CN115058901A - Processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather - Google Patents
Processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0011—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using non-woven fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0004—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using ultra-fine two-component fibres, e.g. island/sea, or ultra-fine one component fibres (< 1 denier)
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0086—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
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Abstract
The invention provides a processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather, which comprises the following steps of processing bio-based superfine fiber; production of non-woven fabric; preparing an impregnation semi-finished product by a wet impregnation process: preparing bio-based impregnation slurry, placing the non-woven fabric into an impregnation tank filled with the bio-based impregnation slurry for impregnation padding, and curing the non-woven fabric impregnated with the slurry through a curing process to prepare an impregnation semi-finished product with the PU content of 50-60%; fourthly, opening the fiber by a benzene reduction method to prepare an opened fiber semi-finished product; fifthly, finishing the split semi-finished product. The invention has the advantages that: the bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can ensure that the bio-based content of the prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather reaches more than 50 percent, realizes the dependence on petroleum-based materials from the aspects of spinning raw materials and resin raw materials, can further reduce the use of the petroleum-based materials, and further reduces the pollution to the environment; meanwhile, the hand feeling, the fold lines and the physical properties of the prepared synthetic leather can be compared favorably with those of the conventional superfine fiber synthetic leather.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of synthetic leather, in particular to a processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather.
[ background of the invention ]
At present, the market demand of microfiber leather is increasing, and the variety of microfiber leather is also increasing. Along with the continuous improvement of microfiber synthetic leather technology, the cognitive level of people is also continuously improved, so that the requirements of people on microfiber leather are higher and higher, and meanwhile, the awareness of people on environment is stronger and stronger.
The production of the traditional polyurethane synthetic leather mainly adopts a solvent type production system, most of the production system is extracted from petroleum whether being a spinning raw material or a resin raw material, and the excessive use of the petroleum causes the production system to face various problems, such as the production process is often accompanied by the emission of a large amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and the like; a large amount of petroleum needs to be transported from the middle east to China through sea, and the risk of petroleum leakage exists; petroleum is a non-renewable resource and the price of petroleum is also increasing, and the world is facing a crisis of resource depletion.
In view of the above, the present inventors have made intensive studies and have provided a method for processing bio-based microfiber synthetic leather, which can further reduce the use of petroleum-based materials, thereby reducing the environmental pollution.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather, and solves the problems of environmental pollution and resource shortage caused by mainly depending on petroleum extraction raw materials when the existing solvent type production system is used for producing polyurethane synthetic leather.
The invention is realized by the following steps: a processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather comprises the following steps:
processing bio-based superfine fibers: mixing two raw materials of a bio-based PA56 slice and a PE slice according to the weight ratio of 55-60:45-40, and preparing the bio-based superfine fiber by a spinning production process;
production of non-woven fabric: carding, lapping, needling and heat setting the bio-based superfine fibers to obtain the non-woven fabric;
preparing an impregnation semi-finished product by a wet impregnation process: preparing bio-based impregnation slurry, wherein the bio-based impregnation slurry comprises 100 parts by mass of polyurethane with a bio-based content of 25 +/-2%, 5-15 parts by mass of filler, 30-60 parts by mass of dimethylformamide, 1-1.5 parts by mass of non-ionic active agent and 1-1.5 parts by mass of color paste, and the prepared bio-based impregnation slurry has a solid content of 20-28% and a viscosity of 2000-15000 cps; placing the non-woven fabric into an impregnation tank filled with bio-based impregnation slurry for impregnation and mangling; curing the non-woven fabric impregnated with the slurry through a curing process to obtain an impregnated semi-finished product with the PU content of 50-60%;
fourthly, splitting the fiber by a benzene reduction method to prepare a split fiber semi-finished product: splitting the impregnated semi-finished product by a benzene reduction method to dissolve sea components in the impregnated semi-finished product, and washing with hot water to remove residual solvent to obtain a split semi-finished product;
fifthly, finishing after splitting the semi-finished product: drying and oiling the split semi-finished product, and drying and shaping the oiled split semi-finished product by a heat-shaping machine; and after the shaping is finished, performing post-finishing to obtain the bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather.
Further, in the step (i), after the bio-based ultrafine fiber is prepared by a spinning production process, the method further comprises the following steps: oiling the bio-based superfine fibers and drafting by using a drafting device; treating the drafted bio-based superfine fibers by a yarn folding machine and a crimping machine, oiling again, and performing heat setting by a relaxation heat setting machine; and cutting the heat-set bio-based superfine fibers into pieces with set lengths through a wire guide frame, a traction tension machine and a cutting machine, thereby obtaining finished yarns with the specification of 6 +/-0.5D × 51 mm.
Further, in the step (i), the polymerized monomers of the bio-based PA56 slices are prepared by a biological fermentation technology, and the mass of the polymerized monomers prepared by the biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slices; the relative viscosity of 98 wt% sulfuric acid of the bio-based PA56 section is 2.75 +/-0.05 dl/g, and the melting point is 240-243 ℃.
Further, the step two is specifically: placing the bio-based superfine fibers into an opening and mixing machine by using a bale opener for opening and mixing, and then entering a carding machine for carding the fibers; the combed bio-based superfine fiber enters a lapping machine through a feeding device to be lapped into a fiber web, and the fiber web is constantThe fibers in the fiber web are mutually entangled and held to form the non-woven fabric under the needling action of a needling machine at a fixed speed, wherein the needling depth of the needling machine is 10 +/-2 mm, 9 +/-2 mm, 8 +/-2 mm, 7 +/-2 mm, 6 +/-2 mm, 5 +/-2 mm and 1 +/-1 mm in sequence, and the needling density of the needling machine is 100 +/-50C/cm in sequence 2 、185±50C/cm 2 、250±50C/cm 2 、250±50C/cm2、500±50C/cm 2 、500±50C/cm 2 And 200. + -. 50C/cm 2 The gram weight of the nonwoven fabric formed by needling is 400-450g/m 2 (ii) a And (3) carrying out heat setting on the needled non-woven fabric through a heat setting machine to obtain the set non-woven fabric.
Further, the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-level drying oven, the heat setting temperature of the 5-level drying oven is 90-95 ℃, 110-.
Furthermore, in the third step, the impregnation pressure of the impregnation tank is 1.8-2.3kg, the gap is 1.3-1.4mm, and the material temperature is 27-35 ℃ when the non-woven fabric is impregnated.
Further, in the fifth step, the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-grade oven, and the drying and setting temperatures of the 5-grade oven are 155 ℃, 155 ℃ and 155 ℃ in sequence; the speed of the heat setting machine for conveying the split semi-finished product is 5-6 m/min, and the mangle rolling rate of the heat setting machine is controlled to be 80 +/-5%.
Furthermore, in the fifth step, when oiling is carried out on the dried split semi-finished product, the oiling solution is a mixed solution of modified amino silicone oil and water, and the modified amino silicone oil accounts for 7-10% of the mixed solution by mass percent.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the bio-based superfine fiber is prepared by mixing two raw materials of a bio-based PA56 slice and a PE slice according to the weight ratio of 55-60:45-40, the mass of a polymerized monomer prepared by adopting a biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slice, and polyurethane with the bio-based content of 25 +/-2% is used for impregnating non-woven fabric in a matching manner, so that the bio-based content of the finally prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can be ensured to be more than 50%, dependence on petroleum-based materials from the aspects of spinning raw materials and resin raw materials is realized, the use of the petroleum-based materials can be further reduced, and further pollution to the environment is further reduced; meanwhile, the hand feeling, fold lines and physical properties of the finally prepared synthetic leather can be ensured to be comparable with those of the conventional superfine fiber synthetic leather.
[ description of the drawings ]
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the processing of bio-based microfiber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the production of a nonwoven fabric according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wet impregnation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of the benzene-reduction process for dissolving the sea component of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the post-treatment process of the bio-based microfiber synthetic leather of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
For a better understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a method for processing bio-based microfiber synthetic leather according to the present invention includes:
the method comprises the following steps of processing bio-based superfine fibers: mixing two raw materials of a bio-based PA56 slice and a PE slice according to the weight ratio of 55-60:45-40, and preparing the bio-based superfine fiber by a spinning production process; by using bio-based PA56 chip and PE chip to mix to make bio-based microfiber, the use of petroleum-based material is reduced from the raw material aspect, which not only helps to reduce the pollution to the environment, but also helps to alleviate the energy crisis by reducing the use of petroleum because petroleum is a non-renewable resource. Meanwhile, the weight ratio of the bio-based PA56 slice to the PE slice is 55-60:45-40, so that the bio-based content of the finally prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can be ensured, and the quality of the prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can also be ensured.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after the bio-based microfiber is prepared by a spinning process, the method further includes: oiling the bio-based superfine fibers and drafting by using a drafting device; treating the drafted bio-based superfine fibers by a yarn folding machine and a crimping machine, oiling again, and performing heat setting by a relaxation heat setting machine; and cutting the heat-set bio-based superfine fibers into finished yarns with the set length by a yarn guide frame, a traction tension machine and a cutting machine, thereby obtaining the finished yarns with the specification of 6 +/-0.5D 51 mm. In the invention, as the non-woven fabric is impregnated with the oil-based polyurethane in the following step, and the oil-based polyurethane can form a cell structure better, the flexibility of the prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can be ensured, the denier of the used bio-based superfine fiber can be larger, and therefore, the denier of the bio-based superfine fiber is set to be 6 +/-0.5D. The length set in the present invention is preferably 51mm, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the cut length of the bio-based microfiber may be set according to actual needs in implementation.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step (i), the polymerized monomers of the bio-based PA56 slice are prepared by a biological fermentation technology, and the mass of the polymerized monomers prepared by the biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slice; the polymerized monomer of the bio-based PA56 slice is formed by polycondensation of pentanediamine and adipic acid, the mass of the polymerized monomer prepared by adopting a biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slice, namely the pentanediamine and the adipic acid are both obtained by adopting the biological fermentation technology, and the weight ratio of the bio-based PA56 slice to the PE slice is 55-60:45-40, so that the bio-based content of the finally prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can be ensured to be more than 30%.
In order to ensure the material fluidity of the bio-based superfine fiber during production, the relative viscosity of 98 wt% sulfuric acid of the bio-based PA56 slice is 2.75 +/-0.05 dl/g, and the melting point is 240-243 ℃.
Step two, non-woven fabric production: carding, lapping, needling and heat setting the bio-based superfine fibers to obtain the non-woven fabric; the non-woven fabric is a fabric formed without spinning and weaving, and is formed by only forming a fiber web structure by orienting or randomly arranging textile short fibers or filaments and then reinforcing the fiber web structure by adopting methods such as mechanical, thermal bonding or chemical methods; it directly uses high polymer slice, short fiber or filament to form a novel fiber product with soft, air-permeable and plane structure through various fiber web forming methods and consolidation techniques.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the step two specifically is: placing the bio-based superfine fibers into an opening and mixing machine by using a bale opener for opening and mixing, and then entering a carding machine for carding the fibers; the combed bio-based superfine fibers enter a lapping machine through a feeding device to be lapped into fiber webs, and in specific implementation, the lapping machine adopts a high-precision lapping machine to lap the bio-based superfine fibers into the fiber webs with uniform thickness and density; the fiber web passes through a needle machine at a constant speed, and fibers in the fiber web are mutually entangled and embraced under the needling action of the needle machine, so that the non-woven fabric with stable structure and physical properties is formed;
since the needling depth and the needling density are important factors influencing the quality of the non-woven fabric in the concrete implementation, and the needling depth and the needling density are related to the thickness of the bio-based superfine fiber, the bio-based superfine fiber with thicker specification (the denier is 6 +/-0.5D) is adopted in the invention, so in order to adapt to the bio-based superfine fiber with the specification and ensure the quality of the obtained non-woven fabric, the needling depth of the needling machine is set to be 10 +/-2 mm, 9 +/-2 mm, 8 +/-2 mm, 7 +/-2 mm, 6 +/-2 mm, 5 +/-2 mm and 1 +/-1 mm in sequence, and the needling density of the needling machine is 100 +/-50C/cm in sequence 2 、185±50C/cm 2 、250±50C/cm 2 、250±50C/cm2、500±50C/cm 2 、500±50C/cm 2 And 200. + -. 50C/cm 2 The gram weight of the nonwoven fabric formed by needling is 400-450g/m 2 (ii) a And (3) carrying out heat setting on the needled non-woven fabric through a heat setting machine to obtain the set non-woven fabric.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to ensure the heat setting effect of the non-woven fabric after needling, the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-level oven, the heat setting temperature of the 5-level oven is 90-95 ℃, 110-.
Step three, preparing an impregnation semi-finished product by a wet impregnation process: preparing bio-based impregnation slurry, wherein the bio-based impregnation slurry comprises 100 parts by mass of polyurethane with a bio-based content of 25 +/-2%, 5-15 parts by mass of a filler, 30-60 parts by mass of dimethylformamide, 1-1.5 parts by mass of a nonionic active agent and 1-1.5 parts by mass of a color paste, wherein the polyurethane with the bio-based content of 25 +/-2% is a novel bio-based product with corn as a raw material; in order to ensure that the bio-based impregnation slurry can better permeate and attach to the non-woven fabric in the impregnation process, the solid content of the prepared bio-based impregnation slurry is 20-28%, and the viscosity is 2000-15000 cps; placing the non-woven fabric into an impregnation tank filled with bio-based impregnation slurry for impregnation mangling; and (3) solidifying the non-woven fabric impregnated with the slurry through a solidification process, wherein the solidification process is to solidify resin in a solvent replacement mode, so that an impregnated semi-finished product with the PU content of 50-60% is prepared.
According to the invention, the bio-based superfine fiber is prepared by mixing two raw materials of a bio-based PA56 slice and a PE slice according to the weight ratio of 55-60:45-40, the mass of a polymer monomer prepared by adopting a biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slice, and polyurethane with the bio-based content of 25 +/-2% is used for impregnating non-woven fabric, so that the bio-based content of the finally prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can be ensured to be more than 50%, dependence on petroleum-based materials from the aspects of spinning raw materials and resin raw materials is realized, the use of the petroleum-based materials can be further reduced, and further pollution to the environment is further reduced; meanwhile, the hand feeling, fold lines and physical properties of the finally prepared synthetic leather can be ensured to be comparable with those of the conventional superfine fiber synthetic leather.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step (iii), in order to further ensure the impregnation effect and improve the quality of the finally prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather, the impregnation pressure of the impregnation tank is 1.8-2.3kg, the gap is 1.3-1.4mm, and the material temperature is 27-35 ℃.
Fourthly, opening the fiber by a benzene reduction method to obtain an opened fiber semi-finished product: splitting the impregnated semi-finished product by a benzene reduction method to dissolve sea components in the impregnated semi-finished product, and washing with hot water to remove residual solvent to obtain a split semi-finished product; the benzene reduction method can adopt toluene or xylene, and the principle of the benzene reduction method is that the sea component can be removed by multi-stage dissolution and repeated extrusion by utilizing the property that the sea component can be dissolved in a hot solvent.
Fifthly, finishing the split semi-finished product: drying and oiling the split semi-finished product, and drying and shaping the oiled split semi-finished product by a heat-shaping machine; and after the shaping is finished, performing post-finishing process to obtain the bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather, wherein the post-finishing process comprises the processes of grinding, kneading and the like.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the fifth step, in order to ensure the heat setting effect of the oiled fiber-opening semi-finished product, the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-grade oven, and the drying and setting temperatures of the 5-grade oven are 155 ℃, 155 ℃ and 155 ℃ in sequence; the speed of the heat setting machine for conveying the split semi-finished product is 5-6 m/min, and the mangle rolling rate of the heat setting machine is controlled to be 80 +/-5%.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the fifth step, when oiling is performed on the dried fiber-opening semi-finished product, the oiling solution is a mixed solution of modified amino silicone oil and water, and the modified amino silicone oil accounts for 7-10% of the mixed solution by mass percent, so as to ensure the oiling effect.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to some specific embodiments of the present invention:
example 1
A processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather comprises the following steps:
step 1, processing of bio-based superfine fibers: mixing two raw materials of a bio-based PA56 slice and a PE slice according to a weight ratio of 55:45, wherein a polymerized monomer of the bio-based PA56 slice is prepared by a biological fermentation technology, the mass of the polymerized monomer prepared by the biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slice, the relative viscosity of 98 wt% sulfuric acid of the bio-based PA56 slice is 2.70dl/g, and the melting point is 240 ℃; preparing bio-based superfine fibers by a spinning production process; oiling the bio-based superfine fibers and drafting by using a drafting device; treating the drafted bio-based superfine fibers by a yarn folding machine and a crimping machine, oiling again, and performing heat setting by a relaxation heat setting machine; and cutting the heat-set bio-based superfine fibers into finished yarns with the set length by a yarn guide frame, a traction tension machine and a cutting machine so as to obtain the finished yarns with the specification of 5.5D x 51 mm.
Step 2, non-woven fabric production: placing the bio-based superfine fibers into an opening and mixing machine by using a bale opener for opening and mixing, and then entering a carding machine for carding the fibers; the combed bio-based superfine fibers enter a lapping machine through a feeding device to be lapped into a fiber web, the fiber web passes through a needle machine at a constant speed, the fibers in the fiber web are mutually entangled and clasped under the needling action of the needle machine to form non-woven fabric,wherein the needling depth of the needle machine is sequentially 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm, 4mm, 3mm and 0mm, and the needling density of the needle machine is sequentially 50C/cm 2 、135C/cm 2 、200C/cm 2 、200C/cm2、450C/cm 2 、450C/cm 2 And 150C/cm 2 The gram weight of the nonwoven fabric formed by needle punching is 400g/m 2 (ii) a Carrying out heat setting on the needled non-woven fabric through a heat setting machine to prepare a set non-woven fabric; the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-level drying oven, the heat setting temperature of the 5-level drying oven is 90 ℃, 110 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃ and 150 ℃ in sequence, the speed of conveying the non-woven fabric by the heat setting machine is 5 m/min, and the thickness of the non-woven fabric after setting is 1.5 mm.
Step 3, preparing an impregnation semi-finished product by a wet impregnation process: preparing bio-based impregnation slurry, wherein the bio-based impregnation slurry comprises 100 parts of polyurethane with the bio-based content of 24.8%, 5 parts of filler, 30 parts of dimethylformamide, 1 part of nonionic active agent and 1 part of color paste by mass, and the prepared bio-based impregnation slurry has the solid content of 20% and the viscosity of 2000 cps; placing the non-woven fabric into an impregnation tank filled with bio-based impregnation slurry for impregnation and mangling; curing the non-woven fabric impregnated with the slurry through a curing process to obtain an impregnated semi-finished product with the PU content of 50%; wherein the impregnation pressure of the impregnation tank when the non-woven fabric is impregnated is 1.8kg, the gap is 1.3mm, and the material temperature is 27 ℃.
Step 4, opening by a benzene reduction method to obtain an opened fiber semi-finished product: and (3) splitting the impregnated semi-finished product by a benzene reduction method to dissolve the sea component in the impregnated semi-finished product, and washing with hot water to remove the residual solvent, thereby preparing the split semi-finished product.
Step 5, after-finishing of the split semi-finished product: drying the split semi-finished product and then oiling, wherein the oiling solution is a mixed solution of modified amino silicone oil and water, and the modified amino silicone oil accounts for 7% of the mixed solution by mass; drying and shaping the oiled fiber opening semi-finished product by a heat shaping machine; after the shaping is finished, finishing processes such as buffing, skin kneading and the like are carried out to prepare the bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather; wherein the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-grade oven, and the drying and setting temperatures of the 5-grade oven are 155 ℃, 155 ℃ and 155 ℃; the speed of the heat setting machine for conveying the split semi-finished product is 5 m/min, and the mangle rolling rate of the heat setting machine is controlled at 75%.
The bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather finally prepared by the embodiment 1 of the invention has the bio-based content of 52 +/-2%, and the hand feeling, the fold line and the physical property of the finally prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can meet the actual use requirements, and can even be comparable with the conventional superfine fiber synthetic leather.
Example 2
A processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather comprises the following steps:
step 1, processing of bio-based superfine fibers: mixing two raw materials of a bio-based PA56 slice and a PE slice according to a weight ratio of 50:50, wherein a polymerized monomer of the bio-based PA56 slice is prepared by a biological fermentation technology, the mass of the polymerized monomer prepared by the biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slice, the relative viscosity of 98 wt% sulfuric acid of the bio-based PA56 slice is 2.75dl/g, and the melting point is 242 ℃; preparing bio-based superfine fibers by a spinning production process; oiling the bio-based superfine fibers and drafting by using a drafting device; treating the drafted bio-based superfine fibers by a yarn folding machine and a crimping machine, oiling again, and performing heat setting by a relaxation heat setting machine; and cutting the heat-set bio-based superfine fibers into finished wires with the set length by a wire guide frame, a traction tension machine and a cutting machine, thereby obtaining the finished wires with the specification of 6D x 51 mm.
Step 2, non-woven fabric production: placing the bio-based superfine fibers into an opening and mixing machine by using a bale opener for opening and mixing, and then entering a carding machine for carding the fibers; the carded bio-based superfine fibers enter a lapping machine through a feeding device to be lapped into a fiber web, the fiber web passes through a needle machine at a constant speed, the fibers in the fiber web are mutually entangled and are held under the needling action of the needle machine to form non-woven fabric, wherein the needling depth of the needle machine is 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm and 1mm in sequence, and the needling density of the needle machine is 100C/cm in sequence 2 、185C/cm 2 、250C/cm 2 、250C/cm2、500C/cm 2 、500C/cm 2 And 200C/cm 2 The gram weight of the nonwoven fabric formed by needle punching is 430g/m 2 (ii) a Carrying out heat setting on the needled non-woven fabric through a heat setting machine to prepare a set non-woven fabric; the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-level drying oven, the heat setting temperature of the 5-level drying oven is 93 ℃, 113 ℃, 132 ℃, 142 ℃ and 153 ℃ in sequence, the speed of conveying the non-woven fabric by the heat setting machine is 5.5 m/min, and the thickness of the non-woven fabric after setting is 1.55 mm.
Step 3, preparing an impregnation semi-finished product by a wet impregnation process: preparing bio-based impregnation slurry, wherein the bio-based impregnation slurry comprises 100 parts of polyurethane with a bio-based content of 25%, 10 parts of filler, 45 parts of dimethylformamide, 1.3 parts of nonionic active agent and 1.3 parts of color paste according to parts by mass, and the prepared bio-based impregnation slurry has a solid content of 25% and a viscosity of 10000 cps; placing the non-woven fabric into an impregnation tank filled with bio-based impregnation slurry for impregnation and mangling; curing the non-woven fabric impregnated with the slurry through a curing process to obtain an impregnated semi-finished product with the PU content of 55 percent; wherein the impregnation pressure of the impregnation tank when the non-woven fabric is impregnated is 2.0kg, the gap is 1.35mm, and the material temperature is 31 ℃.
Step 4, opening the fiber by a benzene reduction method to obtain an opened fiber semi-finished product: and (3) splitting the impregnated semi-finished product by a benzene reduction method to dissolve the sea component in the impregnated semi-finished product, and washing with hot water to remove the residual solvent, thereby preparing the split semi-finished product.
Step 5, fiber opening semi-finished product after finishing: drying the split semi-finished product and then oiling, wherein the oiling solution is a mixed solution of modified amino silicone oil and water, and the modified amino silicone oil accounts for 9% of the mixed solution by mass; drying and shaping the oiled fiber opening semi-finished product by a heat shaping machine; after the shaping is finished, finishing processes such as buffing, skin kneading and the like are carried out to prepare the bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather; wherein the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-grade oven, and the drying and setting temperatures of the 5-grade oven are 155 ℃, 155 ℃ and 155 ℃; the speed of the heat setting machine for conveying the split semi-finished product is 5.5 m/min, and the mangle expression of the heat setting machine is controlled at 80%.
The bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather finally prepared by the embodiment 2 of the invention has the bio-based content of 56 +/-2%, and the hand feeling, the fold line and the physical property of the finally prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can meet the actual use requirements, and can even be comparable with the conventional superfine fiber synthetic leather.
Example 3
A processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather comprises the following steps:
step 1, processing the bio-based superfine fiber: mixing two raw materials of a bio-based PA56 slice and a PE slice according to a weight ratio of 60:40, wherein a polymerized monomer of the bio-based PA56 slice is prepared by a biological fermentation technology, the mass of the polymerized monomer prepared by the biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slice, the relative viscosity of 98 wt% sulfuric acid of the bio-based PA56 slice is 2.80dl/g, and the melting point is 243 ℃; preparing bio-based superfine fibers by a spinning production process; oiling the bio-based superfine fibers and drafting by using a drafting device; treating the drafted bio-based superfine fibers by a yarn folding machine and a crimping machine, oiling again, and performing heat setting by a relaxation heat setting machine; and cutting the heat-set bio-based superfine fibers into finished wires with the set length by a wire guide frame, a traction tension machine and a cutting machine to obtain the finished wires with the specification of 6.5D × 51 mm.
Step 2, non-woven fabric production: placing the bio-based superfine fibers into an opening and mixing machine by using a bale opener for opening and mixing, and then entering a carding machine for carding the fibers; the carded bio-based superfine fibers enter a lapping machine through a feeding device to be lapped into a fiber web, the fiber web passes through a needle machine at a constant speed, the fibers in the fiber web are mutually entangled and clasped to form non-woven fabric under the needling action of the needle machine, wherein the needling depth of the needle machine is 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm and 2mm in sequence, and the needling density of the needle machine is 150C/cm in sequence 2 、235C/cm 2 、300C/cm 2 、300C/cm2、550C/cm 2 、550C/cm 2 And 250C/cm 2 The gram weight of the nonwoven fabric formed by needling is 450g/m 2 (ii) a After needling, it is notThe woven fabric is subjected to heat setting through a heat setting machine, so that a set non-woven fabric is prepared; the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-level oven, the heat setting temperature of the 5-level oven is 95 ℃, 115 ℃, 135 ℃, 145 ℃ and 155 ℃ in sequence, the speed of conveying the non-woven fabric by the heat setting machine is 6 m/min, and the thickness of the non-woven fabric after setting is 1.6 mm.
Step 3, preparing an impregnation semi-finished product by a wet impregnation process: preparing bio-based impregnation slurry, wherein the bio-based impregnation slurry comprises 100 parts by mass of polyurethane with 25.2% of bio-based content, 15 parts by mass of filler, 60 parts by mass of dimethylformamide, 1.5 parts by mass of nonionic active agent and 1.5 parts by mass of color paste, and the prepared bio-based impregnation slurry has the solid content of 28% and the viscosity of 15000 cps; placing the non-woven fabric into an impregnation tank filled with bio-based impregnation slurry for impregnation and mangling; curing the non-woven fabric impregnated with the slurry through a curing process to obtain an impregnated semi-finished product with the PU content of 60 percent; wherein, the impregnation pressure of the impregnation tank when the non-woven fabric is impregnated is 2.3kg, the gap is 1.4mm, and the material temperature is 35 ℃.
Step 4, opening by a benzene reduction method to obtain an opened fiber semi-finished product: and (3) splitting the impregnated semi-finished product by a benzene reduction method to dissolve the sea component in the impregnated semi-finished product, and washing by hot water to remove the residual solvent so as to obtain the split semi-finished product.
Step 5, after-finishing of the split semi-finished product: drying the split semi-finished product and then oiling, wherein the oiling solution is a mixed solution of modified amino silicone oil and water, and the modified amino silicone oil accounts for 10% of the mixed solution by mass; drying and shaping the oiled fiber opening semi-finished product by a heat shaping machine; after the shaping is finished, finishing processes such as buffing, skin kneading and the like are carried out to prepare the bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather; wherein the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-grade oven, and the drying and setting temperatures of the 5-grade oven are 155 ℃, 155 ℃ and 155 ℃; the speed of the heat setting machine for conveying the split semi-finished product is 6 m/min, and the mangle rolling rate of the heat setting machine is controlled at 85%.
The bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather finally prepared by the embodiment 3 of the invention has the bio-based content of 60 +/-2%, and the hand feeling, the fold line and the physical property of the finally prepared bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather can meet the actual use requirements, and can even be comparable with the conventional superfine fiber synthetic leather.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, as equivalent modifications and variations as will be made by those skilled in the art in light of the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A processing method of bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather is characterized by comprising the following steps: the processing method comprises the following steps:
processing bio-based superfine fibers: mixing two raw materials of a bio-based PA56 slice and a PE slice according to the weight ratio of 55-60:45-40, and preparing the bio-based superfine fiber by a spinning production process;
production of non-woven fabric: carding, lapping, needling and heat setting the bio-based superfine fibers to obtain the non-woven fabric;
preparing an impregnation semi-finished product by a wet impregnation process: preparing bio-based impregnation slurry, wherein the bio-based impregnation slurry comprises 100 parts by mass of polyurethane with a bio-based content of 25 +/-2%, 5-15 parts by mass of a filler, 30-60 parts by mass of dimethylformamide, 1-1.5 parts by mass of a nonionic active agent and 1-1.5 parts by mass of a color paste, and the prepared bio-based impregnation slurry has a solid content of 20-28% and a viscosity of 2000-15000 cps; placing the non-woven fabric into an impregnation tank filled with bio-based impregnation slurry for impregnation and mangling; curing the non-woven fabric impregnated with the slurry through a curing process to obtain an impregnated semi-finished product with the PU content of 50-60%;
fourthly, splitting the fiber by a benzene reduction method to prepare a split fiber semi-finished product: splitting the impregnated semi-finished product by a benzene reduction method to dissolve sea components in the impregnated semi-finished product, and washing with hot water to remove residual solvent to obtain a split semi-finished product;
fifthly, finishing after splitting the semi-finished product: drying and oiling the split semi-finished product, and drying and shaping the oiled split semi-finished product by a heat-shaping machine; and after the shaping is finished, performing post-finishing to obtain the bio-based superfine fiber synthetic leather.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein: in the step (i), after the bio-based ultrafine fiber is prepared by a spinning production process, the method further comprises the following steps: oiling the bio-based superfine fiber and drafting by using a drafting device; treating the drafted bio-based superfine fibers by a yarn folding machine and a crimping machine, oiling again, and performing heat setting by a relaxation heat setting machine; and cutting the heat-set bio-based superfine fibers into finished yarns with the set length by a yarn guide frame, a traction tension machine and a cutting machine, thereby obtaining the finished yarns with the specification of 6 +/-0.5D 51 mm.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein: in the step I, the polymerized monomers of the bio-based PA56 slices are prepared by a biological fermentation technology, and the mass of the polymerized monomers prepared by the biological fermentation technology accounts for 100 wt% of the total mass of the bio-based PA56 slices; the relative viscosity of 98 wt% sulfuric acid of the bio-based PA56 section is 2.75 +/-0.05 dl/g, and the melting point is 240-243 ℃.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein: the step II comprises the following specific steps: placing the bio-based superfine fibers into an opening and mixing machine by using a bale opener for opening and mixing, and then entering a carding machine for carding the fibers; the carded bio-based superfine fibers enter a lapping machine through a feeding device to be lapped into a fiber web, the fiber web passes through a needle machine at a constant speed, the fibers in the fiber web are mutually entangled and clasped to form non-woven fabric under the needling action of the needle machine, wherein the needling depth of the needle machine is 10 +/-2 mm, 9 +/-2 mm, 8 +/-2 mm, 7 +/-2 mm, 6 +/-2 mm, 5 +/-2 mm and 1 +/-1 mm in sequence, and the needling density of the needle machine is 100 +/-50C/cm in sequence 2 、185±50C/cm 2 、250±50C/cm 2 、250±50C/cm2、500±50C/cm 2 、500±50C/cm 2 And 200. + -. 50C/cm 2 Gram of needle-punched non-woven FabricThe weight is 400-450g/m 2 (ii) a And (3) carrying out heat setting on the needled non-woven fabric through a heat setting machine to obtain the set non-woven fabric.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein: the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-level drying oven, the heat setting temperature of the 5-level drying oven is 90-95 ℃, 110-.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein: in the third step, the impregnation pressure of the impregnation tank is 1.8-2.3kg when the impregnation tank is impregnated with the non-woven fabric, the gap is 1.3-1.4mm, and the material temperature is 27-35 ℃.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein: in the fifth step, the heat setting machine is provided with a 5-grade oven, and the drying and setting temperatures of the 5-grade oven are 155 ℃, 155 ℃ and 155 ℃; the speed of the heat setting machine for conveying the split semi-finished product is 5-6 m/min, and the mangle rolling rate of the heat setting machine is controlled to be 80 +/-5%.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein: in the fifth step, when oiling is carried out on the dried fiber-opening semi-finished product, the oiling solution is a mixed solution of modified amino silicone oil and water, and the modified amino silicone oil accounts for 7-10% of the mixed solution by mass percent.
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