CN101333694B - Satellite type superfine denier polyamide short fibre and producing method thereof - Google Patents
Satellite type superfine denier polyamide short fibre and producing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101333694B CN101333694B CN2008100215525A CN200810021552A CN101333694B CN 101333694 B CN101333694 B CN 101333694B CN 2008100215525 A CN2008100215525 A CN 2008100215525A CN 200810021552 A CN200810021552 A CN 200810021552A CN 101333694 B CN101333694 B CN 101333694B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chemical fiber, in particular to a satellite type superfine denier polyamide short fiber as well as a production method thereof. According to the technical proposal of the invention, the fiber is a sea-island short fiber taking low density polyethylene as a sea component and polyamide as an island component, and is characterized in that: the sea component is a mixture of low density polyethylene and polyamide, the polyamide therein forms a plurality of satellite islands around the island, and the titer of the satellite islands is smaller than that of the island; andthe island component and the sea component are in a ratio of 1:0.4 to 2.3, the polyamide and low density polyethylene in the sea component are in a ratio of 1:0.667 to 4, the filament titer ranges from 0.05 to 0.3dtex after the island is separated, and the unit is weight ratio. The chemical fiber can increase the content of effective constituents; and the viscosity of the sea component can make the island difficult to be adhered, and the spinnability in the spinning process is improved, so the sea component and the island component will not be separated easily.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical fibre, specifically a kind of polyamide composite short fiber and preparation method of super fine denier.
Background technology
Islands-in-sea bicomponent fibre is a new technology of making superfine fibre, and to be a kind of polymer be distributed among the another kind of polymer (being referred to as the sea) with the form of a plurality of superfine fentos (being referred to as the island) for it.After this fibrid was made woven fabric or knitted fabric, with the sea component dissolving, the island component fento of staying in the fabric just became superfine fibre.Islands-in-sea bicomponent fibre by the fusion respectively of twin-screw composite spinning machine, enters the fabric of island-in-sea type spinning pack by two kinds of polymer, by runner separately, converges in the spinneret orifice porch, in the lump extrusion molding.Produce superfine fibres such as terylene, polyamide fibre with the island method, as far back as just existing production of nineteen seventies.But,, make the dissolving of sea component more convenient, so the development of islands-in-sea type fibre is rapider because water-soluble polyester is synthetic to the twentieth century later stage.This chemical fibre new product, fiber is very thin, and the island is separated the back filament number and can be reached below the 0.1dtex, and gained synthetic leather, artificial leather, woven fabric and knitted fabric particularly soft are the important source material of senior textiless such as imitation buckskin leather, peach face.
Polyamide fiber (polyamide fibre) has superior physical property, is widely used in fields such as knitted underwear, pantyhose, elasticity silk stocking, sweat shirt, Lingerie, stocking blank.It is the fiber that polyamide is made by the dry spinning method.The Dong Li company of Japan in 1970 has developed polyamide and has been the superfine fibre composite spinning technology of island polyester for the sea.In recent years, this technology reaches its maturity, and its advantage is a constant product quality, and the sea component dissolving fully.Yet, because in follow-up decrement process, polyester generates this dioctyl phthalate through alkali lye dissolving back, reclaims difficulty, causes the discharging and the environmental pollution of large amount of organic, has become the biggest obstacle of this technology.Japan Kuraray company has developed polyamide and has been the superfine fibre mixed melting spining technology of island polyester for the sea, this technology enters same screw rod after two kinds of components are mixed, form island structure by different mixabilities, the island structure instability of this technology causes after the unstable and decrement of physical performance index the dyeability of fiber poor, and island component (active principle) content is lower than 60% (can't form island structure clearly above 60%).
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of satellite type superfine denier polyamide short fibre and production method thereof.To increase the content of active princlple; The viscosity of sea component makes the island be not easy adhesion, and improve spinnability in spinning process, makes extra large component and island component be not easy to separate.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, described fiber be a kind of be the component in sea, the fabric of island-in-sea type staple fibre of component that polyamide is the island with the low density polyethylene (LDPE), it is characterized in that: described sea component is the mixture of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide, polyamide wherein forms some satellites island around the island, the fiber number on described satellite island is less than the fiber number on island; The ratio of island component and sea component is 1: 0.4～2.3, and the ratio of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.667～4 in the sea component, and the filament number after separate on its island is 0.05～0.3dtex, and unit is a weight ratio.
The fabric of island-in-sea type filament number is 3.0～6.0dtex, and fibrous fracture intensity is 2.2～5.2CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 100～160%.
A kind of manufacture method of superfine denier polyamide short fibre is characterized in that,
Step 1, spinning: adopt twin-screw sea-island-type composite spun method, the polyamide of fusion is become low density polyethylene (LDPE) and the polyamide that the multiply thread is melted in the spinneret orifice porch through the fabric of island-in-sea type spinning plate get the tow that mixture wraps up respectively, extrudes
Step 2, cooling: at the blowing of spinning head ring, wind-warm syndrome, 18～25 ℃;
Step 3, coiling oils: in coiling, draw-off godet speed 300～1200m/min, upper oil-pan rotating speed 18～20r/min, finish are the aqueous solution of 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre, winding speed 300～1200m/min;
Step 4, the boundling immersion oil: in the boundling mechanism tow after reeling is being carried out boundling, the dawn number of tow was 4～4.5 ten thousand dawn behind the boundling, and the finish in the immersion cell is the aqueous solution that contains 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre, and unit is a percetage by weight;
Step 5 stretches: stretch the first drawing roller speed, 18～22m/min, the second drawing roller speed, 60～90m/min, 2.5～4 times of drafting multiples in air dielectric;
Step 6 is curled; Tow after the stretching curls on crimping machine again, when curling, and through 65～70 ℃ of preheatings, crimping machine speed 60～70m/min, room temperature cooling then;
Step 7, relaxation heat setting: the tow after curling carries out HEAT SETTING, 70～75 ℃ of temperature, time 8～12min again on heat setting machine;
Step 8, cut off: the specification as requested of the tow after cutting machine is with relaxation heat setting is cut off;
Described sea component is the mixture of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide, and polyamide wherein forms some satellites island around the island, and the fiber number on described satellite island is less than the fiber number on island; The ratio of island component and sea component is 1: 0.4～2.3, and the ratio of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.667～4 in the sea component, and the filament number after separate on its island is 0.05～0.3dtex, and unit is a weight ratio.
In the described spinning, the screw pressure of fusion island component polyamide is 60～90kg/cm
2, rotating speed is 10～20r/min, spinning temperature is 220～270 ℃; It is 45～65kg/cm that the screw rod of fusion low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide compound is pressed
2, rotating speed is 20～30r/min, spinning temperature is 170～275 ℃, spinning speed 300～1100m/min.
When cutting off, the speed of cutting machine is 20～30m/min, and shearing length is 38～64mm.
The present invention has following advantage: the content that 1, increases active princlple; 2, increase the viscosity of extra large component, make the island be not easy adhesion, and in spinning process, increase spinnability, make extra large component and island component be not easy to separate; 3, the present invention adopts compound spinning to produce the polyamide micro staple fiber, and than the islands-in-sea type fibre Stability Analysis of Structures that mixed melting method is produced, rerum natura is stable, dyeing easily, and island component (active ingredient) content improves.4, the present invention adopts and compoundly spins that to produce the polyamide micro staple fiber lower than polyamide/polyester composite short fiber decremental cost, and the polyethylene of recovery can be realized utilizing again, and reduces organic discharging in a large number.5, the resulting polyamide of the present invention island composite short fiber performance, can satisfy the needs of general staple fibre weaving back processing, the novel textile material of exploitation polyamide short fibre and blended yarn thereof, and can produce non-weaving cloth, enlarged the range of application in fields such as polyamide woven fabric, knitwear, imitation buckskin, dermatine.6, preparation method of the present invention is easy, is fit to suitability for industrialized production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process route chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Described fiber of the present invention be a kind of be the component in sea, the fabric of island-in-sea type staple fibre of component that polyamide is the island with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide compound, it is characterized in that: described sea component is the mixture of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide, polyamide wherein forms some satellites island around the island, the fiber number on described satellite island is less than the fiber number on island; The ratio of island component and sea component is 1: 0.4～2.3, and the ratio of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.667～4 in the sea component, and the filament number after separate on its island is 0.05～0.3dtex, and unit is a weight ratio.
The fabric of island-in-sea type filament number is 3.0～6.0dtex, and fibrous fracture intensity is 2.2～4.5CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 100～160%.
Described satellite type superfine denier polyamide short fibre and production method thereof are to adopt twin-screw sea-island-type composite spun method, with the polyurethane of fusion through the fabric of island-in-sea type spinning plate become the multiply thread tow that the low density polyethylene (LDPE) that the spinneret orifice porch is melted wraps up respectively, extrudes through cool off, oil, behind the draw-off godet, coiling, boundling, again through immersion cell, stretch, curl, relaxation heat setting and cut-out; Described sea component is the mixture of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide, and polyamide wherein forms some satellites island around the island, and the fiber number on described satellite island is less than the fiber number on island; The ratio of island component and sea component is 1: 0.4～2.3, and the ratio of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.667～4 in the sea component, and the filament number after separate on its island is 0.05～0.3dtex, and unit is a weight ratio.
Twin-screw sea, island composite short fiber spinning process that the present invention adopts, in two kinds of polymer melt processing, polyamide melt is surrounded by polyethylene melt, in each root composite fibre, polyamide melt is split into ten multiplies to tens of strands of continuous threads, by the needle tubing quantity decision number of share of stock of the spinnerets that forms the island, per share thread is among the encirclement of sea component melt.The present invention is aspect the coupling of raw material components, and selecting low density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the component in sea, can be solvent with toluene, extract, and this solvent does not influence polyamide, and two components do not react in spinning process simultaneously, and the spinning temperature aspect is more approaching.
(1) process route of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.
(2) former section:
The raw material that the present invention adopts is that polyamide 6 section (PA6) is as the island component.Section relative viscosity 2.80, density 1.14g/cm
3, fusing point 215-225 ℃.
The alternative condition of sea component is 1. easily to be dissolved in certain solvent, but the insoluble polyamide of separating of this solvent; 2. do not react with polyamide; 3. spinning temperature and polyamide are approaching.Select according to above requirement.According to test situation, the employing melt index is 26～50 low density polyethylene (LDPE) section, 108 ℃ of fusing points, 80 ℃ of softening points, density 0.92g/cm
3
(3) spinning equipment:
The present invention uses the test of twin-screw composite spinning machine, and the island spinning plate can be adjusted its plate footpath, aperture, hole count and island number as required.The specification of Cai Yonging in an embodiment: aperture * hole count * island number is 0.3mm * 16 * 16.Each district of screw rod and spin manifold temperature are controlled automatically.Screw rod and measuring pump are by variable frequency regulating speed control.
(4) technological parameter:
1. chip drying
Polyamide section: use vacuum drying chamber, 90～95 ℃ of baking temperatures;
Vacuum 6 * 10
-2Pa, 48 hours time.The section moisture content is controlled at below 0.01%;
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) section: because polyethylene itself is not moisture, carry out smoothly, with 70 ℃ of heated-air drying a few hours, with the moisture content removal of slice surface absorption in order to ensure spinning.
2. spinning technology parameter
The raw material weight proportioning: the polyamide/polyethylene weight ratio is 1: 0.4～2.3;
Measuring pump specification: 0.6ml/rep;
The measuring pump rotating speed: calculate according to finished product fiber number, proportioning raw materials, spinning speed, stretching ratio, polyamide melt density is with 1.14g/cm
3, polyethylene melt density is with 0.85g/cm
3Calculate;
Screw speed: according to the melt viscosity situation, the PA6 screw pressure is higher, is adjusted to 60～90kg/cm
2, screw speed 10～20r/min.It is lower that sea component LDPE and polyamide get the mixture screw pressure, is adjusted to 45～65kg/cm
2, screw speed is 20～30r/min;
Spinning speed: 300～1200m/min;
Spinning temperature: PA6 is 220～270 ℃;
Sea component is 170～275 ℃;
Chilling temperature: 10～20 ℃.
3. winding process parameter
Draw-off godet speed: 300～1200m/min;
Upper oil-pan rotating speed: 18～20r/min;
Oil concentration: the aqueous solution of 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre (w/w);
Winding speed: 300～1200m/min.
4. after-processing technology parameter
Boundling dawn number: 4～4.5 ten thousand dawn;
Immersion cell oil concentration: the aqueous solution of 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre (w/w);
First drawing roller speed: the 20m/min;
Second drawing roller speed: 60～90m/min;
Drawing-off medium: air;
Drawing temperature: room temperature;
Drafting multiple: 2.5～4 times;
Curling preheating cabinet temperature: 65～70 ℃;
Crimping machine speed: 64m/min;
Curling cold oil temperature: room temperature;
Relaxation heat setting temperature: 70-75 ℃;
The relaxation heat setting time: 10min;
Cutting machine speed: 25m/min;
Shearing length: 38～64mm.
(5) fibrous finished product performance
1. it is 0.05～0.3dtex that filament number (dtex) 3.0～6.0, island are separated the back filament number;
2. fracture strength (CN/dtex) 2.2～5.2;
3. elongation at break (%) 120;
6. crimp percent (%) 11.8;
7. crispation number (individual/25mm) 11.5;
8. moisture content (%) 0.98;
9. oil content (%) 1.1.
The present invention will be helped to understand by following embodiment, but content of the present invention can not be limited.
Following embodiment technology as described in Figure 1, technological parameter is except that embodiment describes, the same summary of the invention is described.
Embodiment 1
PA6/LDPE+PA6 (LDPE MI=50) spinning technique
The PA6 pump is for amount 13.5g/min, 220～270 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 12r/min, screw pressure 70kg/cm
3
(PA6: LDPE=1: 1) pump is for amount 9.56g/mim, 170～275 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 21～22r/min, screw pressure 52～62kg/cm for sea component
2
Spinning speed 300m/min after spinning is normal, continues to improve spinning speed and can both reel smoothly to 900m/min and 1100m/min.Lousiness when spinning speed is brought up to 1200m/min, occurs, so spinning speed should be controlled at below the 1100m/min.
Above-mentioned 300m/min spins the undrawn yarn of speed, stretches 2.5 times, and fibrous fracture intensity is 3.09CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 140.0%.Stretch 3 times, fibrous fracture intensity is 3.72CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 115.7%.Stretch 3.5 times, fibrous fracture intensity is 4.48CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 103.1%.
In above-mentioned range of stretch, fibrous fracture intensity strengthens with draw ratio, and extension at break descends with the draw ratio increase.
Embodiment 2
PA6/LDPE (MI=50) spinning technique
The PA6 pump is for amount 13.5g/min, 220～270 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 12r/min, screw pressure 97kg/cm
3
(PA6: LDPE=1: 2) pump is for amount 11.5g/min, 170～275 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 29r/min, screw pressure 60kg/cm for sea component
2
Above spinning technique stretches 3.5 times, and fibrous fracture intensity is 3.91CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 104.8%.Above undrawn yarn boundling was become for 40,000 dawn, through immersion cell (oil concentration is 4～5%), enters together and carry out room temperature tensile with two road drawing roller, tow enters crimping machine by 70 ℃ of preheating cabinets then.Crimped tow is by carrier bar drying machine laxation shaping 10 minutes under 70～75 ℃ of baking temperatures, cuts off to cutting machine, and crispation number is 11.5/25mm.
Embodiment 3
PA6/LDPE (MI=38) spinning worker sesame
The PA6 pump is for amount 13g/min, 220～270 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 12～13r/min, screw pressure 67kg/cm
3
(PA6: LDPE=1: 1) pump is for amount 8.5g/min for sea component, 170～275 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 29r/min, the gained fiber is through drawing secondary 3.3 times, and filament number is 6dtex, and fibrous fracture intensity is 4.50CN/dtex, elongation at break is 110.0%, this fiber PA6 content is 80%, and fibre strength is higher, and percentage elongation is bigger.Product extracts through toluene, the sea component dissolving, and the satellite island gets monofilament fineness 0.03dtex, main island filament number 0.22dtex.
Embodiment 4
PA6/LDPE (MI=38) spinning technique
The PA6 pump is for amount 9.5g/min, 190～245 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 12r/min, screw pressure 58kg/cm
3
(PA6: LDPE=1: 3) pump is for amount 11.9g/min, 190～275 ℃ of spinning temperatures, screw speed 28r/min, screw pressure 46kg/cm for sea component
2Above-mentioned undrawn yarn stretches 3 times, and fibrous fracture intensity is 2.54CN/dtex.Elongation at break is 127.6%, and this fiber PA6 content is 54%, can spinning, but the finished silk fracture strength is on the low side.
Claims (5)
1. satellite type low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide short fibre is characterized in that: the fabric of island-in-sea type staple fibre of the component that described fiber is a kind of mixture with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide component that is the sea, polyamide is the island; Marine polyamide forms some satellites island around the island, the fiber number on described satellite island is less than the fiber number on island; The part by weight of island component and sea component is 1: 0.4～2.3, and the part by weight of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.667～4 in the sea component, and the filament number after separate on its island is 0.05～0.3dtex.
2. satellite type low density polyethylene (LDPE) as claimed in claim 1 and polyamide short fibre, the filament number that it is characterized in that the fabric of island-in-sea type staple fibre is 3.0～6.0dtex, and fibrous fracture intensity is 2.2～5.2CN/dtex, and elongation at break is 100～160%.
3. the manufacture method of satellite type low density polyethylene (LDPE) as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and polyamide short fibre is characterized in that,
Step 1, spinning: adopt twin-screw sea-island-type composite spun method, the polyamide of fusion is become the tow that the mixture of low density polyethylene (LDPE) that the multiply thread is melted in the spinneret orifice porch and polyamide wraps up respectively, extrudes through the fabric of island-in-sea type spinning plate
Step 2, cooling: at the blowing of spinning head ring, wind-warm syndrome, 18～25 ℃;
Step 3, coiling oils: in coiling, draw-off godet speed 300～1200m/min, upper oil-pan rotating speed 18～20r/min, finish are the aqueous solution of 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre, winding speed 300～1200m/min;
Step 4, the boundling immersion oil: in the boundling mechanism tow after reeling is being carried out boundling, the dawn number of tow was 4～4.5 ten thousand dawn behind the boundling, and the finish in the immersion cell is the aqueous solution that contains 4～5% oil for polypropylene fibre, and unit is a percetage by weight;
Step 5 stretches: stretch the first drawing roller speed, 18～22m/min, the second drawing roller speed, 60～90m/min, 2.5～4 times of drafting multiples in air dielectric;
Step 6 is curled; Tow after the stretching curls on crimping machine again, when curling, and through 65～70 ℃ of preheatings, crimping machine speed 60～70m/min, room temperature cooling then;
Step 7, relaxation heat setting: the tow after curling carries out HEAT SETTING, 70～75 ℃ of temperature, time 8～12min again on heat setting machine;
Step 8, cut off: the specification as requested of the tow after cutting machine is with relaxation heat setting is cut off;
Described sea component is the mixture of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide, and polyamide wherein forms some satellites island around the island, and the fiber number on described satellite island is less than the fiber number on island; The part by weight of island component and sea component is 1: 0.4～2.3, and the part by weight of polyamide and low density polyethylene (LDPE) is 1: 0.667～4 in the sea component, and the filament number after separate on its island is 0.05～0.3dtex.
4. as the manufacture method of satellite type low density polyethylene (LDPE) as described in the claim 3 and polyamide short fibre, it is characterized in that in the described spinning, the screw pressure of fusion island component polyamide is 60～90kg/cm
2, rotating speed is 10～20r/min, spinning temperature is 220～270 ℃; It is 45～65kg/cm that the screw rod of fusion low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyamide compound is pressed
2, rotating speed is 20～30r/min, spinning temperature is 170～275 ℃, spinning speed 300～1100m/min.
5. as the manufacture method of satellite type low density polyethylene (LDPE) as described in the claim 3 and polyamide short fibre, it is characterized in that: when cutting off, the speed of cutting machine is 20～30m/min, and shearing length is 38～64mm.
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| CN102650081B (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2014-01-29 | 上海华峰超纤材料股份有限公司 | Color fixed island composite short fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN102168321A (en) * | 2011-04-09 | 2011-08-31 | 禾欣可乐丽超纤皮(嘉兴)有限公司 | Sea-island type composite fiber manufacture method |
| CN102758263A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-31 | 顾海云 | Fabricating method of tangerine section shaped composite fiber |
| CN102888711A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-23 | 南通七小时纺织品科技有限公司 | Prescription of Meike (Chinese Name) cotton and preparation process of Meike cotton |
| CN102704020A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-10-03 | 顾海云 | Method and composite spinning component for preparing ferris wheel sea island composite filaments |
| CN102704021A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-10-03 | 顾海云 | Method and composite spinning component for preparing ferris wheel sea island composite short fibers |
| CN112680826A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-20 | 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司 | Polyamide sea-island fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
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