CN101333693A - Superfine denier polyamide short fibre and producing method thereof - Google Patents
Superfine denier polyamide short fibre and producing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101333693A CN101333693A CNA2008100215510A CN200810021551A CN101333693A CN 101333693 A CN101333693 A CN 101333693A CN A2008100215510 A CNA2008100215510 A CN A2008100215510A CN 200810021551 A CN200810021551 A CN 200810021551A CN 101333693 A CN101333693 A CN 101333693A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chemical fiber, in particular to a superfine denier polyamide short fiber as well as a production method thereof. The fiber is a sea-island short fiber taking low density polyethylene as a sea component and polyamide as an island component, and is characterized in that: the polyamide and the low density polyethylene are in a weight ratio of 1:0.4 to 2.3, and the filament titer is 0.05 to 0.3dtex after the island is separated. The sea-island filament titer is 3.0 to 6.0dtex, the fiber breaking strength is between 2.2 and 4.2CN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 100 to 160 percent. The chemical fiber can stabilize the structure and properties of the sea-island fiber, and is easy in dyeing, and the content of effective constituents of the sea-island components is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical fibre, specifically a kind of superfine denier polyamide short fibre and production method thereof.
Background technology
Islands-in-sea bicomponent fibre is a new technology of making superfine fibre, and to be a kind of polymer be distributed among the another kind of polymer (being referred to as the sea) with the form of a plurality of superfine fentos (being referred to as the island) for it.After this fibrid was made woven fabric or knitted fabric, with the sea component dissolving, the island component fento of staying in the fabric just became superfine fibre.Islands-in-sea bicomponent fibre by the fusion respectively of twin-screw composite spinning machine, enters the fabric of island-in-sea type spinning pack by two kinds of polymer, by runner separately, converges in the spinneret orifice porch, in the lump extrusion molding.Produce superfine fibres such as terylene, polyamide fibre with the island method, as far back as just existing production of nineteen seventies.But,, make the dissolving of sea component more convenient, so the development of islands-in-sea type fibre is rapider because water-soluble polyester is synthetic to the twentieth century later stage.This chemical fibre new product, fiber is very thin, and the island is separated the back filament number and can be reached below the 0.1dtex, and gained synthetic leather, artificial leather, woven fabric and knitted fabric particularly soft are the important source material of senior textiless such as imitation buckskin leather, peach face.
Polyamide fiber (polyamide fibre) has superior physical property, is widely used in fields such as knitted underwear, pantyhose, elasticity silk stocking, sweat shirt, Lingerie, stocking blank.It is the fiber that polyamide is made by the dry spinning method.The Dong Li company of Japan in 1970 has developed polyamide and has been the superfine fibre composite spinning technology of island polyester for the sea.In recent years, this technology reaches its maturity, and its advantage is a constant product quality, and the sea component dissolving fully.Yet, because in follow-up decrement process, polyester generates this dioctyl phthalate through alkali lye dissolving back, reclaims difficulty, causes the discharging and the environmental pollution of large amount of organic, has become the biggest obstacle of this technology.Japan Kuraray company has developed polyamide and has been the superfine fibre mixed melting spining technology of island polyester for the sea, this technology enters same screw rod after two kinds of components are mixed, form island structure by different mixabilities, the island structure instability of this technology causes after the unstable and decrement of physical performance index the dyeability of fiber poor, and island component (active principle) content is lower than 60% (can't form island structure clearly above 60%).
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of superfine denier polyamide short fibre and production method thereof, makes the islands-in-sea type fibre Stability Analysis of Structures, and rerum natura is stable, dyeing easily, and the active constituent content of island component improves.
Described fiber be a kind of be the component in sea, the fabric of island-in-sea type staple fibre of component that polyamide is the island with the low density polyethylene (LDPE), it is characterized in that: the weight ratio of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.4～2.3, it is 0.05～0.3dtex that back filament number is separated on its island.
The fabric of island-in-sea type filament number is 3.0～6.0dtex, and fibrous fracture intensity is 2.2～4.2CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 100～160%.
A kind of manufacture method of superfine denier polyamide short fibre is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
Step 1, spinning: adopt twin-screw sea-island-type composite spun method, the polyamide of fusion is become the multiply thread through the fabric of island-in-sea type spinning plate wrap up respectively, extrude, form tow at the low density polyethylene (LDPE) that the spinneret orifice porch is melted; Wherein polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) weight ratio 1: 0.4～2.3;
Step 2, cooling: spinning head ring blowing device, the temperature of the wind that blows out are 20～25 ℃
Step 3, coiling oils: cooled tow oils on upper oil-pan, and then reels on winder by behind the draw-off godet; Wherein, draw-off godet speed 300～800m/min, upper oil-pan rotating speed 18～20r/min, used finish is the aqueous solution of 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre when oiling, winding speed 300～800m/min.
Step 4, boundling: by the creel boundling, the dawn number of tow was 4～4.5 ten thousand dawn to the tow after oiling behind the boundling again;
Step 5, immersion oil: again through the immersion cell immersion oil, the finish in the immersion cell is the aqueous solution that contains 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre to tow behind boundling, and unit is a percetage by weight;
Step 6 stretches: in air dielectric, stretches again through the tow behind the immersion oil, and during stretching, the first drawing roller speed, 18～22m/min, the second drawing roller speed, 60～90m/min, 2.5～4 times of drafting multiples;
Step 7, curl: the tow after the stretching curls on crimping machine then again through 65～70 ℃ of preheatings, crimping machine speed 60～70m/min, the tow after curling at room temperature cools off;
Step 8, relaxation heat setting: the tow after curling in setting machine, 70～75 ℃ of following relaxation heat settings, time 8～12min;
Step 9, cut off: as requested the length on cutting machine of the tow behind the relaxation heat setting is cut off, and cutting machine speed is 25m/min, and shearing length is 38～64mm.
In the described spinning step, the screw pressure of molten polyamide is 60～90kg/cm
2, rotating speed 10～20r/min, spinning temperature are 220～270 ℃; The screw pressure of fusion low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 40～60kg/cm
2, rotating speed is 20～30r/min, spinning temperature is 170～275 ℃, spinning speed 300～800m/min.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. the present invention adopts compound spinning to produce the polyamide micro staple fiber, and than the islands-in-sea type fibre Stability Analysis of Structures that mixed melting method is produced, rerum natura is stable, dyeing easily, and island component (active ingredient) content improves.
2. the present invention adopts and compoundly spins that to produce the polyamide micro staple fiber lower than polyamide/polyester composite short fiber decremental cost, and the polyethylene of recovery can be realized utilizing again, and reduces organic discharging in a large number.
3. the resulting polyamide of the present invention island composite short fiber performance, can satisfy the needs of general staple fibre weaving back processing, the novel textile material of exploitation polyamide short fibre and blended yarn thereof, and can produce non-weaving cloth, enlarged the range of application in fields such as polyamide woven fabric, knitwear, imitation buckskin, dermatine.
4. preparation method of the present invention is easy, is fit to suitability for industrialized production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process route chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Superfine denier polyamide short fibre of the present invention is the island component by polyamide, and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is the superfine denier polyamide composite short fiber that sea component constitutes, and the weight ratio of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.4～2.3.The filament number of this fiber was 0.05～0.3dtex after separated on the island.
Twin-screw sea, island composite short fiber spinning process that the present invention adopts, in two kinds of polymer melt processing, polyamide melt is surrounded by polyethylene melt, in each root composite fibre, polyamide melt is split into ten multiplies to tens of strands of continuous threads, by the needle tubing quantity decision number of share of stock of the spinnerets that forms the island, per share thread is among the encirclement of polyethylene melt.Another ten thousand, because the mixing of stiff polyethylene composition, the high-tension that the high resilience of polyamide fiber is produced in drawing process is alleviated, and helps tensile fiber and attenuates.The present invention is aspect the coupling of raw material components, and selecting low density polyethylene (LDPE) is the component in sea, can be solvent with toluene, extract, and this solvent does not influence polyamide, and two components do not react in spinning process simultaneously, and the spinning temperature aspect is more approaching.
(1) process route of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.
(2) former section:
The raw material that the present invention adopts is that polyamide 6 section (PA6) is as the island component.Section relative viscosity 2.80, density 1.14g/cm
3, 215～225 ℃ of fusing points.
The alternative condition of sea component is 1. easily to be dissolved in certain solvent, but the insoluble polyamide of separating of this solvent; 2. do not react with polyamide; 3. spinning temperature and polyamide are approaching.Select according to above requirement.According to test situation, the employing melt index is 26～50 low density polyethylene (LDPE) section, 108 ℃ of fusing points, 80 ℃ of softening points, density 0.92g/cm
3
(3) spinning equipment:
The present invention uses the test of twin-screw composite spinning machine, and the island spinning plate can be adjusted its plate footpath, aperture, hole count and island number as required.The specification of Cai Yonging in an embodiment: aperture * hole count * island number is 0.3 * 16 * 16 (mm).Each district of screw rod and spin manifold temperature are controlled automatically.Screw rod and measuring pump are by variable frequency regulating speed control.
(4) technological parameter:
1. chip drying
Polyamide section: use vacuum drying chamber, 90～95 ℃ of baking temperatures;
Vacuum 6 * 10
-2Pa, 48 hours time.The section moisture content is controlled at below 0.01%;
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) section: because polyethylene itself is not moisture, carry out smoothly in order to ensure spinning, with 70 ℃ of heated-air drying a few hours, the moisture removal that slice surface is adsorbed.
2. spinning technology parameter
The raw material weight proportioning: the polyamide/polyethylene weight ratio is 1: 0.4～2.3;
Measuring pump specification: 0.6ml/rep;
The measuring pump rotating speed: calculate according to finished product fiber number, proportioning raw materials, spinning speed, stretching ratio, polyamide melt density is with 1.14g/cm
3, polyethylene melt density is with 0.85g/cm
3Calculate;
Screw speed: according to the melt viscosity situation, the PA6 screw pressure is higher, is adjusted to 60～90kg/cm
2, screw speed 10～20r/min.The LDPE screw pressure is lower, is adjusted to 40～60kg/cm
2, screw speed is 20～30r/min;
Spinning speed: 300～800m/min;
Spinning temperature: PA6 is 220～270 ℃;
LDPE is 170～275 ℃;
Chilling temperature: 10～20 ℃.
3. winding process parameter
Draw-off godet speed: 300～800m/min;
Upper oil-pan rotating speed: 18～20r/min;
Oil concentration: the aqueous solution of 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre (w/w);
Winding speed: 300～800m/min.
4. after-processing technology parameter
Boundling dawn number: 4～4.5 ten thousand dawn;
Immersion cell oil concentration: the aqueous solution of 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre (w/w);
First drawing roller speed: the 20m/min;
Second drawing roller speed: 60～90m/min;
Drawing-off medium: air;
Drawing temperature: room temperature;
Drafting multiple: 2.5～4 times;
Curling preheating cabinet temperature: 65～70 ℃;
Crimping machine speed: 64m/min;
Curling cold oil temperature: room temperature;
Relaxation heat setting temperature: 70～75 ℃;
The relaxation heat setting time: 10min;
Cutting machine speed: 25m/min;
Shearing length: 38～64mm.
(5) fibrous finished product performance
1. it is 0.05～0.3dtex that filament number (dtex) 3.0～6.0, island are separated the back filament number;
2. fracture strength (CN/dtex) 2.2～4.2;
3. elongation at break (%) 120;
7. crispation number (individual/25mm) 11.5;
8. moisture content (%) 0.98;
9. oil content (%) 1.1.
The present invention will be helped to understand by following embodiment, but content of the present invention can not be limited.
Following embodiment technology as described in Figure 1, technological parameter is except that embodiment describes, the same summary of the invention is described.
Embodiment 1
PA6/LDPE (MI=50) spinning technique
The PA6 pump is for amount 13.5g/min, 220～270 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 12r/min, screw pressure 70kg/cm
3
The LDPE pump is for amount 9.56g/mim, 170～275 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 21～22r/min, screw pressure 52～62kg/cm
2
Spinning speed 300m/min after spinning is normal, continues to improve spinning speed and can both reel smoothly to 600m/min and 800m/min.Lousiness when spinning speed is brought up to 900m/min, occurs, so spinning speed should be controlled at below the 800m/min.
Above-mentioned 300m/min spins the undrawn yarn of speed, stretches 2.5 times, and fibrous fracture intensity is 2.26CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 145.5%.Stretch 3 times, fibrous fracture intensity is 2.73CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 121.7%.Stretch 3.5 times, fibrous fracture intensity is 3.28CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 105.7%.
In above-mentioned range of stretch, fibrous fracture intensity strengthens with draw ratio, and extension at break descends with the draw ratio increase.
Embodiment 2
PA6/LDPE (MI=50) spinning technique
The PA6 pump is for amount 13.5g/min, 220～270 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 12r/min, screw pressure 97kg/cm
3
The LDPE pump is for amount 11.5g/min, 170～275 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 29r/min, screw pressure 60kg/cm
2
Above spinning technique stretches 3.5 times, and fibrous fracture intensity is 3.05CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 122.7%.Above undrawn yarn boundling was become for 40,000 dawn, through immersion cell (oil concentration is 8～10%), enters together and carry out room temperature tensile with two road drawing roller, tow enters crimping machine by 70 ℃ of preheating cabinets then.Crimped tow is by carrier bar drying machine laxation shaping 10 minutes under 70～75 ℃ of baking temperatures, cuts off to cutting machine, and crispation number is 11.5/25mm.
Embodiment 3
PA6/LDPE (MI=38) spinning worker sesame
The PA6 pump is for amount 13g/min, 220～270 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 12～13r/min, screw pressure 67kg/cm
3
The LDPE pump is for amount 8.5g/min, 170～275 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 29r/min, the gained fiber is through drawing secondary 3.3 times, and filament number is 6dtex, and fibrous fracture intensity is 3.37CN/dtex, elongation at break is 115.6%, this fiber PA6 content is 60%, and fibre strength is higher, and percentage elongation is bigger.Product extracts through toluene, sea component dissolving, island filament number 0.3dtex.
Embodiment 4
PA6/LDPE (MI=38) spinning technique
The PA6 pump is for amount 9.5g/min, 190～245 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 12r/min, screw pressure 58kg/cm
3
The LDPE pump is for amount 11.9g/min, 190～275 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 28r/min, screw pressure 46kg/cm
2Above-mentioned undrawn yarn stretches 3 times, and fibrous fracture intensity is 2.06CN/dtex.Elongation at break is 131.4%, and this fiber PA6 content is 44%, can spinning, but the finished silk fracture strength is on the low side.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of superfine denier polyamide short fibre, described fiber be a kind of be the component in sea, the fabric of island-in-sea type staple fibre of component that polyamide is the island with the low density polyethylene (LDPE), it is characterized in that: the weight ratio of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.4～2.3, and it is 0.05～0.3dtex that the back filament number is separated on its island.
2, superfine denier polyamide short fibre as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the fabric of island-in-sea type filament number is 3.0～6.0dtex, and fibrous fracture intensity is 2.2～4.2CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 100～160%.
3, a kind of production method of superfine denier polyamide short fibre as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
Step 1, spinning: adopt twin-screw sea-island-type composite spun method, the polyamide of fusion is become the multiply thread through the fabric of island-in-sea type spinning plate wrap up respectively, extrude, form tow at the low density polyethylene (LDPE) that the spinneret orifice porch is melted; Wherein polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) weight ratio 1: 0.4～2.3;
Step 2, cooling: spinning head ring blowing device, the temperature of the wind that blows out are 20～25 ℃
Step 3, coiling oils: cooled tow oils on upper oil-pan, and then reels on winder by behind the draw-off godet; Wherein, draw-off godet speed 300～800m/min, upper oil-pan rotating speed 18～20r/min, used finish is the aqueous solution of 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre when oiling, winding speed 300～800m/min.
Step 4, boundling: by the creel boundling, the dawn number of tow was 4～4.5 ten thousand dawn to the tow after oiling behind the boundling again;
Step 5, immersion oil: again through the immersion cell immersion oil, the finish in the immersion cell is the aqueous solution that contains 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre to tow behind boundling, and unit is a percetage by weight;
Step 6 stretches: in air dielectric, stretches again through the tow behind the immersion oil, and during stretching, the first drawing roller speed, 18～22m/min, the second drawing roller speed, 60～90m/min, 2.5～4 times of drafting multiples;
Step 7, curl: the tow after the stretching curls on crimping machine then again through 65～70 ℃ of preheatings, crimping machine speed 60～70m/min, the tow after curling at room temperature cools off;
Step 8, relaxation heat setting: the tow after curling in setting machine, 70～75 ℃ of following relaxation heat settings, time 8～12min;
Step 9, cut off: as requested the length on cutting machine of the tow behind the relaxation heat setting is cut off, and cutting machine speed is 25m/min, and shearing length is 38～64mm.
4, production method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: in the described spinning step, the screw pressure of molten polyamide is 60～90kg/cm
2, rotating speed 10～20r/min, spinning temperature are 220～270 ℃; The screw pressure of fusion low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 40～60kg/cm
2, rotating speed is 20～30r/min, spinning temperature is 170～275 ℃, spinning speed 300～800m/min.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102517917A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-27 | 无锡双象超纤材料股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing superfine fiber polyamide non-woven fabric mirror surface leather |
| CN103243399A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-14 | 浙江古纤道股份有限公司 | Preparation method of dark island polyester fully drawn yarn |
| CN104278361A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-14 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Composite sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof |
| US10000637B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2018-06-19 | Basf Se | Composition and process for making fine denier polyamide fiber |
| CN112680826A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-20 | 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司 | Polyamide sea-island fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112899879A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 万华新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of environment-friendly microfiber base cloth |
| CN113388919A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏华峰超纤材料有限公司 | LDPE/PA6 sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002146624A (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-22 | Teijin Ltd | Spun-dyed ultrafine fiber and method for producing the same |
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2008
- 2008-08-05 CN CN2008100215510A patent/CN101333693B/en active Active
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102517917A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-06-27 | 无锡双象超纤材料股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing superfine fiber polyamide non-woven fabric mirror surface leather |
| CN103243399A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-14 | 浙江古纤道股份有限公司 | Preparation method of dark island polyester fully drawn yarn |
| CN103243399B (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2015-09-02 | 浙江古纤道股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of aterrimus island polyester fullly drawn yarn (FDY) |
| US10000637B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2018-06-19 | Basf Se | Composition and process for making fine denier polyamide fiber |
| CN104278361A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-14 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Composite sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN112680826A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-20 | 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司 | Polyamide sea-island fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112899879A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 万华新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of environment-friendly microfiber base cloth |
| CN113388919A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏华峰超纤材料有限公司 | LDPE/PA6 sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof |
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