CN112680587A - Method for improving hardness of aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire - Google Patents
Method for improving hardness of aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN112680587A CN112680587A CN202011261841.XA CN202011261841A CN112680587A CN 112680587 A CN112680587 A CN 112680587A CN 202011261841 A CN202011261841 A CN 202011261841A CN 112680587 A CN112680587 A CN 112680587A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the hardness of an aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire which is drawn to be 2-3 mm in diameter; (2) carrying out gas cryogenic treatment on the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to the solution treatment; (3) tempering the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to gas cryogenic treatment; (4) and performing gas cryogenic treatment on the tempered aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire again. The method can effectively improve the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, and solves the problems of easy generation of weld joint thermal cracking, low weld joint strength, poor weld joint stability and the like during use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire treatment process, in particular to an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire hardness improving process.
Background
5356 an aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is a general welding material containing 4.5% -5.5% of Mg4, Cr, Mn, Ti and other trace alloy elements, and is mainly used for welding high-strength aluminum alloys such as Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Si, Al-Zn-Mg and the like, the quality of the welding wire determines the welding quality, but the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire has the problems of low hardness, low strength and the like, and the problem of unsmooth welding wire feeding is easily caused during use, so that the welding deviates from a welding seam, even the arc is broken during welding, and the welding arc stability is poor, therefore, the existing 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire cannot meet the requirement of high-quality product production.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a process for improving the hardness of an aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, which has high hardness, can lead the welding wire to be fed smoothly during welding and has stable welding arc.
The technical scheme is as follows: the process for improving the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire comprises the following steps of:
(1) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire which is drawn to be 2-3 mm in diameter;
(2) carrying out gas cryogenic treatment on the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to the solution treatment;
(3) tempering the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to gas cryogenic treatment;
(4) and performing gas cryogenic treatment on the tempered aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire again.
Wherein the temperature of the solution treatment in the step (1) is 430-440 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6-10h, the solution treatment is taken out and then placed in water for quenching, and the quenching temperature is 60-80 ℃; cooling the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire to room temperature after the solution treatment in the step (1); when the gas is subjected to cryogenic treatment in the step (2) and the step (4), the gas is placed in liquid nitrogen for treatment for 24 to 36 hours, and the gas is subjected to cryogenic treatment on the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire by using the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid nitrogen in the step (2) and the step (4); in the step (3), the tempering temperature is 160-170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6-10 hours; the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire in the step (1) is a 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, and the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.5 to 5.5 percent of Mg, 0.06 to 0.20 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.40 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Si, less than 0.10 percent of Cu, less than 0.10 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of each of the other impurity elements and the balance of Al.
The working principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of drawing an aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the thickness of 5-6 mm, wherein the inside of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire after drawing treatment has high-density dislocation and a large amount of lattice defects, a plurality of alloy elements are in a saturated state, so that the alloy has large internal stress, a strengthening phase inside the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire after solution treatment is fully dissolved into a substrate, water quenching is carried out to keep a supersaturated state of the solid solution at high temperature to room temperature, so that the solid solution is strengthened and hardened, then gas cryogenic treatment is carried out on the solid solution by utilizing the gasification latent heat of liquid nitrogen, fine strengthening phases are separated out greatly inside the welding wire, then tempering is carried out, a large amount of new phase cores are generated inside the welding wire, so that a second phase is uniform and dispersed and separated out, the integral fraction of second phase particles is greatly improved, then secondary gas cryogenic treatment is carried out on the, the structure is further stabilized, better strength and hardness matching are obtained, so the hardness of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire is improved, and the liquid nitrogen is utilized to carry out gas cryogenic treatment on the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire at the temperature of critical gasification, namely about-196 ℃, so that the liquid nitrogen can be prevented from impacting the surface of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, cracks are generated on the surface of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, and the quality of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire is influenced. When the hardness of 5356 aluminum alloy welding wire is increased, the required winding force is greater when the wire is wound on the wire reel, and the degree of elastic deformation of the welding wire is greater. After the constraint force applied to the welding wire is relieved, the welding wire can rebound because of elastic deformation in the winding process, and the outward expansion degree of the welding wire is larger under the internal acting force of the welding wire. The wire feeding device is enabled to reach a straight state before winding, namely, the wire feeding is smooth during welding, thereby improving the welding arc stiffness and stability.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire can be effectively improved, and the problems of easy generation of welding line thermal cracking, low welding line strength, poor welding line stability and the like in use are solved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 3mm is drawn in multiple passes, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.5 percent of Mg, 0.06 percent of Ti, 0.05 percent of Mn and 0.05 percent of Cr, wherein the content of single unavoidable impurity elements Fe is less than or equal to 0.40 percent, the content of Si is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, the content of Cu is less than 0.10 percent, the content of Zn is less than 0.10 percent, and the balance is Al.
(1) Carrying out solution treatment on the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire at 425 ℃ for 10 hours, taking out, quenching in water at 60 ℃, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) placing the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to the solution treatment in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of-196 ℃ for primary gas cryogenic treatment, keeping the temperature for 36 hours, and then placing the welding wire in air to recover to the room temperature;
(3) tempering the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to gas cryogenic treatment at the tempering temperature of 170 ℃ for 10 hours, and then putting the welding wire in air to recover to the room temperature;
(4) and (3) placing the tempered 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of 196 ℃ below zero again for cryogenic gas treatment, keeping the temperature for 36 hours, and then placing the wire in air to recover to the room temperature.
The samples were taken to test the tensile mechanical properties at room temperature according to the national standard tensile test regulations, and the tensile rate was 0.05mm/min on a WE-10 type hydraulic tensile tester, and the average value of 3 groups of mechanical properties was obtained for each group, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
The 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 3mm is drawn in multiple passes, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5.5 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Ti, 0.20 percent of Mn and 0.20 percent of Cr, wherein the single Fe of inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.40 percent, the single Si is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, the single Cu is less than 0.10 percent, the single Zn is less than 0.10 percent, and the balance is Al.
(1) Carrying out solution treatment on the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire at 415 ℃ for 6 hours, taking out, quenching in water at 60 ℃, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) placing the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to the solution treatment in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of-196 ℃ for primary gas cryogenic treatment, preserving heat for 24 hours, and then placing the welding wire in air to recover to room temperature;
(3) tempering the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to gas cryogenic treatment at 160 ℃ for 6 hours, and then putting the wire in air to recover to room temperature;
(4) and (3) placing the tempered 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of 196 ℃ below zero again for cryogenic gas treatment, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, and then placing the wire in air to recover to the room temperature.
The samples were taken to test the tensile mechanical properties at room temperature according to the national standard tensile test regulations, and the tensile rate was 0.05mm/min on a WE-10 type hydraulic tensile tester, and the average value of 3 groups of mechanical properties was obtained for each group, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
The 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 3mm is drawn in multiple passes, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5 percent of Mg, 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.125 percent of Mn and 0.125 percent of Cr, wherein the single Fe of inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.40 percent, the Si is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, the Cu is less than 0.10 percent, the Zn is less than 0.10 percent, and the balance is Al.
(1) Carrying out solution treatment on 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wires at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 8 hours, taking out, putting into water at the temperature of 80 ℃ for quenching, and then cooling to room temperature;
(2) placing the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to the solution treatment in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of-196 ℃ for primary gas cryogenic treatment, preserving heat for 30 hours, and then placing the welding wire in air to recover to room temperature;
(3) tempering the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to gas cryogenic treatment at 165 ℃ for 8 hours, and then putting the welding wire in air to recover to room temperature;
(4) and (3) placing the tempered 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of 196 ℃ below zero again for cryogenic gas treatment, keeping the temperature for 30 hours, and then placing the wire in air to recover to the room temperature.
The samples were taken to test the tensile mechanical properties at room temperature according to the national standard tensile test regulations, and the tensile rate was 0.05mm/min on a WE-10 type hydraulic tensile tester, and the average value of 3 groups of mechanical properties was obtained for each group, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The 5356 aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 5.25mm is obtained by drawing in multiple passes, and the welding wire comprises the following chemical components (by mass percent): 5 percent of Mg, 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.125 percent of Mn and 0.125 percent of Cr, wherein the single Fe of inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.40 percent, the Si is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, the Cu is less than 0.10 percent, the Zn is less than 0.10 percent, and the balance is Al. The samples were taken to test the tensile mechanical properties at room temperature according to the national standard tensile test regulations, and the tensile rate was 0.05mm/min on a WE-10 type hydraulic tensile tester, and the average value of 3 groups of mechanical properties was obtained for each group, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
The 5356 aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 5.25mm is obtained by drawing in multiple passes, and the welding wire comprises the following chemical components (by mass percent): 5 percent of Mg, 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.125 percent of Mn and 0.125 percent of Cr, wherein the single Fe of inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.40 percent, the Si is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, the Cu is less than 0.10 percent, the Zn is less than 0.10 percent, and the balance is Al. The 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is subjected to solution treatment at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 8 hours, taken out, placed in 80 ℃ water for quenching, then cooled to room temperature, then subjected to tempering treatment at the tempering temperature of 165 ℃ for 8 hours, and then placed in air for returning to room temperature. The samples were taken to test the tensile mechanical properties at room temperature according to the national standard tensile test regulations, and the tensile rate was 0.05mm/min on a WE-10 type hydraulic tensile tester, and the average value of 3 groups of mechanical properties was obtained for each group, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
The 5356 aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 5.25mm is obtained by drawing in multiple passes, and the welding wire comprises the following chemical components (by mass percent): 5 percent of Mg, 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.125 percent of Mn and 0.125 percent of Cr, wherein the single Fe of inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.40 percent, the Si is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, the Cu is less than 0.10 percent, the Zn is less than 0.10 percent, and the balance is Al. Carrying out solution treatment on 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wires at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 8 hours, taking out, putting into water at the temperature of 80 ℃ for quenching, and then cooling to room temperature; placing the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to the solution treatment in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of-196 ℃ for gas cryogenic treatment, preserving the heat for 30 hours, and then placing the welding wire in air to recover to the room temperature. The samples were taken to test the tensile mechanical properties at room temperature according to the national standard tensile test regulations, and the tensile rate was 0.05mm/min on a WE-10 type hydraulic tensile tester, and the average value of 3 groups of mechanical properties was obtained for each group, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 4
The 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 3mm is drawn in multiple passes, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 5 percent of Mg, 0.13 percent of Ti, 0.125 percent of Mn and 0.125 percent of Cr, wherein the single Fe of inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.40 percent, the Si is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, the Cu is less than 0.10 percent, the Zn is less than 0.10 percent, and the balance is Al.
(1) Carrying out solution treatment on 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wires at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 8 hours, taking out, putting into water at the temperature of 80 ℃ for quenching, and then cooling to room temperature;
(2) placing the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to the solution treatment in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of-210 ℃ for primary gas cryogenic treatment, preserving heat for 30 hours, and then placing the welding wire in air to recover to room temperature;
(3) tempering the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to gas cryogenic treatment at 165 ℃ for 8 hours, and then putting the welding wire in air to recover to room temperature;
(4) and (3) placing the tempered 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire in liquid nitrogen at the temperature of-210 ℃ again for cryogenic treatment, keeping the temperature for 30 hours, and then placing the wire in air to recover to the room temperature.
After treatment, the surface of the 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is cracked, a sample is taken to perform room-temperature tensile mechanical property test according to the national standard tensile test specification, the test is performed on a WE-10 type hydraulic tensile tester, the tensile rate is 0.05mm/min, the mechanical properties of each group are averaged into 3 groups, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of 5356 Al-Mg alloy welding wire treated by different processes
As shown in Table 1, the tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of the welding wires in comparative examples 1 to 4 are far from the tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of examples 1 to 3. In the comparative example 4, after 2 times of liquid cryogenic treatment and 1 time of tempering treatment step by step, the thermal shock to the welding wire is large due to the liquid cryogenic treatment, even microcracks are generated on the surface of the welding wire, and the mechanical property index of the welding wire is lower than that of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire in the embodiment 3. Therefore, after tempering treatment and 2 times of gas cryogenic treatment, the tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of the welding wire are greatly improved compared with single-stage treatment or two-stage treatment and even liquid cryogenic treatment.
Claims (8)
1. The method for improving the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire which is drawn to be 2-3 mm in diameter;
(2) carrying out gas cryogenic treatment on the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to the solution treatment;
(3) tempering the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire subjected to gas cryogenic treatment;
(4) and performing gas cryogenic treatment on the tempered aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire again.
2. The method for improving the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein the temperature during the solution treatment in the step (1) is 430-440 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6-10 hours, the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is taken out and then placed in water for quenching, and the quenching temperature is 60-80 ℃.
3. The method for improving the hardness of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire is cooled to room temperature after the solution treatment in the step (1).
4. The method for improving the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein the gas cryogenic treatment in the step (2) and the step (4) is performed by placing the wire in liquid nitrogen for 24 to 36 hours.
5. The method for improving the hardness of an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 4, wherein the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire is subjected to gas cryogenic treatment by using the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen in the step (2) and the step (4).
6. The method for improving the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein the tempering temperature in the step (3) is 160-170 ℃, and the holding time is 6-10 hours.
7. The method for improving the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire in the step (1) is 5356 aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
8. The method for improving the hardness of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 7, wherein the 5356 aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.5 to 5.5 percent of Mg, 0.06 to 0.20 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.40 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Si, less than 0.10 percent of Cu, less than 0.10 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of each of the other impurity elements and the balance of Al.
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