniformly distributed and fixed, and are generally spun by a compounding method, that is, two polymers are spun by a melt compounding spinning machine and a special spinning pack, wherein one component is uniformly distributed in the other polymer (sea component) like islands. The island of the adventitious island fiber is not fixed and not uniform enough, the thickness difference is large, the thinnest is thinner than that of the adventitious island fiber, but the thickness can be more than 0.1dtex, and blend spinning is mainly adopted. The sea component in the sea-island type composite fiber is water-soluble polymer, and is hydrolyzed and dissolved to obtain island components, so that superfine fiber with the linear density of 0.03-0.3 dtex is formed, and the sea-island type composite fiber is mainly used for suede material. Or dissolving off island components to obtain the hollow fiber which is mainly applied to the adsorption material.
The superfine special effect of the sea-island fiber enables the sea-island fiber to have excellent performances which can not be achieved by common fibers: 1, the hand feeling is soft and exquisite, and the bending rigidity is obviously reduced; 2, the flexibility is good, and the bending rigidity is improved; 3, the luster is soft, and the diffused light is increased; 4, high cleaning capacity and increased contact area; 5 high water absorption and oil absorption; 6, a high-density structure; 7, the heat retention property and the still air are more.
The product has the advantages of hygroscopicity, softness and comfortableness of natural leather, good chemical resistance, high physical property, water resistance, light weight and the like, and is mainly used in the fields of clothing, home textiles, industrial use and the like. The clothes comprise wool-like, silk-like, leather-like, peach skin-like, suede-like, high-density waterproof fabrics, warm-keeping materials, safety shoes and the like; the home textile field comprises high-performance cleaning cloth, sofa cloth, curtain cloth, bags and the like; the industrial fields comprise electronic product protection equipment, automotive interior, high-performance suction and filtration materials, high-oil absorption materials and high-water absorption materials.
The sea-island composite fiber has small linear density, large specific surface area, more and fast dye adsorption, small fiber radius, short dye diffusion path entering the fiber, short diffusion time, easy dye penetration, high fiber amorphous area content and fast dye-uptake, thus causing poor leveling property of the sea-island fiber. Because the superfine fiber has large surface area, not smooth enough surface, more dye consumption, more dye and difficult washing, the dyeing wet fastness of the superfine fiber fabric is lower than that of the conventional fiber.
CN 106987923A discloses a dope-dyed black sea-island fiber, which solves the problem that the sea-island fiber is difficult to dye and has poor color fastness, and comprises a sea component and an island component, wherein the island component comprises 1-60% of black master batch and 10-90% of polyamide 6 or polyester by weight, the sea component is alkali-soluble polyester, the titer is less than 0.08dtex after fiber opening treatment, the blackness L value is less than 15, and the color fastness is not lower than 4 grade. The sea-island fiber is black and has single color, so that the application field of the sea-island fiber is limited.
CN 106435821 a discloses a blended melt sea-island fiber, superfine fiber and their preparation methods. Wherein the island component is polyamide and the sea component is water-soluble polyester compound, the polyamide and the water-soluble polyester are blended and melt spun, and the sea-island fiber is further placed in hot water to be subjected to water-alkali treatment to remove the polyester sea component, so that the polyamide superfine fiber is obtained. In the examples, the island component is selected from polyamide 6 and polyamide 66, and the sea component is selected from water-soluble polyesters. The island fiber is prepared by adopting a blending spinning method, the island component is used as a disperse phase, the sea component is used as a matrix, the blending is not uniform in the processing process, the island component is easily distributed unevenly, the thickness difference of the components after fiber splitting is large, the subsequent dyeing is influenced, and the color difference phenomenon is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a polyamide sea-island fiber which has better mechanical property, better flexibility and good dyeing property.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of polyamide island fiber, wherein the island component polyamide is made of non-petroleum-based (i.e. bio-based) material, which does not produce great pollution and is beneficial to environmental protection.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the polyamide sea-island fiber.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is as follows:
[ A polyamide sea-island fiber ]
The polyamide sea-island fiber is characterized in that the island component is polyamide resin and is selected from one of polyamide 56, polyamide 510, polyamide 511, polyamide 512, polyamide 513, polyamide 514, polyamide 515 and polyamide 516, preferably polyamide 56 and polyamide 510; the sea component is one of polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polystyrene, water soluble polyester, polyester and polyurethane, preferably polyethylene, low density polyethylene and water soluble polyester.
The island component can be macrogloss, semi-gloss, full gloss, and mixtures thereof.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the island component polyamide resin has a relative viscosity of 2.4 to 3.0, preferably 2.5 to 2.9, more preferably 2.6 to 2.8; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component of the sea-island fiber is 20-80:80-20, and more preferably 30-70: 70-30.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the sea-island fibers comprise islands-in-sea fibers and islands-in-sea fibers; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the island number of the figured sea-island fiber is 16-500;
in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the denier of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 10 to 300dtex, preferably 20 to 200dtex, more preferably 30 to 100 dtex; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the breaking strength of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 2.0-5.0cN/dtex, preferably 2.5-4.5cN/dtex, more preferably 3.0-4.0 cN/dtex; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the elongation at break of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 30-80%, preferably 40-70%, more preferably 45-60%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the initial modulus of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 20-50cN/dtex, preferably 23-45cN/dtex, more preferably 28-38 cN/dtex; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the monofilament titer of the island component of the polyamide island fiber after fiber opening is 0.001 to 0.2dtex, preferably 0.005 to 0.1dtex, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.05 dtex; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the K/S value of the polyamide sea-island fiber is not less than 15, preferably not less than 20, and more preferably not less than 25; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the dye uptake of the polyamide sea-island fiber is more than or equal to 90 percent, preferably more than or equal to 93 percent, and more preferably more than or equal to 96 percent; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the dyeing uniformity (gray card) of the polyamide sea-island fiber is not less than 3.5 grade, preferably not less than 4.0 grade, and more preferably not less than 4.5 grade; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
soaping fastness of the polyamide sea-island fiber: the color fastness is more than or equal to 3.0 grade, preferably more than or equal to 3.5 grade, further preferably more than or equal to 4.0 grade, and further preferably more than or equal to 4.5 grade; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the sea-island polyamide fiber has a color fastness of at least 3.0, preferably at least 3.5, more preferably at least 4.0, and even more preferably at least 4.5.
[ Process for producing sea-island Polyamide fiber ]
A method for preparing the sea-island fiber of the sea-island type as described above, comprising the steps of:
1) heating and melting the island component and the sea component resin respectively according to a certain proportion to obtain two melts, conveying the two melts into a spinning manifold through a melt pipeline, accurately metering the melts by a metering pump respectively, injecting the melts into a sea-island composite component in the spinning manifold, distributing the melts through a distribution pipe in the component, and converging and extruding the melts at a spinneret orifice inlet; wherein the island component water content is less than 1500ppm, and the sea component water content is less than 300 ppm;
2) cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the nascent fiber extruded in the step 1) to obtain the sea-island fiber.
The heating in step 1) is carried out in a screw extruder, which is preferably divided into five zones of heating;
island component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 200-260 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 230-280 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 240-290 ℃; the temperature of the fourth area is 260 ℃ and 300 ℃; the temperature of the five regions is 270-310 ℃;
sea component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 120-220 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 140 ℃ and 240 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 160-260 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 180-280 ℃; the temperature of the five regions is 160-290 ℃; for the sea-island fiber, the reasonable adjustment of the temperature of the two melts is the key to control the cross-sectional shape of the composite of the two components. When the temperature is too high or too low, the cross-sectional shape of the primary yarn is changed, the uniformity of the cross-sectional shape is reduced, generally speaking, the viscosity difference of two polymer melts affects the cross-sectional shape, if the viscosity difference of the two melts is too much, the uniformity of the cross-sectional shape is affected, even island components are adhered, even the island components are solid, so that the island components cannot be separated in the post-processing fiber opening process, therefore, a proper spinning temperature is selected during spinning, and the melt viscosity of the island components is matched under the temperature determined by adjusting the process.
In the step 1), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 200-300 ℃; the pressure of the island component assembly is 10.0-15.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component assembly is 8.0-15.0MPa, and the pressure difference of the sea-island assembly is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
In the step 2), cooling is carried out by adopting side blowing or circular blowing; the wind speed is 0.2-1.2m/s, preferably 0.2-1.0m/s, more preferably 0.3-0.8 m/s; the air temperature of the cross air blow is 15-30 ℃, preferably 20-27 ℃, and more preferably 22-25 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the oiling concentration is 0.2-1.0 wt%, preferably 0.3-0.8 wt%, more preferably 0.4-0.6 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated by relative weight of the fiber; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the stretching process comprises the following steps: leading the oiled nascent fiber to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, wherein the stretching ratio is preferably 2.0-5.0, and more preferably 2.5-3.0; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the setting temperature is 150-220 ℃, preferably 160-200 ℃, and more preferably 170-180 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the winding speed is 1000-6000m/min, preferably 2000-5000m/min, and more preferably 2500-4000 m/min.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method further comprises, subjecting the sea-island fiber obtained in step 2) to a fiber opening treatment in a solvent to remove the sea component;
the solvent is toluene, xylene and 1-10 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution; the fiber opening temperature is 60-100 ℃, preferably 65-95 ℃, and more preferably 75-85 ℃; the fiber opening time is 10-70min, preferably 20-60min, more preferably 30-50 min; the bath ratio is 1:10-1:80, preferably 1:20-1:60, more preferably 1:30-1: 40;
the weight loss ratio of the sea-island fiber is 20-50 wt%, preferably 25-45 wt%, more preferably 30-40 wt%.
A process for preparing the above-mentioned island-in-sea fiber of indefinite island type, which comprises the steps of:
a) uniformly mixing the island component and the sea component according to a certain proportion, heating and melting, conveying the blended melt into a spinning manifold through a melt pipeline, accurately metering by a metering pump, injecting into a single component assembly in the spinning manifold, and extruding the blended melt from a spinneret orifice; the water content of the island component is less than 1500ppm, and the water content of the sea component is less than 300 ppm;
b) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the adventitious island sea-island fiber.
The heating in step a) is carried out in a screw extruder, which is preferably divided into five zones of heating: the temperature of the first zone is 180 ℃ plus 240 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 200-260 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 220-270 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 240 ℃ and 280 ℃; the temperature of the five regions is 200-300 ℃;
in the step a), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 200-300 ℃; the pressure of the component is 10.0-25.0 MPa.
In the step b), the cooling is carried out by adopting side blowing or circular blowing; the wind speed is 0.2-1.2m/s, preferably 0.4-1.0m/s, more preferably 0.6-0.8 m/s; the air temperature of the cross air blow is 15-30 ℃, preferably 23-27 ℃, and more preferably 24-25 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the oiling concentration is 0.2-1.0 wt%, preferably 0.3-0.8 wt%, more preferably 0.4-0.6 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated by relative weight of the fiber; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the stretching process comprises the following steps: leading the oiled nascent fiber to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, wherein the stretching ratio is preferably 2.0-5.0, and more preferably 2.5-3.0; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the setting temperature is 150-220 ℃, preferably 160-200 ℃, and more preferably 170-180 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the winding speed is 1000-6000m/min, preferably 2000-5000m/min, and more preferably 2500-4000 m/min.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method further comprises opening the sea-island fiber obtained in step b) in a solvent to remove the sea component;
the solvent is toluene, xylene and 1-10 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution; the fiber opening temperature is 60-100 ℃, preferably 65-95 ℃, and more preferably 75-85 ℃; the fiber opening time is 10-70min, preferably 20-60min, more preferably 30-50 min; the bath ratio is 1:10-1:80, preferably 1:20-1:60, more preferably 1:30-1: 40;
the weight loss ratio of the sea-island fiber is 20-50 wt%, preferably 25-45 wt%, more preferably 30-40 wt%.
[ application of sea-island Polyamide fiber ]
The polyamide sea-island fiber comprises filament and short fiber and is mainly used in the fields of preparing wool-like, silk-like, leather-like, peach-like, suede-like, high-density waterproof fabrics, high-performance cleaning cloth, high-performance absorbing and filtering materials, high-oil-absorbing materials, high-water-absorbing materials, heat-insulating materials, medical materials, automotive interior materials, safety shoes, cases, handbags, sofas and the like.
Compared with the common sea-island fabric, the fabric processed by the polyamide sea-island fiber has softer hand feeling, good permeability resistance and good dyeing property. The fabric is more suitable for being used as wiping cloth, has good effect and is not easy to damage the surface of an object to be wiped. The ultra-full extinction effect of the fabric is fully embodied on the down jacket fabric and the nurse uniform. And the fiber can obtain super-pole filament with smaller titer than common sea island pole filament, soft hand feeling and good permeability resistance after splitting treatment. The production method is simple and easy to operate.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
first, the island component production raw material of the island fiber of polyamide of the present invention is made by a biological method, is a green material, does not depend on petroleum resources and does not cause serious pollution to the environment, and can reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and reduce the generation of greenhouse effect.
Secondly, the polyamide sea-island fiber has better mechanical property and better flexibility.
Thirdly, the polyamide sea-island fiber has good dyeing performance, high dyeing gray card grade, large dye uptake, deep dyeing and high color fastness.
Fourthly, the polyamide sea-island fiber has the monofilament titer of 0.01 to 0.2dtex after fiber splitting, thinner monofilament, soft and exquisite fiber hand feeling, obviously reduced bending rigidity, soft luster, larger specific surface area of the fiber and high-density structure, and is more suitable for the fields of wool-like, silk-like, leather-like, peach-like, suede-like, high-density waterproof fabric, high-performance cleaning cloth, high-performance absorbing and filtering material, high-oil-absorbing material, high-water-absorbing material, heat-insulating material, medical material, automotive interior material, safety shoes, electronic product protection equipment, bags, handbags, sofas and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
(1) Fineness:
measured according to GB/T14343.
(2) And breaking strength:
the breaking strength was measured according to GB/T14344-.
(3) Elongation at break:
elongation at break was determined according to GB/T14344-.
(4) Initial modulus:
the initial modulus is defined as the strength at break corresponding to an elongation at break of 1% measured according to GB/T14344.
(5) Weight loss rate:
the weight loss rate (wt%) is (weight of fiber before opening-weight of fiber after opening)/weight of fiber before opening x 100%;
(6) dyeing evenness (grey card)/grade:
FZ/T50008 nylon filament dyeing uniformity test method.
(7) K/S value:
the apparent color depth value is determined by the K/S value of the dyed fabric by a computer color measuring and matching instrument.
Wherein S: scattering coefficient, K: absorption coefficient, R: a reflectivity.
(8) Dye uptake:
the change in dye liquor concentration before and after dyeing was measured with a spectrophotometer.
Dye uptake (%) - (A)0-At)/A0×100％；
In the formula: a. the0The absorbance value of the characteristic absorption peak of the dye before treatment, AtIs the absorbance value of the dye at the treatment time t.
(9) Soaping fastness:
measured according to the national standard GB/T3921.1-1997.
(10) Relative viscosity:
the relative viscosity of the polyamide 5X resin is measured by a concentrated sulfuric acid method with an Ubbelohde viscometer, and the method comprises the following steps: a dried sample of the polyamide 5X resin was weighed accurately at 0.25. + -. 0.0002g, dissolved in 50mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (96%), and the flow time t of the concentrated sulfuric acid was measured and recorded in a thermostatic water bath at 25 ℃0And a flow-through time t of the polyamide 5X continuous bulked filament sample solution.
The relative viscosity is calculated by the formula: relative viscosity VN ═ t/t0；
t-solution flow time;
t0-solvent flow time.
(11) Water content:
measured according to a Karl Fischer moisture titrator.
The water-soluble polyester COPET is purchased from Shanghai Mitsui fiber Co., Ltd, has the specification of fiber grade, the intrinsic viscosity of 0.6-0.8, is a polyamide 56 chip, has the relative viscosity of 2.4-3.0, and is purchased from Kaiser (Jinxiang) biological material Co., Ltd; polyamide 6 chips, having a relative viscosity of 2.5 to 2.7, available from Jiangsu Rimefu industries, Ltd; polyamide 66 chips with a relative viscosity of 2.4-2.7, available from Hippocampus plateau plastics science and technology Limited; the polyethylene resin is purchased from Beijing Yanshan petrochemical company, and has a melt index of 10-80g/10 min.
The first embodiment is as follows:
this example provides a method for preparing sea-island fiber of polyamide 56/polyethylene, which comprises the following steps:
1) respectively drying the island component polyamide 56 and the sea component polyethylene resin, controlling the water content of the island component to be 800ppm after drying, and controlling the water content of the sea component to be 60ppm after drying;
2) heating and melting the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 70:30, the two melts are conveyed into a spinning manifold through melt pipelines, are accurately metered by metering pumps respectively, are injected into a sea-island composite component in the spinning manifold, are uniformly distributed through distribution pipes in the component, and finally the two melts are converged and extruded at the inlet of a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber.
The island number in the sea-island fiber is 51, and the cross section of the fiber is circular.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 56 resin in step 1) was 2.5.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating;
island component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 230 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 250 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 270 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 290 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 285 ℃;
sea component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 120 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 140 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 160 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 180 ℃; the temperature of the fifth area is 220 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 280 ℃; the pressure of the island component assembly is 13.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component assembly is 11.0MPa, and the pressure difference of the sea-island assembly is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling is carried out by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.5m/s, and the air temperature is 23 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.3 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 180 ℃, and the winding speed is 3500 m/min.
The sea-island fiber opening process comprises the following steps: the solvent is dimethylbenzene; the fiber opening temperature is 70 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 30 min; the bath ratio is 1: 30; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 29 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Example two:
this example provides a method for preparing sea-island fiber of polyamide 56/low density polyethylene, which comprises the following steps:
1) respectively drying the island component polyamide 56 and the sea component low-density polyethylene resin, controlling the water content of the island component to be 1000ppm after drying, and controlling the water content of the sea component to be 90ppm after drying;
2) heating and melting the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 60:40, the two melts are conveyed into a spinning manifold through melt pipelines, are accurately metered by metering pumps respectively, are injected into a sea-island composite component in the spinning manifold, are uniformly distributed through distribution pipes in the component, and finally the two melts are converged and extruded at the inlet of a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber.
The island number in the sea-island fiber is 37, and the cross section of the fiber is circular.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 56 resin in step 1) was 2.8.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating;
island component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 240 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 260 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 280 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 290 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 280 ℃;
sea component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 120 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 150 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 180 ℃; the temperature of the fourth area is 190 ℃; the temperature of the fifth area is 210 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 270 ℃; the pressure of the island component assembly is 14.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component assembly is 13.0MPa, and the pressure difference of the sea-island assembly is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.3m/s, and the air temperature is 22 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.6 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 3.2, the setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the winding speed is 4000 m/min.
The sea-island fiber opening process comprises the following steps: the solvent is toluene; the fiber opening temperature is 80 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 40 min; the bath ratio is 1: 40; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 38 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Example three:
this example provides a method for preparing sea-island fiber of polyamide 56/water-soluble polyester, which comprises the following steps:
1) respectively drying the island component polyamide 56 and the sea component water-soluble polyester resin, controlling the water content of the island component to be 500ppm after drying, and controlling the water content of the sea component to be 30ppm after drying;
2) heating and melting the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 80:20, the two melts are conveyed into a spinning manifold through melt pipelines, are accurately metered by metering pumps respectively, are injected into a sea-island composite component in the spinning manifold, are uniformly distributed through distribution pipes in the component, and finally the two melts are converged and extruded at an inlet of a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber.
The island number in the sea-island fiber is 37, and the cross section of the fiber is circular.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 56 resin in step 1) was 2.8.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating;
island component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 240 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 260 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 280 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 290 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 290 ℃;
sea component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 180 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 220 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 240 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 260 ℃; the temperature of the fifth area is 240 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 285 ℃; the pressure of the island component assembly is 14.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component assembly is 13.0MPa, and the pressure difference of the sea-island assembly is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.6m/s, and the air temperature is 25 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.5 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 2.5, the setting temperature is 160 ℃, and the winding speed is 2500 m/min.
The sea-island fiber opening process comprises the following steps: the solvent was 2.0 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide; the fiber opening temperature is 90 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 40 min; the bath ratio is 1: 20; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 19 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Example four:
this example provides a method for preparing sea-island fiber of polyamide 510/polyethylene, which comprises the following steps:
1) respectively drying the island component polyamide 510 and the sea component polyethylene, wherein the water content of the dried island component is controlled to be 900ppm, and the water content of the dried sea component is controlled to be 80 ppm;
2) heating and melting the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 65:35, conveying the two melts into a spinning manifold through melt pipelines, accurately metering the melts by metering pumps respectively, injecting the melts into a sea-island composite component in the spinning manifold, uniformly distributing the melts through distribution pipes in the component, and finally converging and extruding the two melts at an inlet of a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber.
The island number in the sea-island fiber is 51, and the cross section of the fiber is circular.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 510 resin in step 1) was 2.6.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating;
island component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 220 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 230 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 240 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 260 ℃; the temperature of the fifth area is 260 ℃;
sea component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 130 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 150 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 170 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 180 ℃; the temperature of the fifth area is 230 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 255 ℃; the pressure of the island component assembly is 12.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component assembly is 10.0MPa, and the pressure difference of the sea-island assembly is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.8m/s, and the air temperature is 22 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.4 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 2.5, the setting temperature is 130 ℃, and the winding speed is 3000 m/min.
The sea-island fiber opening process comprises the following steps: the solvent is dimethylbenzene; the fiber opening temperature is 70 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 30 min; the bath ratio is 1: 30; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 34 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Example five:
this example provides a method for preparing polyamide 56/water-soluble polyester island-type sea-island fiber, which comprises the following steps:
1) respectively drying the island component and the sea component resin, wherein the water content of the dried island component is 800ppm, and the water content of the dried sea component is 90 ppm;
2) uniformly mixing the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion, heating and melting, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 70:30, conveying the blended melt into a spinning manifold through a melt pipeline, accurately metering by a metering pump, injecting into a single component in the spinning manifold, and extruding the blended melt from a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the adventitious island sea-island fiber.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 56 resin in step 1) was 2.7.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating: the temperature of the first zone is 220 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 240 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 260 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 280 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 280 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 280 ℃; the pressure of the assembly was 16.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling is carried out by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.4m/s, and the air temperature is 24 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.3 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 170 ℃, and the winding speed is 4200 m/min.
The parameters of the sea-island fiber opening process are as follows: the solvent was 3.0 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide; the fiber opening temperature is 90 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 40 min; the bath ratio is 1: 30; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 28 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Example six:
this example provides a method for preparing polyamide 510/water-soluble polyester island-sea fibers, which comprises the following steps:
1) respectively drying the island component and the sea component resin, wherein the water content of the island component is 700ppm after drying, and the water content of the sea component is 60ppm after drying;
2) uniformly mixing the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion, heating and melting, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 60:40, conveying the blended melt into a spinning manifold through a melt pipeline, accurately metering by a metering pump, injecting into a single component assembly in the spinning manifold, and extruding the blended melt from a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the adventitious island sea-island fiber.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 510 resin in step 1) was 2.7.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating: the temperature of the first zone is 220 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 230 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 260 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 270 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 280 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 270 ℃; the pressure of the assembly was 14.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.6m/s, and the air temperature is 25 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.5 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 1.5, the setting temperature is 180 ℃, and the winding speed is 4000 m/min.
The sea-island fiber opening process comprises the following steps: the solvent was 5.0 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide; the fiber opening temperature is 85 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 50 min; the bath ratio is 1: 20; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 38 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Comparative example one:
this comparative example provides a method of preparing a polyamide 6/polyethylene islands-in-sea fiber comprising the steps of:
1) respectively drying the island component polyamide 6 and the sea component polyethylene resin, controlling the water content of the island component to be 800ppm after drying, and controlling the water content of the sea component to be 60ppm after drying;
2) heating and melting the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion respectively, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 70:30, the two melts are conveyed into a spinning manifold through melt pipelines, are accurately metered by metering pumps respectively, are injected into a sea-island composite component in the spinning manifold, are uniformly distributed through distribution pipes in the component, and finally the two melts are converged and extruded at the inlet of a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber.
The island number in the sea-island fiber is 51, and the cross section of the fiber is circular.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 6 resin in step 1) was 2.5.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating;
island component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 220 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 230 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 240 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 260 ℃; the temperature of the five zones is 275 ℃;
sea component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 120 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 140 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 160 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 180 ℃; the temperature of the fifth area is 220 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 250 ℃; the pressure of the island component assembly is 12.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component assembly is 11.0MPa, and the pressure difference of the sea-island assembly is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling is carried out by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.5m/s, and the air temperature is 23 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.3 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 180 ℃, and the winding speed is 3500 m/min.
The sea-island fiber opening process comprises the following steps: the solvent is dimethylbenzene; the fiber opening temperature is 70 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 30 min; the bath ratio is 1: 30; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 28 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Comparative example two:
this comparative example provides a process for preparing polyamide 6/water-soluble polyester island-in-sea fibers comprising the steps of:
1) respectively drying the island component and the sea component resin, wherein the water content of the dried island component is 800ppm, and the water content of the dried sea component is 90 ppm;
2) uniformly mixing the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion, heating and melting, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 70:30, conveying the blended melt into a spinning manifold through a melt pipeline, accurately metering by a metering pump, injecting into a single component in the spinning manifold, and extruding the blended melt from a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the adventitious island sea-island fiber.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 6 resin in step 1) was 2.7.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating: the temperature of the first zone is 220 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 240 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 250 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 260 ℃; the temperature of the fifth area is 260 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 260 ℃; the pressure of the assembly was 12.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling is carried out by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.4m/s, and the air temperature is 24 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.3 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 170 ℃, and the winding speed is 4200 m/min.
The sea-island fiber opening process comprises the following steps: the solvent was 3.0 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide; the fiber opening temperature is 90 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 40 min; the bath ratio is 1: 30; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 28 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Comparative example three:
this comparative example provides a process for preparing polyamide 66/water-soluble polyester island-in-sea fibers comprising the steps of:
1) respectively drying the island component and the sea component resin, wherein the water content of the dried island component is 800ppm, and the water content of the dried sea component is 90 ppm;
2) uniformly mixing the island component and the sea component resin in a certain proportion, heating and melting, wherein the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component in the sea-island fiber is 70:30, conveying the blended melt into a spinning manifold through a melt pipeline, accurately metering by a metering pump, injecting into a single component in the spinning manifold, and extruding the blended melt from a spinneret orifice;
3) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the adventitious island sea-island fiber.
The relative viscosity of the island component polyamide 66 resin in step 1) was 2.7.
The heating in the step 2) is carried out in a screw extruder which is divided into five zones for heating: the temperature of the first zone is 230 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 250 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 270 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 280 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 290 ℃;
in the step 2), the temperature of the spinning manifold is 290 ℃; the module pressure was 13.0 MPa.
In the step 3), cooling is carried out by adopting cross-air blowing, wherein the air speed is 0.4m/s, and the air temperature is 24 ℃; the oiling concentration is 0.3 wt%, and the oiling concentration is calculated according to the weight of the fiber;
the oiled nascent fiber is guided to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, the stretching ratio is 3.0, the setting temperature is 170 ℃, and the winding speed is 4200 m/min.
The sea-island fiber opening process comprises the following steps: the solvent was 3.0 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide; the fiber opening temperature is 90 ℃, and the fiber opening time is 40 min; the bath ratio is 1: 30; the weight loss ratio of the fiber is 28 wt%.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
Comparative example four:
this comparative example provides a process for preparing a polyamide 56/water-soluble polyester island-in-sea fiber comprising the steps of:
polyamide 56 as an island component polymer and a water-soluble polyester as a sea component polymer were melted, respectively, and then metered by a metering pump and flowed into a spinning die at a spinning temperature of 298 ℃. The sea/island integrated ratio was set to 20/80. The sea-island component melt is introduced into the sea-island composite spinning pack and extruded from the spinneret. The yarn discharged from the spinneret was cooled by an air-cooling device, oiled, and wound into an undrawn 175dtex-112 filament at a winder at 1500 m/min.
Subsequently, the resultant was drawn at a speed of 300 m/min and an elongation of 20 to 40% in a drawing apparatus to obtain a drawn yarn of 66dtex-112 filaments. The sea-island type composite fiber obtained was immersed in a 1 wt% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at 80 ℃ to dissolve and remove the sea component.
The test data indexes of the prepared sea-island fiber are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the properties of the products of the inventive and comparative examples
Compared with the polyamide sea-island fibers prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 3, the polyamide sea-island fibers prepared in the examples 1 to 6 of the present invention have a lower initial modulus, and thus the polyamide sea-island fibers prepared in the examples 1 to 6 have a better softness. In addition, the sea-island polyamide fiber has good dyeing performance, and the dye uptake, the dyeing grey card grade, the dyeing depth and the color fastness of the sea-island polyamide fiber prepared in the examples 1 to 6 are also obviously superior to those of the comparative examples 1 to 3.
Therefore, the polyamide sea-island fiber prepared by the invention has thinner monofilament, soft and exquisite fiber hand feeling, obviously reduced bending rigidity, soft luster, larger specific surface area of the fiber and high-density structure, and is more suitable for the fields of wool-like, silk-like, leather-like, peach-like, suede-like, high-density waterproof fabrics, high-performance cleaning cloth, high-performance absorbing and filtering materials, high-oil-absorbing materials, high-water-absorbing materials, thermal insulation materials, medical materials, automotive interior materials, safety shoes, bags, handbags, sofas and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A polyamide sea-island fiber is characterized in that the island component is polyamide resin, and is selected from one of polyamide 56, polyamide 510, polyamide 511, polyamide 512, polyamide 513, polyamide 514, polyamide 515 and polyamide 516, preferably polyamide 56 and polyamide 510; the sea component is one of polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polystyrene, water soluble polyester, polyester and polyurethane, preferably polyethylene, low density polyethylene and water soluble polyester.
2. The polyamide island-in-sea fiber of claim 1 wherein the island component is selected from the group consisting of macrogloss, semigloss, full gloss polyamide resins and mixtures thereof; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the island component polyamide resin has a relative viscosity of 2.4 to 3.0, preferably 2.5 to 2.9, more preferably 2.6 to 2.8; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the mass ratio of the island component to the sea component of the sea-island fiber is 20-80:80-20, and more preferably 30-70: 70-30.
3. The polyamide sea-island fiber of claim 1, wherein the sea-island fiber comprises a sea-island fiber of islands-sea and islands-sea of islands-sea; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the island number of the figured sea-island fiber is 16-500.
4. The polyamide island-in-sea fiber of claim 1, wherein the denier of the polyamide island-in-sea fiber is 10 to 300dtex, preferably 20 to 200dtex, more preferably 30 to 100 dtex; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the breaking strength of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 2.0-5.0cN/dtex, preferably 2.5-4.5cN/dtex, more preferably 3.0-4.0 cN/dtex; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the elongation at break of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 30-80%, preferably 40-70%, more preferably 45-60%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the initial modulus of the polyamide sea-island fiber is 20-50cN/dtex, preferably 23-45cN/dtex, more preferably 28-38 cN/dtex; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the monofilament titer of the island component of the polyamide island fiber after fiber opening is 0.001 to 0.2dtex, preferably 0.005 to 0.1dtex, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.05 dtex; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the K/S value of the polyamide sea-island fiber is not less than 15, preferably not less than 20, and more preferably not less than 25; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the dye uptake of the polyamide sea-island fiber is more than or equal to 90 percent, preferably more than or equal to 93 percent, and more preferably more than or equal to 96 percent; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the dyeing uniformity (gray card) of the polyamide sea-island fiber is not less than 3.5 grade, preferably not less than 4.0 grade, and more preferably not less than 4.5 grade; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the soaping color fastness of the polyamide sea-island fiber is more than or equal to 3.0 grade, preferably more than or equal to 3.5 grade, further preferably more than or equal to 4.0 grade, and further preferably more than or equal to 4.5 grade; and/or the soaping staining fastness of the polyamide sea-island fiber is not less than 3.0 grade, preferably not less than 3.5 grade, more preferably not less than 4.0 grade, and even more preferably not less than 4.5 grade.
5. A process for preparing the sea-island fiber of claim 3, comprising the steps of:
1) heating and melting island component and sea component resin respectively to obtain two melts, conveying the two melts into a spinning manifold through melt pipelines, accurately metering the melts by metering pumps respectively, injecting the melts into a sea-island composite component in the spinning manifold, distributing the melts through distribution pipes in the component, and converging and extruding the two melts at a spinneret orifice inlet; wherein the island component has a water content of less than 1500ppm, and the sea component has a water content of less than 300 ppm;
2) cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the nascent fiber extruded in the step 1) to obtain the sea-island fiber.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein, in step 1),
the heating is carried out in a screw extruder, and the screw extruder is preferably divided into five zones for heating;
island component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 200-260 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 230-280 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 240-290 ℃; the temperature of the fourth area is 260 ℃ and 300 ℃; the temperature of the five regions is 270-310 ℃;
sea component screw: the temperature of the first zone is 120-220 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 140 ℃ and 240 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 160-260 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 180-280 ℃; the temperature of the five regions is 160-290 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the temperature of the spinning manifold is 200-300 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the pressure of the island component assembly is 10.0-15.0 MPa; the pressure of the sea component assembly is 8.0-15.0MPa, and the pressure difference of the sea-island assembly is controlled to be less than 4.0 MPa.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein, in step 2),
the cooling is carried out by adopting side blowing or circular blowing; the wind speed is 0.2-1.2m/s, preferably 0.2-1.0m/s, more preferably 0.3-0.8 m/s; the air temperature of the cross air blow is 15-30 ℃, preferably 20-27 ℃, and more preferably 22-25 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the oiling concentration is 0.2-1.0 wt%, preferably 0.3-0.8 wt%, more preferably 0.4-0.6 wt%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the stretching process comprises the following steps: leading the oiled nascent fiber to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, wherein the stretching ratio is preferably 2.0-5.0, and more preferably 2.5-3.0; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the setting temperature is 150-220 ℃, preferably 160-200 ℃, and more preferably 170-180 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the winding speed is 1000-6000m/min, preferably 2000-5000m/min, and more preferably 2500-4000 m/min.
8. A process for preparing the island-in-sea adventitious fiber of claim 3, comprising the steps of:
a) uniformly mixing the island component and the sea component according to a certain proportion, heating and melting, conveying the blended melt into a spinning manifold through a melt pipeline, accurately metering by a metering pump, injecting into a single component assembly in the spinning manifold, and extruding the blended melt from a spinneret orifice; wherein the island component water content is less than 1500ppm, and the sea component water content is less than 300 ppm;
b) and cooling, oiling, stretching, shaping and winding the extruded nascent fiber to obtain the adventitious island sea-island fiber.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step a),
the heating is carried out in a screw extruder, which is preferably divided into five zones of heating: the temperature of the first zone is 180 ℃ plus 240 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 200-260 ℃; the temperature of the three zones is 220-270 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 240 ℃ and 280 ℃; the temperature of the five regions is 200-300 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the temperature of the spinning manifold is 200-300 ℃; the pressure of the component is 10.0-25.0 MPa.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein, in step b),
the cooling is carried out by adopting side blowing or circular blowing; the wind speed is 0.2-1.2m/s, preferably 0.4-1.0m/s, more preferably 0.6-0.8 m/s; the air temperature of the cross air blow is 15-30 ℃, preferably 23-27 ℃, and more preferably 24-25 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the oiling concentration is 0.2-1.0 wt%, preferably 0.3-0.8 wt%, more preferably 0.4-0.6 wt%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the stretching process comprises the following steps: leading the oiled nascent fiber to a hot stretching roller for stretching through a feeding roller, wherein the stretching ratio is preferably 2.0-5.0, and more preferably 2.5-3.0; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the setting temperature is 150-220 ℃, preferably 160-200 ℃, and more preferably 170-180 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the winding speed is 1000-6000m/min, preferably 2000-5000m/min, and more preferably 2500-4000 m/min.
11. Use of the polyamide sea-island fiber according to claim 1 for the production of imitation wool, silk, leather, peach-like, suede, high-density waterproof fabric, high-performance cleaning cloth, high-performance suction filter material, high-oil absorbent material, high-water absorbent material, thermal material, medical material, automotive interior material, safety shoe, bag, handbag or sofa.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910993562.3A CN112680826A (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | Polyamide sea-island fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
| PCT/CN2020/072229 WO2021073009A1 (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-15 | Polyamide sea-island fiber, preparation method therefor, and use thereof |
| JP2022523097A JP2022552567A (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-15 | Polyamide sea-island fibers, methods of making the same, and uses thereof |
| US17/769,779 US20220389623A1 (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-15 | Polyamide sea-island fiber, preparation method therefor, and use thereof |
| EP20877073.5A EP4047113A4 (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-15 | Polyamide sea-island fiber, preparation method therefor, and use thereof |
| KR1020227016440A KR20220107171A (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-15 | Polyamide sea-island fiber, method for producing same and use thereof |
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| CN201910993562.3A CN112680826A (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | Polyamide sea-island fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN201910993562.3A Pending CN112680826A (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | Polyamide sea-island fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
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| US (1) | US20220389623A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP4047113A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2022552567A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20220107171A (en) |
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| CN115058900A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-16 | 安安(中国)有限公司 | Processing method of benzene-reduced waterborne bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather |
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| CN115536838A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-12-30 | 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司 | Copolyamide resin, copolyamide fiber, and preparation method and application of copolyamide resin and copolyamide fiber |
| CN117071298A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-17 | 山东同大海岛新材料股份有限公司 | Nylon suede microfiber bass, preparation method thereof, nylon suede leather and application thereof |
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| JP7431334B2 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2024-02-14 | キャセイ バイオテック インコーポレイテッド | Polyamide 5X fiber, its preparation method and its use |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2021073009A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
| KR20220107171A (en) | 2022-08-02 |
| JP2022552567A (en) | 2022-12-16 |
| EP4047113A4 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
| US20220389623A1 (en) | 2022-12-08 |
| EP4047113A8 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
| EP4047113A1 (en) | 2022-08-24 |
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